From harmful Microcystis blooms to multi-functional core-double-shell microsphere bio-hydrochar materials

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) induced by eutrophication is becoming a serious global environmental problem affecting public health and aquatic ecological sustainability. A novel strategy for the utilization of biomass from HABs was developed by converting the algae cells into hollow mesoporous biohydrochar microspheres via hydrothermal carbonization method. The hollow microspheres were used as microreactors and carriers for constructing CaO2 core-mesoporous shell-CaO2 shell microspheres (OCRMs). The CaO2 shells could quickly increase dissolved oxygen to extremely anaerobic water in the initial 40 min until the CaO2 shells were consumed. The mesoporous shells continued to act as regulators restricting the release of oxygen from CaO2 cores. The oxygen-release time using OCRMs was 7 times longer than when directly using CaO2. More interestingly, OCRMs presented a high phosphate removal efficiency (95.6%) and prevented the pH of the solution from rising to high levels in comparison with directly adding CaO2 due to the OH− controlled-release effect of OCRMs. The distinct core-doubleshell micro/nanostructure endowed the OCRMs with triple functions for oxygen controlled-release, phosphorus removal and less impact on water pH. The study is to explore the possibility to prepare smarter bio-hydrochar materials by utilizing algal blooms

Standardisierte Gerinnungsanamnese vor Tonsillektomie und Adenotomie im Kindesalter

Einleitung: Im Jahr 2006 wurde ein Positionspapier zur präoperativen Gerinnungsdiagnostik bei Kindern vor einer Tonsillektomie / Adenotomie (TE/AT) veröffentlicht. Dieses empfiehlt, auf die präoperative "Routinegerinnung" zu verzichten und stattdessen einen standardisierten Fragebogen zur Abklärung einer Blutungsneigung zu verwenden. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es zu überprüfen, ob es nach der Umsetzung der Empfehlung zu einer veränderten Nachblutungsrate gekommen ist.Methoden: Mittels einer retrospektiven Datenanalyse der Jahre 2003 und 2009 wurde die Inzidenz von Nachblutungen bei Kindern nach TE, AT und TE+AT untersucht. Während 2003 nur eine freie Anamnese durchgeführt wurde und in Teilen eine Routinegerinnung vorlag, wurden 2009 alle Kinder durch den standardisierten Fragebogen gescreent und im Verdachtsfall eine umfassende Gerinnungsdiagnostik vorgenommen.Ergebnisse: 2003 wurden 293 Kinder operiert, in 20 Fällen (6.8%) kam es zu Nachblutungen, wovon 18 (6%) revidiert werden mussten. 2009 wurden 352 Kinder operiert, in 25 Kinder hatten nachgeblutet (7.1%), 14 (4%) wurden operativ revidiert. Eine relevante Änderung der Häufigkeit besteht nicht. Bei 5 der Kinder, die 2003 nachgeblutet hatten, lag präoperativ ein Gerinnungslabor vor, das in allen Fällen unauffällig war. Auch alle postoperativ durchgeführten Gerinnungsuntersuchungen, die im Anschluss an die Nachblutungen in beiden Gruppen durchgeführt wurden, waren unauffällig.Schlussfolgerung: Die Anwendung des standardisierten Fragenbogens unter Verzicht auf eine Routinegerinnung führt nicht zu einer nachweisbaren Veränderung der Nachblutungsrate nach TE/AT. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen darüber hinaus, dass Nachblutungen nach TE/AT in aller Regel nicht Ausdruck einer kompromittierten Blutgerinnung sind.Der Erstautor gibt keinen Interessenkonflikt an

The metabolic signature of cardiorespiratory fitness: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

