5,917 research outputs found
Mesenchymal stromal cells and the innate immune response
AbstractMesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have been exploited for their immunomodulatory properties in the treatment of a number of immune-based disorders, including Graft versus Host Disease (GvHD) and type 1 diabetes. The mechanisms for inducing therapeutic effect still remain largely unknown however, with research focused on understanding how MSCs interact with individual immune cell subsets. Within this review we address what is known about the interactions of MSCs with cells of the innate immune system, how they respond to their microenvironment and how this relates to therapeutic effects we see both within in vivo animal models and in clinical trials
Kolmogorov-Smirnov method for the determination of signal time-shifts
A new method for the determination of electric signal time-shifts is
introduced. As the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, it is based on the comparison of
the cumulative distribution functions of the reference signal with the test
signal. This method is very fast and thus well suited for on-line applications.
It is robust to noise and its performances in terms of precision are excellent
for time-shifts ranging from a fraction to several sample durations.
PACS. 29.40.Gx (Tracking and position-sensitive detectors), 29.30.Kv (X- and
-ray spectroscopy), 07.50.Qx (Signal processing electronics)Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure
Fast analytical methods for the correction of signal random time-shifts and application to segmented HPGe detectors
Detection systems rely more and more on on-line or off-line comparison of
detected signals with basis signals in order to determine the characteristics
of the impinging particles. Unfortunately, these comparisons are very sensitive
to the random time shifts that may alter the signal delivered by the detectors.
We present two fast algebraic methods to determine the value of the time shift
and to enhance the reliability of the comparison to the basis signals.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figure
La conduite avec facultés affaiblies : les contrevenants et les services offerts dans les établissements de détention du Québec
Rapport de stage prĂ©sentĂ© Ă la FacultĂ© des Ă©tudes supĂ©rieures en vue de lâobtention du grade de
MaĂźtre Ăšs science (M. Sc.) en criminologie
Option stage en analyse criminologiqueCette Ă©tude vise Ă amĂ©liorer les connaissances sur les contrevenants de lâalcool au volant et sur les programmes qui leur sont offerts au sein des Services correctionnels du QuĂ©bec. Un portrait des personnes incarcĂ©rĂ©es pour conduite avec facultĂ©s affaiblies a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tabli. Trois profils se distinguent: ceux pour qui il s'agit de la premiĂšre sentence et dont l'infraction semble ĂȘtre une erreur de parcours, ceux qui ont obtenu une peine de dĂ©tention discontinue qui ont quelques antĂ©cĂ©dents mais passent trĂšs peu de temps en dĂ©tention et enfin, ceux qui cumulent les infractions et obtiennent une peine de dĂ©tention continue. Outre les groupes de soutien prĂ©sents dans tous les Ă©tablissements de dĂ©tention, on retrouve quelques programmes intervenant plus spĂ©cifiquement sur les problĂ©matiques de consommation. Aussi, deux programmes se distinguent par leur spĂ©cificitĂ© et leur encadrement, soit le dĂ©partement spĂ©cialisĂ© en toxicomanie Ă l'Ă©tablissement de dĂ©tention de QuĂ©bec et le secteur FacultĂ©-Vie, anciennement Ă l'Ă©tablissement Maison Tanguay. Suite Ă l'analyse de ces informations, des recommandations sont effectuĂ©es en rapport avec un partenariat bonifiĂ©, une intervention brĂšve, une action en amont de l'incarcĂ©ration et un programme dĂ©jĂ bien Ă©tabli et pouvant facilement ĂȘtre adaptĂ© pour correspondre aux besoins des personnes condamnĂ©es pour conduite avec facultĂ©s affaiblies.This study aims to improve knowledge on inmates condemned for driving while impaired and on programs offered to them in the prisons of province of Quebec. A portrait of these offenders has been established. Three profiles are distinguished : those for whom it is the first sentence and for which the offense appears to be a wrong course, those who received a sentence of discontinuous detention, who have few antecedents and who spend small amount of time in detention and finally, those with cumulative offenses who are sentenced to continuous incarceration. In addition to support groups present in all detention facilities, there are a few programs dealing more specifically with issues related to consumption. Also, two programs stand out in their specificity and their supervision, the DĂ©partement spĂ©cialisĂ© en toxicomanie in the Ătablissement de dĂ©tention de QuĂ©bec and the FacultĂ©-Vie sector, formerly in the Ătablissement de dĂ©tention Maison Tanguay. Following the analysis of these informations, recommendations are made on enhanced partnership, brief intervention, action upstream of incarceration and on an already well established program that can easily be adapted to meet the needs of persons convicted of driving while impaired
L'innovation technologique face au changement climatique : quelle est la position de la France ?
