Physical/chemical closed-loop water-recycling

Water needs, water sources, and means for recycling water are examined in terms appropriate to the water quality requirements of a small crew and spacecraft intended for long duration exploration missions. Inorganic, organic, and biological hazards are estimated for waste water sources. Sensitivities to these hazards for human uses are estimated. The water recycling processes considered are humidity condensation, carbon dioxide reduction, waste oxidation, distillation, reverse osmosis, pervaporation, electrodialysis, ion exchange, carbon sorption, and electrochemical oxidation. Limitations and applications of these processes are evaluated in terms of water quality objectives. Computerized simulation of some of these chemical processes is examined. Recommendations are made for development of new water recycling technology and improvement of existing technology for near term application to life support systems for humans in space. The technological developments are equally applicable to water needs on Earth, in regions where extensive water recycling is needed or where advanced water treatment is essential to meet EPA health standards

Experience of a Recruit in the United States Army

War Department: The Adjutant General\u27s Office, Washington DC, May 5, 1916: With the view of presenting to all concerned the actual experiences of a young man who enlists in tho United States Army, the following extracts from the Columbus Citizen, of Columbus, Ohio, are republished. This tale of human interest was published in the newspaper mentioned from March 31 to April 4, 1916, and, as stated in the editor\u27s note, depicts the actual experiences of a newspaper reporter detailed to find out and tell the Citizen readers how the United States prepares its soldiers for duty. These articles are republished without comment, as it is obvious that comment is unnecessary. H.P. McCain, The Adjutant Generalhttps://digicom.bpl.lib.me.us/books_pubs/1127/thumbnail.jp

Political Polarization and Gridlock as the Result of an Institutional Imbroglio in Taiwan

Institutionalist theory argues that fairly permanent economic structures and policy-making arrangements create “institutions” which shape future policy-making and economic performance to a considerable extent (March and Olsen 1989; North 1990; Riker 1982). This perspective suggests that it might be valuable to look for the political institutions that evolved during Taiwan’s development which could have inhibited the country’s adaptability after the mid-1990s. From this perspective, Taiwan’s current institutional imbroglio results from a combination of a complex and somewhat indeterminate constitutional system, a long-time election system that contained some perverse incentives, and its long era of authoritarian rule. This paper, hence, seeks to provide an “institutionalist” explanation for the polarization and gridlock in Taiwan’s politics in the early 21st century.Institucionalna teorija trdi, da razmeroma stabilne ekonomske strukture in politične ureditve tvorijo »institucije«, ki močno oblikujejo prihodnjo politiko in ekonomsko učinkovitost (March and Olsen 1989; North 1990; Riker 1982). Potemtakem bi bilo koristno pogledati politične institucije, ki so nastale med razvojem Tajvana in so morda ovirale njegovo prilagodljivost v drugi polovici 1990ih. Iz tega vidika je tajvanska trenutna institucionalna zapletenost pravzaprav rezultat kombinacije kompleksnega in do neke mere nedoločenega ustavnega sistema, starega volilnega sistema, ki je vseboval sprijene spodbude ter dolge dobe avtoritarnega režima. Pričujoči članek bo zato skušal podati »institucionalno« razlago za polarizacijo in zastoj tajvanske politike v zgodnjem 21. stoletju

Implant Growth Stimulants for Growing and Finishing Cattle.

4 p

Cenozoic Contourites in the Eastern Great Australian Bight, Offshore Southern Australia: Implications For the Onset of the Leeuwin Current

Thermohaline oceanic currents influence global heat transfer, controlling local and global variations in climate, biodiversity, and the terrestrial biosphere. Paleoceanographic studies typically use biostratigraphic and geochemical proxies to reconstruct the dynamics of these currents in Earth's ancient oceans, although seismic reflection data have also been successfully employed, most commonly in the North Atlantic Ocean. Here we use 2D seismic reflection data from the Ceduna Sub-basin, Great Australian Bight, offshore southern Australia, to describe middle Eocene to Recent contourites deposited in an overall carbonate-dominated succession. These deposits comprise large (100 m wavelength by up to 50 m tall) bedforms and deep (10–90 m), wide (up to 3 km) erosional scours. The scours are particularly well developed at one specific stratigraphic level, defining moats that encircle middle Eocene shield volcanoes, which formed syndepositional bathymetric highs. We suggest that sediment erosion, transport, and deposition record middle Eocene initiation of the Leeuwin Current, one of the most important ocean currents in the southern hemisphere. Deepest seabed scouring occurs in the middle of the middle Eocene to Recent sequence, and may reflect middle Miocene waxing of the so-called “proto-Leeuwin Current,” possibly driven by changes in ocean circulation patterns caused by the Miocene Global Optimum. The results of this seismic reflection-based study are consistent with results derived from other paleoceanographic proxies, thereby highlighting the continued key role seismic reflection data have in understanding the occurrence, geographical distribution, and significance of ancient ocean currents

Topographical coloured plasmonic coins

The use of metal nanostructures for colourization has attracted a great deal of interest with the recent developments in plasmonics. However, the current top-down colourization methods based on plasmonic concepts are tedious and time consuming, and thus unviable for large-scale industrial applications. Here we show a bottom-up approach where, upon picosecond laser exposure, a full colour palette independent of viewing angle can be created on noble metals. We show that colours are related to a single laser processing parameter, the total accumulated fluence, which makes this process suitable for high throughput industrial applications. Statistical image analyses of the laser irradiated surfaces reveal various distributions of nanoparticle sizes which control colour. Quantitative comparisons between experiments and large-scale finite-difference time-domain computations, demonstrate that colours are produced by selective absorption phenomena in heterogeneous nanoclusters. Plasmonic cluster resonances are thus found to play the key role in colour formation.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure