Synthetic associations in the context of genome-wide association scan signals

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified a large number of genetic variants associated with complex traits, but these only explain a small proportion of the total heritability. It has been recently proposed that rare variants can create ‘synthetic association' signals in GWAS, by occurring more often in association with one of the alleles of a common tag single nucleotide polymorphism. While the ultimate evaluation of this hypothesis will require the completion of large-scale sequencing studies, it is informative to place it in the broader context of what is known about the genetic architecture of complex disease. In this review, we draw from empirical and theoretical data to summarize evidence showing that synthetic associations do not underlie many reported GWAS associations

RCS043938-2904.9: A New Rich Cluster of Galaxies at z=0.951

We present deep I, J_s, K_s imaging and optical spectroscopy of the newly discovered Red-Sequence Cluster Survey cluster RCS043938-2904.9. This cluster, drawn from an extensive preliminary list, was selected for detailed study on the basis of its apparent optical richness. Spectroscopy of 11 members places the cluster at z=0.951 +- 0.006, and confirms the photometric redshift estimate from the (R-z) color-magnitude diagram. Analysis of the infrared imaging data demonstrates that the cluster is extremely rich, with excess counts in the Ks-band exceeding the expected background counts by 9 sigma. The properties of the galaxies in RCS043938-2904.9 are consistent with those seen in other clusters at similar redshifts. Specifically, the red-sequence color, slope and scatter, and the size-magnitude relation of these galaxies are all consistent with that seen in the few other high redshift clusters known, and indeed are consistent with appropriately evolved properties of local cluster galaxies. The apparent consistency of these systems implies that the rich, high-redshift RCS clusters are directly comparable to the few other systems known at z ~ 1, most of which have been selected on the basis of X-ray emission.Comment: 12 pages, 1 color figure. Accepted for publication on The ApJ Letter

Constituting women’s subjectivity in Cyberspace

This study looks critically at how Foucault’s notion of subject formation unfolds within the matrix of power: a dynamic complex of force relations permeating society. Moreover, it elucidates how a singular subject is constituted in its interaction with the Internet. Foucault analyses our contemporary system of power as a pastoral regime where the responsibilities of government extend from institutions to the self. How one governs one’s self is shaped by various technologies; most significant for this study are technologies of the self: how an individual constitutes herself as an embodied subject. Subjection and subjectivation distinguish technologies of the self that are imposed from society from those that come from within the individual to influence society. We considered various Web sites articulating issues around women’s concerns, deconstructing the discourses they disseminate and identifying their role in women’s subjection and subjectivation. Our reading of cyberspace underscores opportunities the Internet offers in bringing about social change, provided it is integrated within a real social context that subverts the isolating and disembodied character of the virtual. This reading also warns of the increasing difficulty of taking this opportunity as Cyberspace becomes structured by commercialism’s tight constraints

Analisa Pengaruh Kualitas Layanan Terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan Di Restoran X Surabaya

Restoran X merupakan restoran buffet yang menyajikan menu Internasional. Penelitian ini dilakukan, bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh yang signifikan dari kualitas layanan (tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance dan empathy )terhapad loyalitas pelanggan di Restoran X dan untuk mengetahui manakah variabel kualitas layanan yang lebih dominan berpengaruh terhadap loyalitas pelanggan di Restoran X tersebut. Untuk menjawab tujuan penelitian tersebut , metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah teknik analisa regresi linear berganda. Berdasarkan hasil analisa data yang ada, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kualitas layanan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan di Restoran X. Variabel tangibles dan empathy dari kualitas layanan yang lebih berpengaruh dominan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan di Restoran

A New E-Professionalism/Social Media Course: Student Reflections and Impact

This poster provides a review of interim results from a qualitative study on first-year medical students\u27 attitudes and perceptions of their definition of medical professionalism in social media. Included in the study is an evaluation of changes in perspective since becoming a medical student and after participating in an E-Professionalism and Social Media instructional session

Solving nonlinear equations by a tabu search strategy

Solving systems of nonlinear equations is a problem of particular importance since they emerge through the mathematical modeling of real problems that arise naturally in many branches of engineering and in the physical sciences. The problem can be naturally reformulated as a global optimization problem. In this paper, we show that a metaheuristic, called Directed Tabu Search (DTS) [16], is able to converge to the solutions of a set of problems for which the fsolve function of MATLAB® failed to converge. We also show the effect of the dimension of the problem in the performance of the DTS.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT

Combined mutation differential evolution to solve systems of nonlinear equations

This paper presents a differential evolution heuristic to compute a solution of a system of nonlinear equations through the global optimization of an appropriate merit function. Three different mutation strategies are combined to generate mutant points. Preliminary numerical results show the effectiveness of the presented heuristic.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT

Solving systems of nonlinear equations by harmony search

In this paper, we aim to analyze the performance of some variants of the harmony search (HS) metaheuristic when solving systems of nonlinear equations through the global optimization of an appropriate merit function. The HS metaheuristic draws its inspiration from an artistic process, the improvisation process of musicians seeking a wonderful harmony. A new differential best HS algorithm, based on an improvisation operator that mimics the best harmony and uses a differential variation, is proposed. Computational experiments involving a well-known set of small-dimensional problems are presented.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT

Nonmonotone hybrid tabu search for Inequalities and equalities: an experimental study

The main goal of this paper is to analyze the behavior of nonmonotone hybrid tabu search approaches when solving systems of nonlinear inequalities and equalities through the global optimization of an appropriate merit function. The algorithm combines global and local searches and uses a nonmonotone reduction of the merit function to choose the local search. Relaxing the condition aims to call the local search more often and reduces the overall computational effort. Two variants of a perturbed pattern search method are implemented as local search. An experimental study involving a variety of problems available in the literature is presented.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT