111 research outputs found

    BRENDA, the enzyme information system in 2011

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    The BRENDA (BRaunschweig ENzyme Database, http://www.brenda-enzymes.org) enzyme information system is the main collection of enzyme functional and property data for the scientific community. The majority of the data are manually extracted from the primary literature. The content covers information on function, structure, occurrence, preparation and application of enzymes as well as properties of mutants and engineered variants. The number of manually annotated references increased by 30% to more than 100 000, the number of ligand structures by 45% to almost 100 000. New query, analysis and data management tools were implemented to improve data processing, data presentation, data input and data access. BRENDA now provides new viewing options such as the display of the statistics of functional parameters and the 3D view of protein sequence and structure features. Furthermore a ligand summary shows comprehensive information on the BRENDA ligands. The enzymes are linked to their respective pathways and can be viewed in pathway maps. The disease text mining part is strongly enhanced. It is possible to submit new, not yet classified enzymes to BRENDA, which then are reviewed and classified by the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. A new SBML output format of BRENDA kinetic data allows the construction of organism-specific metabolic models

    Flood Protection in Venice under Conditions of Sea-Level Rise: An Analysis of Institutional and Technical Measures

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    It is widely acknowledged that in times of climate change loss of coastal resources and risk for human life can be minimized by implementing adaptation strategies. Such strategies need to encompass a balanced mix of non-structural (institutional) and structural (technical) measures based on sound scientific knowledge. This article discusses measures carried out to protect the city of Venice, Italy from flooding (locally known as “high water”), and reflects on their ability to anticipate a possible acceleration of sea-level rise as induced by climate change. It is based on scientific literature, legislative and policy documents of key institutions, reports and documents of organizations working on Venice issues, newspaper articles, and interviews. Our analysis shows that the synergic action of the hydraulic defense infrastructure under construction is in principle adequate to withstand a broad range of sea-level rise scenarios for the next 100 years. However, when the goal is to use these investments effectively major changes in the existing institutional arrangements will be required in the years to come. The Venice findings point out the difficulties and yet the importance of identifying and implementing both non-structural and structural measures to adapt to climate change

    Viabilidade polínica e inferência da estabilidade genética em genótipos de cevada.

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    A cevada é uma importante alternativa de cultivo no inverno, podendo ser utilizada tanto na alimentação animal ou humana como também para a fabricação do malte. Fatores bióticos e abióticos podem influenciar na formação do grão de pólen e, consequentemente, na estabilidade genética da espécie. Em vista disso, objetivou-se realizar a análise citogenética de grãos de pólen em genótipos de cevada, a fim de verificar a viabilidade polínica para posterior uso em programas de melhoramento genético. Um conjunto de onze genótipos de cevada, de distintas origens, foi utilizado para a viabilidade polínica. Os genótipos foram semeados em casa de vegetação, com umidade parcialmente controlada, em julho de 2018 com delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados. Foram coletadas nove espigas por genótipo e fixadas em Carnoy. As lâminas citológicas foram confeccionadas utilizando-se três anteras da mesma flor, da região mediana da espiga, seguindo a técnica de esmagamento, coradas com DAPI e foram analisados o número de grãos de pólen viáveis, inviáveis e com tamanhos diferentes em microscopia de epifluorescência. Além disso, foi realizada a medida de diâmetro de grãos de pólen utilizando-se uma escala em micrômetros, para dez células por lâmina e dispostas na região mediana. As imagens das células foram obtidas pelo programa Axion Vision Release 4.8.2. Foi possível concluir que os genótipos avaliados apresentam estabilidade genética, com viabilidade polínica acima de 84% e podem ser utilizados como genitores em um programa de melhoramento genético de cevada.bitstream/item/222525/1/BolPesqDes-95-online-2021.pd

    Avaliação de giberela e deoxinivalenol em cultivares de trigo do Ensaio Estadual de Cultivares de Trigo, em Coxilha, região do planalto médio do Rio Grande do Sul, em 2019.