A low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a strong and independent predictor of cardiometabolic, cancer and all-cause mortality. To date, the mechanisms linking CRF with reduced mortality remain largely unknown. Metabolomics, which is a powerful metabolic phenotyping technology to unravel molecular mechanisms underlying complex phenotypes, could elucidate how CRF fosters human health. This study aims at systematically reviewing and meta-analysing the literature on metabolites of any human tissue sample, which are positively or negatively associated with CRF. Studies reporting estimated CRF will not be considered. No restrictions will be placed on the metabolomics technology used to measure metabolites. PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE will be searched for relevant articles published until the date of the last search. Two authors will independently screen full texts of selected abstracts. References and citing articles of included articles will be screened for additional relevant publications. Data regarding study population, tissue samples, analytical technique, quality control, data processing, metabolites associated to CRF, cardiopulmonary exercise test protocol and exercise exhaustion criteria will be extracted. Methodological quality will be assessed using a modified version of QUADOMICS. Narrative synthesis as well as tabular/charted presentation of the extracted data will be included. If feasible, meta-analyses will be used to investigate the associations between identified metabolites and CRF. Potential sources of heterogeneity will be explored in meta-regressions. No ethics approval is required. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and as conference presentation. CRD42020214375

Breath acetone change during aerobic exercise is moderated by cardiorespiratory fitness

Objectives: Investigation of exhaled breath acetone (BrAce) during and after submaximal aerobic exercise as a volatile biomarker for metabolic responsiveness in high and lower-fit individuals. Design: Prospective cohort pilot-study. Methods: Twenty healthy adults (19-39 years) with different levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak), determined by spiroergometry, were recruited. BrAce was repeatedly measured by proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS) during 40 – 55 min submaximal cycling exercise and a post-exercise period of 180 min. Activity of ketone- and fat metabolism during and after exercise were assessed by indirect calorimetric calculation of fat oxidation rate and by measurement of venous β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB). Results: Maximum BrAce ratios were significantly higher during exercise in the high-fit individuals compared to the lower-fit group (t-test; p=0.03). Multivariate regression showed 0.4% (95%-CI=-0.2 – 0.9%, p=0.155) higher BrAce change during exercise for every ml kg-1 min-1 higher VO2peak. Differences of BrAce ratios during exercise were similar to fat oxidation rate changes, but without association to respiratory minute-volume. Furthermore, the high-fit group showed higher maximum BrAce increase rates (46% h-1) in the late post-exercise phase compared to the lower-fit group (29% h-1). Conclusions: High-fit young, healthy individuals have a higher increase in BrAce concentrations related to submaximal exercise than lower-fit subjects, indicating a stronger exercise-related activation of fat metabolism.ISSN:1752-7155ISSN:1752-716

The Metabolic Signature of Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Systematic Review.

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a potent health marker, the improvement of which is associated with a reduced incidence of non-communicable diseases and all-cause mortality. Identifying metabolic signatures associated with CRF could reveal how CRF fosters human health and lead to the development of novel health-monitoring strategies. This article systematically reviewed reported associations between CRF and metabolites measured in human tissues and body fluids. PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched from database inception to 3 June, 2021. Metabolomics studies reporting metabolites associated with CRF, measured by means of cardiopulmonary exercise test, were deemed eligible. Backward and forward citation tracking on eligible records were used to complement the results of database searching. Risk of bias at the study level was assessed using QUADOMICS. Twenty-two studies were included and 667 metabolites, measured in plasma (n = 619), serum (n = 18), skeletal muscle (n = 16), urine (n = 11), or sweat (n = 3), were identified. Lipids were the metabolites most commonly positively (n = 174) and negatively (n = 274) associated with CRF. Specific circulating glycerophospholipids (n = 85) and cholesterol esters (n = 17) were positively associated with CRF, while circulating glycerolipids (n = 152), glycerophospholipids (n = 42), acylcarnitines (n = 14), and ceramides (n = 12) were negatively associated with CRF. Interestingly, muscle acylcarnitines were positively correlated with CRF (n = 15). Cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with circulating and muscle lipidome composition. Causality of the revealed associations at the molecular species level remains to be investigated further. Finally, included studies were heterogeneous in terms of participants' characteristics and analytical and statistical approaches. CRD42020214375