Moving Physical Activity Beyond the School Classroom: A Social-ecological Insight for Teachers of the facilitators and barriers to students\u27 non-curricular physical activity

Non-curricular avenues such as active play during school breaks have been established as a major source for children’s physical and cognitive development, yet there is little information for teachers on the influences affecting primary and secondary school students’ non-curricular physical activity. During this study focus groups and drawing were used to explore the broader influences on primary (n=47) and secondary (n=29) school students’ physical activity behaviour beyond the classroom. Barriers and facilitators to children’s physical activity were categorised using a multi-level social-ecological framework incorporating intrapersonal, interpersonal, physical environment and policy factors. Based on the drawings, comparisons between students’ existing play spaces and their perception of their ideal play space were made. Additionally, students depicted what features within a play space would encourage them to be active. The findings of the study indicate secondary school play spaces may need to incorporate more features to facilitate physical activity. The barriers and facilitators identified in this study provide information for teachers and school decision makers to consider when targeting children’s physical activity beyond school classrooms

Children\u27s enjoyment of play during school lunchtime breaks: An examination of intraday and interday reliability

Background: Enjoyment and play during school lunchtime are correlated with children’s physical activity. Despite this, there is an absence of studies reporting children’s enjoyment of play during school lunchtime breaks. The purpose of this study was to examine the intra-day and inter-day reliability of children’s enjoyment of school lunchtime play. Methods: Surveys used to assess children’s enjoyment of lunchtime play were distributed to and completed by 197 children (112 males, 85 females), aged 8-12 years attending an elementary school in Victoria, Australia. Children completed the surveys during class before lunch (expected enjoyment) and after lunch (actual enjoyment) for five days. The intra- and inter-day enjoyment of school lunchtime play reliability were determined using a weighted kappa. Results: Intra-day kappa values ranged from fair (0.31) to substantial (0.75) within each of the five days (median kappa=0.41). In comparison, ‘expected’ (0.09-0.40; median 0.30) and ‘actual’ (0.05-0.46; median 0.28) inter-day enjoyment of lunchtime play displayed low reliability. Conclusions: Children’s enjoyment of lunchtime play appears to be more consistent within days than across days. The findings suggest that assessment of children’s enjoyment of lunchtime play once on a single day would be representative of a particular day but not necessarily that particular school week

From spin to anyon notation: The XXZ Heisenberg model as a D3D_{3} (or su(2)4su(2)_{4}) anyon chain

We discuss a relationship between certain one-dimensional quantum spin chains and anyon chains. In particular we show how the XXZ Heisenberg chain is realised as a $D_{3}$ (alternately $su(2)_{4}$) anyon model. We find the difference between the models lie primarily in choice of boundary condition.Comment: 13 page

Charged anisotropic matter with linear equation of state

We consider the general situation of a compact relativistic body with anisotropic pressures in the presence of the electromagnetic field. The equation of state for the matter distribution is linear and may be applied to strange stars with quark matter. Three classes of new exact solutions are found to the Einstein-Maxwell system. This is achieved by specifying a particular form for one of the gravitational potentials and the electric field intensity. We can regain anisotropic and isotropic models from our general class of solution. A physical analysis indicates that the charged solutions describe realistic compact spheres with anisotropic matter distribution. The equation of state is consistent with dark energy stars and charged quark matter distributions. The masses and central densities correspond to realistic stellar objects in the general case when anisotropy and charge are present.Comment: 17 pages, To appear in Class. Quantum Gra

A industrialização do álcool brasileiro em usinas de pequena escala de produção: uma avaliação econômica.

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