Cet article propose une analyse statistique du positionnement et de la performance de la France en matiĂšre de technologies de lutte contre le rĂ©chauffement climatique. La mĂ©thodologie s'appuie sur une base de donnĂ©es dĂ©crivant l'ensemble des dĂ©pĂŽts de brevets entre 1980 et 2008 dans 17 classes technologiques couvrant un large spectre de technologies liĂ©es au climat. Avec 5,2% des inventions brevetĂ©es en moyenne en 2008 dans les technologies Ă©tudiĂ©es, la France est en moyenne au 5Ăšme rang mondial dans un classement dominĂ© par les Etats-Unis, le Japon, la CorĂ©e du Sud et l'Allemagne. 20% des dĂ©pĂŽts de brevet en France proviennent du secteur public, contre 10% dans les autres pays industrialisĂ©s. Plus de la moitiĂ© des inventions "climat" françaises sont protĂ©gĂ©s dans des pays Ă©trangers, soit 1,5 fois plus que la moyenne mondiale. L'analyse par domaine technologique met en Ă©vidence un positionnement faible de la France dans les Ă©nergies renouvelables, dans lesquelles l'innovation est pourtant la plus dynamique au niveau mondial. En revanche, son positionnement est fort dans des secteurs comme le nuclĂ©aire (mĂȘme si elle n'arrive qu'au troisiĂšme rang derriĂšre le Japon et les Etats-Unis), la capture et sĂ©questration du carbone (CSC), l'isolation, le ciment, le chauffage, l'hydraulique et les vĂ©hicules Ă©lectriques et hybrides, oĂč elle tire parti de la prĂ©sence et du potentiel innovant des grandes firmes françaises d'envergure internationale (Air Liquide, Alstom, Areva, ElectricitĂ© de France, Lafarge, PSA Peugeot CitroĂ«n, Renault, Saint-Gobain, Schlumberger) et des organismes publics de recherche scientifique (CNRS, Commissariat Ă l'Energie Atomique, Institut Français du PĂ©trole)
Second-generation antihistamines: a study of poisoning in children
The toxicity of second-generation antihistamines after an overdose by a child is still unknown. The objective of this study is to use data from Poisons Centres in France to describe the toxicity profile of second-generation antihistamines for children and to compare the severity of poisoning observed from these with a first-generation antihistamine. This was a retrospective, multi-centre and observational study focusing on human cases of single-substance exposure to a second-generation antihistamine and to mequitazine, reported between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2016 in Poisons Centres in France. From a total of 9403 children included, 5980 were exposed to a second-generation antihistamine and 3423 were exposed to mequitazine. The severity of exposure to second-generation antihistamines in children is low: among the children followed until a known outcome, 9% of children were symptomatic and in 97% of cases, the symptoms shown were of a minor-level severity (primarily drowsiness or restlessness). Depending on the substance, children who ingested doses 16 to 69 times the maximum recommended therapeutic dose remained asymptomatic. No deaths or severe symptoms were observed. No cases of lengthening of the QT interval or arrhythmias were identified. Mequitazine led to more symptoms than other substances (14.8% symptomatic children vs. 7.5%, Odd ratio (OR): 2.3 (2.0-2.6), pâ<â0.0001), more symptoms of moderate intensity (1.4 vs. 0.2%, OR: 8.3 (4.1-18.5), pâ<â0.0001) and more hospitalisation (19.1 vs. 8.7%, OR: 2.5, 95% CI: (2.2-2.8), pâ<â0.0001). The severity of poisoning from second-generation antihistamines appears to be low among children and considerably lower than poisoning caused by mequitazine
Low Energy States of : Elements on the Doubly-Magic Nature of Ni
Excited levels were attributed to Ga for the first time
which were fed in the -decay of its mother nucleus Zn produced in
the fission of U using the ISOL technique. We show that the structure
of this nucleus is consistent with that of the less exotic proton-deficient
N=50 isotones within the assumption of strong proton Z=28 and neutron N=50
effective shell effects.Comment: 4 pages, REVTeX 4, 5 figures (eps format
Immunomodulation by Mesenchymal Stem Cells : A Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Type 1 Diabetes
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent stromal cells that have the potential to give rise to cells of diverse lineages. Interestingly, MSCs can be found in virtually all postnatal tissues. The main criteria currently used to characterize and identify these cells are the capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into tissues of mesodermal origin, combined with a lack in expression of certain hematopoietic molecules. Because of their developmental plasticity, the notion of MSC-based therapeutic intervention has become an emerging strategy for the replacement of injured tissues. MSCs have also been noted to possess the ability to impart profound immunomodulatory effects in vivo. Indeed, some of the initial observations regarding MSC protection from tissue injury once thought mediated by tissue regeneration may, in reality, result from immunomodulation. Whereas the exact mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory functions of MSC remain largely unknown, these cells have been exploited in a variety of clinical trials aimed at reducing the burden of immune-mediated disease. This article focuses on recent advances that have broadened our understanding of the immunomodulatory properties of MSC and provides insight as to their potential for clinical use as a cell-based therapy for immune-mediated disorders and, in particular, type 1 diabetes
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