Sleep disruption, chronotype, shift work, and prostate cancer risk and mortality : a 30-year prospective cohort study of Finnish twins

Sleep disruption and shift work have been associated with cancer risk, but epidemiologic evidence for prostate cancer remains limited. We aimed to prospectively investigate the association between midlife sleep- and circadian-related parameters and later prostate cancer risk and mortality in a population-based cohort of Finnish twins. Data were drawn from the Older Finnish Twin Cohort and included 11,370 twins followed from 1981 to 2012. Over the study period, 602 incident cases of prostate cancer and 110 deaths from prostate cancer occurred. Cox regression was used to evaluate associations between midlife sleep duration, sleep quality, chronotype, and shift work with prostate cancer risk and prostate cancer-specific mortality. Within-pair co-twin analyses were employed to account for potential familial confounding. Compared to "definite morning" types, "somewhat evening" types had a significantly increased risk of prostate cancer (HR 1.3; 95 % CI 1.1, 1.6). Chronotype significantly modified the relationship between shift work and prostate cancer risk (p-interaction <0.001). We found no significant association between sleep duration, sleep quality, or shift work and prostate cancer risk in the overall analyses and no significant association between any sleep- or circadian-related parameter and risk in co-twin analyses. Neither sleep- nor circadian-related parameters were significantly associated with prostate cancer-specific mortality. The association between sleep disruption, chronotype, and shift work with prostate cancer risk and mortality has never before been studied in a prospective study of male twins. Our findings suggest that chronotype may be associated with prostate cancer risk and modify the association between shift work and prostate cancer risk. Future studies of circadian disruption and prostate cancer should account for this individual-level characteristic.Peer reviewe

Flamingo Vol. I N 1

Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 1. DKF. Untitled. Picture. 3. Holt, Kilburn. Untitled. Poem. 4. Anonymous. An Ancient Reporter . Prose. 5. Anonymous. The Neophyte\u27s Prayer . Poem. 6. Anonymous. Gone-But Not Forgotten . Poem. 6. R.D.B. Untitled. Picture. 6. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 6. Anonymous. Thrice Weekly . Prose. 7. Anonymous. Yus! . Prose. 7. Anonymous. \u27S Truth! . Prose. 8. Anonymous. Tick-Tock: A Calamietta . Prose. 8. Holt, Kilburn. Spring . Poem. 9. Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 9. Anonymous. Which best Applies . Poem. 9. R.D.B. Untitled. Picture. 9. Anonymous. The Circular Hunt of 1823 . Prose. 9. Anonymous. Sad-But True . Poem. 10. Bovington. Sad - But True . Cartoon. 10. Anonymous. Going to the Farm . Prose. 11. Anonymous. Untitled. Picture. 12. Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 12. Anonymous. \u27Twas Ever Thus . Prose. 12. A.F.T. Two Triolets . Poem. 13. Anonymous. Santa Claus Opens a Factory In Granville . Prose. 13. Anonymous. Untitled. Picture. 14. Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 14. Anonymous. So Would We . Poem. 14. Anonymous. The Sequence of Love . Poem. 14. Anonymous. A Letter From the Sem-And A Heartless Reply . Prose. 15. Anonymous. Galoshes . Poem. 15. Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 15. Dickerman, C.H. A Chaucer . Poem. 13. Funk, Dorothy K. Untitled. Picture. 8. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 16. Anonymous. Add Horrors of War . Poem. 17. Hooper, Osman C. The Song of The Spring . Poem. 18. Flory, Walter L. The Daily Struggle . Poem. 18. Flory, Walter L. Exasperation . Poem. 18. MacCune, Julia Hall. On Sugar Loaf . Poem. 18. LaRue, Fred S. Behind The Gym . Poem. 18. Anonymous. Untitled. Picture. 19. Anonymous. The Red Rag Doll . Poem. 19. Anonymous. You Say It Is! . Poem. 19. Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 19. Anonymous. Denison\u27s Hall of Fame . Poem. 20. Holt, Kilburn. Tempus Fugit . Poem. 21. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 21. Widow. The War Game . Prose. 21. Anonymous. Untitled. Picture. 21. Widow. Ah! Cribbing! . Poem. 22. Widow. Imposition . Poem. 22. Widow. Untitled. Prose. 22. Orange Peel. Untitled. Prose. 22. Record. Untitled. Prose. 22. Awgwan. Untitled. Prose. 22. Purple Cow. Untitled. Prose. 22. Anonymous. Chapel Singing School . Poem. 23. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 24. Anonymous. Three Types of Villain . Prose. 25. Orange Peel. To a Pencil . Poem. 27. Jester. What Men Like in Women . Prose. 27. Burr. Untitled. Poem. 27. Wampus. Untitled. Prose. 27. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 27. Judge. Spare Her Blushes . Prose. 27. Awgwan. Untitled. Poem. 27. Tiger. Untitled. Poem. 27. Tiger. Untitled. Poem. 29. Widow. Untitled. Prose. 29. Orange Peel. Untitled. Prose. 29. Anonymous. Low Cut . Prose. 29. Jester. Fine! Fine! . Prose. 29. Chaparal. Untitled. Prose. 31. Sun Dodger. All In The Type . Prose. 31. Orange Peel. Untitled. Prose. 31. Voo-Doo. Untitled. Prose. 31. Jester. Hot Stuff . Prose. 32. Orange Peel. Untitled. Prose. 32. Virginia Reel. Untitled. Prose. 32. Burr. Untitled. Prose. 32. Tiger. Untitled. Prose. 32. Keeler, Clyde. Untitled. Picture. 15 Keeler, Clyde. Untitled. Picture. 23

