1,914 research outputs found
The Minkowski metric in non-inertial observer radar coordinates
We give a closed expression for the Minkowski (1+1)-dimensional metric in the
radar coordinates of an arbitrary non-inertial observer O in terms of O's
proper acceleration. Knowledge of the metric allows the non-inertial observer
to perform experiments in spacetime without making reference to inertial
frames. To clarify the relation between inertial and non-inertial observers the
coordinate transformation between radar and inertial coordinates, also is
given. We show that every conformally flat coordinate system can be regarded as
the radar coordinate system of a suitable observer for a suitable
parametrization of the observer worldline. Therefore, the coordinate
transformation between arbitrarily moving observers is a conformal
transformation and conformally invariant (1+1)-dimensional theories lead to the
same physics for all observers, independently of their relative motion.Comment: Revtex4, 6 pages, 1 figur
Thermodynamic constraints on fluctuation phenomena
The relationships between reversible Carnot cycles, the absence of perpetual
motion machines and the existence of a non-decreasing, globally unique entropy
function forms the starting point of many textbook presentations of the
foundations of thermodynamics. However, the thermal fluctuation phenomena
associated with statistical mechanics has been argued to restrict the domain of
validity of this basis of the second law of thermodynamics. Here we demonstrate
that fluctuation phenomena can be incorporated into the traditional
presentation, extending, rather than restricting, the domain of validity of the
phenomenologically motivated second law. Consistency conditions lead to
constraints upon the possible spectrum of thermal fluctuations. In a special
case this uniquely selects the Gibbs canonical distribution and more generally
incorporates the Tsallis distributions. No particular model of microscopic
dynamics need be assumed.Comment: 12 pages, 24 figure
Kerr metric, static observers and Fermi coordinates
The coordinate transformation which maps the Kerr metric written in standard
Boyer-Lindquist coordinates to its corresponding form adapted to the natural
local coordinates of an observer at rest at a fixed position in the equatorial
plane, i.e., Fermi coordinates for the neighborhood of a static observer world
line, is derived and discussed in a way which extends to any uniformly
circularly orbiting observer there.Comment: 15 page latex iopart class documen
Study of microwave/gamma-ray properties for Fermi-LAT bright AGNs
Blazars are a small fraction of all extragalactic sources but, unlike other
objects, they are strong emitters across the entire electromagnetic spectrum.
Recent data in the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum have become
available to allow for systematic studies of blazars over large cosmological
volumes. This frequency band is indeed particularly suited for the selection of
blazars since at these frequencies the contamination from radio extended
components with steep spectra is no longer present and the emission from the
accretion process is negligible. During the first 3 months of scientific
operations Fermi-LAT detected 106 bright, high-galactic latitude (| b |> 10
deg) AGNs with high significance. In this study we investigate the possible
relations between the microwave and the gamma-ray emissions for Fermi-LAT
detected AGNs belonging to WMAP 5th year bright source catalog.Comment: 3 pages, 3 ps figures, "2009 Fermi Symposium", "eConf Proceedings
C091122
Normal frames and the validity of the equivalence principle
We investigate the validity of the equivalence principle along paths in
gravitational theories based on derivations of the tensor algebra over a
differentiable manifold. We prove the existence of local bases, called normal,
in which the components of the derivations vanish along arbitrary paths. All
such bases are explicitly described. The holonomicity of the normal bases is
considered. The results obtained are applied to the important case of linear
connections and their relationship with the equivalence principle is described.
In particular, any gravitational theory based on tensor derivations which obeys
the equivalence principle along all paths, must be based on a linear
connection.Comment: 14 pages, LaTeX 2e, the package amsfonts is neede
Implications of Weak-Interaction Space Deformation for Neutrino Mass Measurements
The negative values for the squares of both electron and muon neutrino masses
obtained in recent experiments are explained as a possible consequence of a
change in metric within the weak-interaction volume in the energy-momentum
representation. Using a model inspired by a combination of the general theory
of relativity and the theory of deformation for continuous media, it is shown
that the negative value of the square of the neutrino mass can be obtained
without violating allowed physical limits. The consequence is that the negative
value is not necessary unphysical.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures, LaTe
Three and Four Harmonically Trapped Particles in an Effective Field Theory Framework
We study systems of few two-component fermions interacting via short-range
interactions within a harmonic-oscillator trap. The dominant interactions,
which are two-body, are organized according to the number of derivatives and
defined in a two-body truncated model space made from a bound-state basis.
Leading-order (LO) interactions are solved for exactly using the formalism of
the No-Core Shell Model, whereas corrections are treated as many-body
perturbations. We show explicitly that next-to-LO and next-to-next-to-LO
interactions improve convergence as the model space increases. We present
results at unitarity for three- and four-fermion systems, which show excellent
agreement with the exact solution (for the three-body problem) and results
obtained by others methods (in the four-body case). We also present results for
finite scattering lengths and non-zero range of the interaction, including (at
positive scattering length) observation of a change in the structure of the
three-body ground state and extraction of the atom-dimer scattering length.Comment: 18 pages, 10 figure
Ionization potentials in the limit of large atomic number
By extrapolating the energies of non-relativistic atoms and their ions with
up to 3000 electrons within Kohn-Sham density functional theory, we find that
the ionization potential remains finite and increases across a row, even as
. The local density approximation becomes chemically
accurate (and possibly exact) in some cases. Extended Thomas-Fermi theory
matches the shell-average of both the ionization potential and density change.
Exact results are given in the limit of weak electron-electron repulsion.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Disentangling Instrumental Features of the 130 GeV Fermi Line
We study the instrumental features of photons from the peak observed at
GeV in the spectrum of Fermi-LAT data. We use the {\sc sPlots}
algorithm to reconstruct -- seperately for the photons in the peak and for
background photons -- the distributions of incident angles, the recorded time,
features of the spacecraft position, the zenith angles, the conversion type and
details of the energy and direction reconstruction. The presence of a striking
feature or cluster in such a variable would suggest an instrumental cause for
the peak. In the publically available data, we find several suggestive features
which may inform further studies by instrumental experts, though the size of
the signal sample is too small to draw statistically significant conclusions.Comment: 9 pages, 22 figures; this version includes additional variables,
study of stat sensitivity, and modification to the chi-sq calculatio
Interference effects in above-threshold ionization from diatomic molecules: determining the internuclear separation
We calculate angle-resolved above-threshold ionization spectra for diatomic
molecules in linearly polarized laser fields, employing the strong-field
approximation. The interference structure resulting from the individual
contributions of the different scattering scenarios is discussed in detail,
with respect to the dependence on the internuclear distance and molecular
orientation. We show that, in general, the contributions from the processes in
which the electron is freed at one center and rescatters off the other obscure
the interference maxima and minima obtained from single-center processes.
However, around the boundary of the energy regions for which rescattering has a
classical counterpart, such processes play a negligible role and very clear
interference patterns are observed. In such energy regions, one is able to
infer the internuclear distance from the energy difference between adjacent
interference minima.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures; discussions slightly modified and an additional
figure inserted for clarit
- âŠ