Food Security and Efficacy of the Intervention Mechanism in India

Rice and wheat are the two major foodgrains in India and their level of production determines the country self-sufficient. Forecasts on cereals supply range from 250 to over 300 million tones in the country by the year 2020. Mere availability of foodgrains is not a sufficient condition to ensure food security but also necessary that the poor have sufficient means to purchase food. Poor economic access leads to food security and it has been checked by the government mechanism through the operation of Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) and foodgrains are distributed at subsidized prices to the people living Below Poverty Line (BPL). It is a safety net to more than 330 million poor and those nutritionally at risk and an important delivery channel with a network of half million Fair Price Shops (FPS) catering to the needs of 199 million of ration cardholders. Food subsidy amounting to Rs. 25,800 (approximately US$ 5,730 million) was allotted during the period 2004-05, which rose ten times in the past 15 years. Higher level of procurement, revising the Minimum Support Price (MSP), inventory cost for stocking foodgrains and a lower level of issue price together absorb huge subsidy. Monte Carlo Technique was used to examine the implications of several policy options by simulating the 2002-03 base scenario. Optimum or the normative level of procurement, improving offtake from Food Corporation of India (FCI) godowns, private participation, issuing food stamps and food credit cards are the possible options to improve the efficacy of the system and reduce the budgetary burden due to subsidy.Food Security, Targeted Public Distribution System, Fair Price Shops, Minimum Support Price, Monte Carlo Technique, Food Security and Poverty, J21, H4, H5, O2, Q18,

Supply Chain Practices - OLA Cabs Users’ Perception

Supply chain practices of any organisation a plays vital role to satisfy the Customer expectation. Supply chain management of an organisation is taking care from suppliers to end users. The chain must move in smooth way based on the prescribed standards is the key for exceeding the customer expectations. The supply chain practices of Mobile application-based cab operators are based on the triangle relationship. The triangle includes the Customers, Drivers and App service providers. The technology is connecting the all the corners of the triangle. This paper is trying to provide an insight about the OLA Cabs users’ perception over the supply chain practices of OLA cabs in White field, Bangalore city. It tries to identify the Key factors of Customer Perception over the supply chain practices of OLA Cabs

A study of migraine cases in a tertiary care hospital neurology outpatient department: demography, sub classification and clinical features

Background: Recurrent headache disorders impose a substantial burden on headache sufferers, family and society. In India, 15 to 20% of people suffer from migraine with an adult female: male ratio of 2:1. This study has been done with an aim at documenting the different types of migraine, their clinical presentations among patients presented to the Headache clinic, Neurology outpatient Department, Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai during a one year period.Methods: The patients registered at Headache clinic, Neurology outpatient Department, Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai during one year period between the March 2009 and February 2010 with the diagnosis of migraine as per International Headache Society 2004 criteria were taken for this study. The clinical material was collected from the records and by patient interviews with a detailed pre-prepared proforma. The various parameters of the patients were compared, classified and analysed with specific reference to national and international studies.Results: Migraine is the commonest type of headache comprising of about 76% of total cases of headache. Migraine without aura (48%) was more common than migraine with aura (32%). Female preponderance was noticed in all subtypes of migraine, age of onset being in 2nd and 3rd decade for majority of the subgroups of migraine, with positive family history in 45% of cases, with predominant unilateral in presentation and temporal in location, lasting for 12 to 24 hours in majority of cases.Conclusions: Migraine is the commonest type of headache in patients observed in this study. Among subtypes migraine without aura is the commonest. Second and third decade is the commonest age group of onsets

Bacteriologic and clinical efficacy of ofloxacin 0.3% versus ciprofloxacin 0.3% ophthalmic solutions in the treatment of patients with culture-positive bacterial keratitis.

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy and safety of ofloxacin 0.3% ophthalmic solution with ciprofloxacin 0.3% ophthalmic solution in patients with culture-positive bacterial keratitis. METHODS: Patients with a microbiologic diagnosis of bacterial keratitis were included in this double-masked, parallel-group study and were randomized to treatment with either ofloxacin 0.3% or ciprofloxacin 0.3% ophthalmic solution. One drop of the study medication was instilled during the daytime according to the following schedule: every half-hour on study day 1, every hour on days 2 through 4, and every 2 hours on days 5 through 21. Healing, the primary outcome measure, was defined as complete reepithelialization, accompanied by nonprogression of stromal infiltrate for 2 days. Secondary outcome measures included signs and symptoms of infection. Patients were monitored throughout the study period for any adverse events. RESULTS: A total of 217 patients completed the study: 112 were treated with ofloxacin and 105 were treated with ciprofloxacin. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most commonly encountered pathogen in all patients. Complete corneal reepithelialization occurred in 85% of those treated with ofloxacin and in 77% of those treated with ciprofloxacin (p = 0.32). The average time to corneal ulcer healing was 13.7 days in those treated with ofloxacin and 14.4 days in those treated with ciprofloxacin. Both treatments were well tolerated with no patient discontinuing the study because of side effects. CONCLUSION: Ofloxacin 0.3% and ciprofloxacin 0.3% ophthalmic solutions are effective and safe in the treatment of patients with culture-positive bacterial keratitis

AWARENESS AND USE OF ELECTRONIC INFORMATION RESOURCES BY FACULTY MEMBERS IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF HYDERABAD KARNATAKA REGION: A PILOT STUDY

The questionnaire was self designed and distributed through electronic form samples with randomly. The random samples contains of faculty members and staff. The complete questionnaires have been gathered from the respondents for the data analysis and interpretations. On the source of complete questionnaire the data has been analyzed and tabulated using SPSS software. For data scrutiny percentage technique, has been adopted. Due to small number of space significant results findings have been specified in brief. The current work was carried out during January to march 2017. Hence the present survey is enclosed to randomly selected population of geographically; this study is limited to the higher educational institutions, which covered universities, professional colleges and degree colleges, in HK area. But the scope of the study was restricted to selected of higher educational institutions in HK region, which including the backward districts of Bidar, Gulbarga, Yadagiri, Raichur, Koppal and Bellary. The questionnaire was distributed to 115 faculties random samples, out of which 79 (68.69%) respondents have responded. The similarity study will be promoted for further study covering other higher educational institutions of HK region to get more generalized and genuine findings. The discovered of the present study might be taken as the foreword findings from a pilot study. The paper highlights the essential survey findings in respect of internet awareness, use of library users towards the e-resources, which have been made available to their library. After to this, some authentic attributes by the respondents have also been coated and few propositions and recommendations have also been specified in to the point

MITIGATING NODE ISOLATION ATTACK IN OLSR PROTOCOL USING DCFM TECHNIQUE

A Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of mobile devices which are connected by wireless links without the use of any fixed infrastructures or centralized access points. The Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol is an important proactive routing protocol designed for mobile ad hoc networks. It employs periodic exchange of messages to maintain topology information of the network at each node. Based on topology information, each node is able to calculate the optimal route to a destination. One major DoS attack against the Optimized Link State Routing protocol (OLSR) known as the node isolation attack occurs when topological knowledge of the network is exploited by an attacker who is able to isolate the victim from the rest of the network and subsequently deny communication services to the victim. The proposed method named Denial Contradictions with Fictitious Node Mechanism (DCFM) relies on the internal knowledge acquired by each node during routine routing, and augmentation of virtual (fictitious) nodes. Moreover, DCFM utilizes the same techniques used by the attack in order to prevent it. DCFM successfully prevents the attack, specifically in the realistic scenario in which all nodes in the network are mobile

Molecular markers in characterization of medicinal plants: An overview

The demand for herbal medicines is increasing day-to-day because of their widebiological activity, higher safety margin than synthetic drugs. Hence, it is important tocharacterize the medicinal herbs. For the characterization of medicinal plants it is necessaryto develop the sensitive and effective technology. Molecular markers can be employed forcharacterization, since the progress made in genetic markers has been exciting. DNA-basedmolecular markers have acted as very useful tools in various fields like taxonomy,physiology, embryology, plant breeding, ecology, genetic engineering etc. DNA basedmarkers have their applications in fingerprinting genotypes, determining the seed purityand in phylogenetic analysis by which the conservation of the plant can be made easy. Theinnovation of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) made the development of DNA basedmarkers easier. Extensive research on molecular markers is in progress in many researchinstitutes all over the world. DNA-based molecular markers have a great utility in the druganalysis and widely used for the characterization of medicinally important plant species.This review is an attempt to evaluate critically the role of different DNA based markers inthe characterization of medicinal plants