Missense Mutation in the Second RNA Binding Domain Reveals a Role for Prkra (PACT/RAX) during Skull Development

Random chemical mutagenesis of the mouse genome can causally connect genes to specific phenotypes. Using this approach, reduced pinna (rep) or microtia, a defect in ear development, was mapped to a small region of mouse chromosome 2. Sequencing of this region established co-segregation of the phenotype (rep) with a mutation in the Prkra gene, which encodes the protein PACT/RAX. Mice homozygous for the mutant Prkra allele had defects not only in ear development but also growth, craniofacial development and ovarian structure. The rep mutation was identified as a missense mutation (Serine 130 to Proline) that did not affect mRNA expression, however the steady state level of RAX protein was significantly lower in the brains of rep mice. The mutant protein, while normal in most biochemical functions, was unable to bind dsRNA. In addition, rep mice displayed altered morphology of the skull that was consistent with a targeted deletion of Prkra showing a contribution of the gene to craniofacial development. These observations identified a specific mutation that reduces steady-state levels of RAX protein and disrupts the dsRNA binding function of the protein, demonstrating the importance of the Prkra gene in various aspects of mouse development

Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus, Southern Mexico

Evidence of enzootic and endemic Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus circulation in southern Mexico since the 1996 epizootic was obtained from serosurveys and virus isolations

Plant disease resistance genes encode members of an ancient and diverse protein family within the nucleotide-binding superfamily

The nucleotide binding site (NBS) is a characteristic domain of many plant resistance gene products. An increasing number of NBS-encoding sequences are being identified through gene cloning, PCR amplification with degenerate primers, and genome sequencing projects. The NBS domain was analyzed from 14 known plant resistance genes and more than 400 homologs, representing 26 genera of monocotyledonous, dicotyle-donous and one coniferous species. Two distinct groups of diverse sequences were identified, indicating divergence during evolution and an ancient origin for these sequences. One group was comprised of sequences encoding an N-terminal domain with Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor homology (TIR), including the known resistance genes, N, M, L6, RPP1 and RPP5. Surprisingly, this group was entirely absent from monocot species in searches of both random genomic sequences and large collections of ESTs. A second group contained monocot and dicot sequences, including the known resistance genes, RPS2, RPM1, I2, Mi, Dm3, Pi-B, Xa1, RPP8, RPS5 and Prf. Amino acid signatures in the conserved motifs comprising the NBS domain clearly distinguished these two groups. The Arabidopsis genome is estimated to contain approximately 200 genes that encode related NBS motifs; TIR sequences were more abundant and outnumber non-TIR sequences threefold. The Arabidopsis NBS sequences currently in the databases are located in approximately 21 genomic clusters and 14 isolated loci. NBS-encoding sequences may be more prevalent in rice. The wide distribution of these sequences in the plant kingdom and their prevalence in the Arabidopsis and rice genomes indicate that they are ancient, diverse and common in plants. Sequence inferences suggest that these genes encode a novel class of nucleotide-binding protein