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    Causada pelo fungo Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch, cuja principal forma assexuada é Fusarium graminearum Schwabe (Parry et al., 1995), a doença giberela ocorre em espigas e em grãos de trigo. Os sintomas típicos são espiguetas despigmentadas, de coloração esbranquiçada ou cor de palha, cujas aristas desviam do sentido das aristas de espiguetas sadias, e os grãos são chochos, enrugados, de coloração branco-rosada a pardo-clara (Parry et al., 1995; Lima, 2002; Lima, 2011). O patógeno pode produzir micotoxinas, como deoxinivalenol (DON) e zearalenona (ZEA), cujos limites máximos tolerados (LMT) foram regulamentados no Brasil em 2011 (Agência..., 2011). A ocorrência de epidemia de giberela é dependente da condição climática, sendo favoráveis à doença o excesso de precipitação pluvial e altas temperaturas (Parry et al., 1995, Lima et al, 2002, Lima, 2004). Se houver condições adequadas, a esta doença, a mesma poderá ocorrer a partir do espigamento (Lima, 2003). O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a intensidade de ocorrência de giberela e da micotoxina deoxinivalenol em genótipos do Ensaio Estadual de Cultivares (EEC) de trigo, implantado em Coxilha, região do planalto médio do Rio Grande do, RS, em 2019

    Acute chest syndrome in children with sickle cell disease: Data from a national AIEOP cohort identify priority areas of intervention in a hub-and-spoke system

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    : Acute chest syndrome (ACS) is a frequent cause of hospitalization in sickle cell disease (SCD). Despite advances in acute care, many settings still lack knowledge about ACS best practices. After the AIEOP Guidelines were published in 2012, suggesting standardized management in Italy, a retrospective study was performed to assess the diagnostic and therapeutic pathways of ACS in children. From 2013 to 2018, 208 ACS episodes were presented by 122/583 kids in 11 centres. 73 were male, mean age 10.9 years, 85% African, 92% HbSS or Sβ°. In our hub-and-spoke system, a good adherence to Guidelines was documented, but discrepancies between reference centres and general hospitals were noted. Improvement is needed for timely transfer to reference centres, use of incentive spirometry, oxygen therapy and pain management

    Grade de agrotóxicos e agroquímicos da PIM: Produção Integrada de Maçã - Ciclo 2022/23.

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    A Grade de Agrotóxicos e Agroquímicos da Produção Integrada de Maçã (PIM) é um documento anual, elaborado desde 2003 pela Comissão Técnica da PIM (CTPim), para informar aos técnicos e produtores as características técnicas e os efeitos secundários dos agrotóxicos e agroquímicos registrados no Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (Mapa) para a cultura da macieira. É um instrumento básico para a certificação da PIM e de outras certificações usadas para a comercialização da fruta no mercado interno e externo. Na grade estão listados os agrotóxicos (fungicidas, inseticidas, acaricidas, feromônios, reguladores de crescimento) registrados no Mapa e demais agroquímicos (sanitizantes, desinfetantes e caldas) para uso na PIM em cada safra da cultura. Além disso, constam as limitações e restrições de uso para cada produto ou grupo listado.CGPE: 17730 Comissão Técnica da PIM (CTPim

    Beam modulation and bump-on-tail effects on Alfvén eigenmode stability in DIII-D

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    Beam modulation effects on Alfvén eigenmode stability have been investigated in a recent DIII-D experiment and show that variations in neutral beam modulation period can have an impact on the beam driven Alfvén eigenmode spectrum and resultant fast ion transport despite similar time-averaged input power. The experiment was carried out during the current ramp phase of L-mode discharges heated with sub-Alfvénic 50–80 kV deuterium neutral beams that drive a variety of Alfvén eigenmodes unstable. The modulation period of two interleaved beams with different tangency radii was varied from shot to shot in order to modify the relative time dependent mix of the beam pitch angle distribution as well as the persistence of a bump-on-tail feature near the injection energy (a feature confirmed by imaging neutral particle analyzer measurements). As the beam modulation period is varied from 7 ms to 30 ms on/off (typical full energy slowing down time of τslow ≈ 50 ms at mid-radius), toroidicity-induced Alfvén eigenmodes (TAEs) located in the outer periphery of the plasma become intermittent and coincident with the more tangential beam. Core mode activity changes from reversed shear Alfvén eigenmodes (RSAEs) to a mix of RSAE and beta-induced Alfvén eigenmodes. Discharges with 30 ms on/off period do not have a persistent bump-on-tail feature, have the lowest average mode amplitude and least fast ion transport. Detailed analysis of an individual TAE using TRANSP kick modeling (Monte Carlo evolution of the distribution function with probabilistic \u27kicks\u27 by the AEs) and the resistive MHD code with kinetic fast ions, MEGA, find no strong role of energy gradient drive due to bump-on-tail features. Instead, the observed TAE modulation with interleaved beams is likely a pitch angle dependent result combined with slowing down of the tangential beam between pulses. For the conditions investigated, bump-on-tail contributions to TAE drive were found to be 5% or less of the total drive at any given time
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