Classification Of Antarctic Algae By Applying Kohonen Neural Network With 14 Elements Determined By Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry

Optical emission spectrometers can generate results, which sometimes are not easy to interpret, mainly when the analyses involve classifications. To make simultaneous data interpretation possible, the Kohonen neural network is used to classify different Antarctic algae according to their taxonomic groups from the determination of 14 analytes. The Kohonen neural network architecture used was 5×5 neurons, thus reducing 14-dimension input data to two-dimensional space. The input data were 14 analytes (As, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Sr, Zn, Cd, Cr, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, V) with their concentrations, determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry in 11 different species of algae. Three taxonomic groups (Rhodophyta, Phaeophyta and Cholorophyta) can be differentiated and classified through only their Cu content. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.605725730Martens, H., Naes, T., (1989) Multivariate Calibration, , Wiley New YorkMoberg, L., Robertsson, G., Karlberg, B., Spectrofluorimetric determination of chlorophylls and pheopigments using parallel factor analysis (2001) Talanta, 54, pp. 161-170Da Silva, J.C.G.E., Leitão, J.M.M., Costa, F.S., Ribeiro, J.L.A., Detection of verapamil drug by fluorescence and trilinear decomposition techniques (2002) Analytica Chimica Acta, 453, pp. 105-115Pereira-Filho, E.R., Pérez, C.A., Poppi, R.J., Arruda, M.A.Z., Metals distribution and investigation of L'vov platform surface using principal component analysis, multi-way principal component analysis, micro synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy after the determination of Al in a milk slurry sample (2002) Spectrochimica Acta, 57, pp. 1259-1276Pereira-Filho, E.R., Sena, M.M., Arruda, M.A.Z., Poppi, R.J., Exploratory analysis of L'vov platform surfaces for electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry by using three-way chemometric tools (2003) Analytica Chimica Acta, 495, pp. 177-193Tokutaka, H., Yoshihara, K., Fujimura, K., Obu-Cann, K., Iwamoto, K., Surface and interface analysis of GaSb/GaAs semiconductor materials (1999) Applications of Surface Science, 144-145, pp. 59-66Vander Heyden, Y., Vankeerberghen, P., Novic, M., Zupan, J., Massart, D.L., The application of Kohonen neural networks to diagnose calibration problems in atomic absorption spectrometry (2000) Talanta, 51, pp. 455-466Maia, D.R.J., Balbinot, L., Poppi, R.J., De Paoli, M.-A., Effect of conducting carbon black on the photostabilization of injection molded poly(propylene-co-ethylene) containing TiO2 (2003) Polymer Degradation and Stability, 82, pp. 89-98Fidêncio, P.H., Ruisánchez, I., Poppi, R.J., Application of artificial neural networks to the classification of soils from São Paulo state using near-infrared spectroscopy (2001) Analyst, 126, pp. 2194-2200Mazzatorta, P., Vracko, M., Jezierska, A., Benfenati, E., Modeling toxicity by using supervised Kohonen neural networks (2003) Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences, 43, pp. 485-492Zupan, J., Novic, M., Ruisánchez, I., Kohonen and counterpropagation artificial neural networks in analytical chemistry (1997) Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory, 38, pp. 1-23Farías, S., Pérez Arisnabarreta, S., Vodopivez, C., Smichowski, P., Levels of essential and potentially toxic trace metals in Antarctic macro algae (2002) Spectrochimica Acta, 57, pp. 2133-2140Haykin, S., (2001) Redes Neurais-Princípios e prática, , 2nd ed. Bookman Porto AlegreMelssen, W.J., Smits, J.R.M., Buydens, L.M.C., Kateman, G., Using artificial neural networks for solving chemical problems: Part II. Kohonen self-organising feature maps and Hopfield networks (1994) Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory, 23, pp. 267-291Zupan, J., Gasteiger, J., (1999) Neural Networks in Chemistry and Drug Design, , 2nd ed. Wiley-VCH WeinheimRantanen, J.T., Laine, S.J., Antikainen, O.K., Mannermaa, J.-P., Simula, O.E., Yliruusi, J.K., Visualization of fluid-bed granulation with self-organizing maps (2001) Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical, 24, pp. 343-352Mauseth, J.D., (1998) Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology, , Jones and Bartlett Publishers SudburySmichowski, P., Farías, S., Valiente, L., Iribarren, M.L., Vocopivez, C., Total As content of nine species of Antarctic macro algae as determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (2004) Analytical Bioanalysis Chemistry, 378, pp. 465-469Szolnoki, A.C., Báthori, M., Blunden, G., Determination of elements in algae by different atomic spectroscopic methods (2000) Micochemistry Journal, 67, pp. 39-42Vodopivez, C., Smichowski, P., Marcovecchio, J., Trace metals monitoring as a tool for characterization of Antarctic ecosystems and environmental management. the Argentine Programme at Jubany Station (2001) Environmental Contamination in Antarctica. a Challenge to Analytical Chemistry, pp. 155-180. , S. Caroli P. Cescon D.W.H. Walton Elsevier Amsterda