Analysis and Evaluation of the Ministry of the Hamilton Community Church to the Unchurched

Problem. During my first eight years in the ministry I was troubled that members did not feel comfortable inviting unchurched seekers to our weekend worship services. I was concerned about the fact that most churches, including mine, were not reaching the unchurched. Method. In 1990 I attended a Pastor’s Conference at the Willow Creek Community Church near Chicago, Illinois, where I learned how their philosophy and strategy for ministry had resulted in great success in reaching the unchurched. In September of 1991 we planted the Hamilton Community Church in Chattanooga, Tennessee using some of the philosophy and strategy of the Willow Creek Community Church to reach the unchurched. Our services included contemporary Christian music, drama, multimedia and other modem forms of communication. We also have offered a wide variety of adult classes. In order to be able to determine whether or not our approach was sound I did a case study in which I reviewed the sociological, cultural, and religious factors related to the unchurched and how they led to the planting of the Hamilton Community Church. Next I explored what the Bible says concerning the methods God has used to reach the lost to determine if what we were doing was in harmony with Scripture. I also reviewed church history to see if there was any others who contextualized the presentation of the gospel as we have been doing. I also examined the writings of Ellen White to find out her views on our type of ministry. Results. There was considerable controversy in our community over the methods we were using, particularly in the areas of music and drama. Our attendance averages around 400. We have had 60 baptisms, twelve of which came from unchurched backgrounds. Approximately 100 inactive Seventh-day Adventists have begun attending church again. Conclusions. In my opinion, the Bible, the writings of Ellen White, and church history all support the contextualization of the presentation of gospel message as we have done when trying to reach the unchurched. The Hamilton Church is headed in the right direction, but our methods need improvement in order to reach larger numbers of unchurched people

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ROVER FUEL PROCESSING AND MOLTEN SALT FLUORIDE VOLATILITY PROCESS DEVELOPMENT STUDIES AT OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY

A complete bibliography was assembled of Rover fuel processing and molten salt fluoride volatility processing research at, or sponsored by, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The bibliography contains open literature references, topical reports, status and progress reports, and technical memoranda. (auth

CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION, UNIT OPERATIONS SECTION MONTHLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR APRIL 1959

A concentration cell electrode was installed in a fritted glass surface and was used to measure the surface KCl concentration while water was being transpired through the surface into a mixed tank of 0.1 M KCl. The results from the first Fluorox run made with crude UF/sub 4/ showed that 85.3% of the theoretical amount of UF/sub 6/ was accounted for, with 17.9% being collected in cold traps and the remainder being consumed in various side reactions. Installation was completed of apparatus to study the electrolytic removal of nickel on an engineering scale from concentrated HRT fuel solution. An extremely low yield stress of 0.02 lb/sq ft was measured for a thoria-urania slurry containing 2.5 wt.% Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and spherical particles of 1.7 micron mean diameter. Preliminary data on the rate of uranium sorption on Dowex 21K from sulfate solutions were correlated with a simple spherical diffusion model. Laboratory scale studies to determine the effect of reflux time, HNO/sub 3/ concentration, and air sparge on chloride removal from APPR-type Darex dissolver product showed that an air sparge is definitely beneficial in chloride removal. Preliminary cyclic cleaning tests showed that boiling 25% caustic solution was adequate for cleaning type F (20 micron) porous metal filter elements fouled in the absence of filter aid with siliceous sludge from Darex solvent extraction feed solutions. Sections of unirradiated stainless steel-clad UO/sub 2/, sheared into lengths of 1/2 in., 1 in., 2 in., and 2 3/4 in., were leached free of UO/sub 2/ with 10 M HNO/sub 3/ in 30, 45, 60, and 75 min, respectively. The abrasive blade cost for the removal of inert end adapters from selected reactor assemblies ranges from 12 for the Gas-Cooled Reactor to 19 for Consolidated Edison. A zirconium dissolution was carried to completion at 600 ction prod- C in a NaF-LiF salt mixture containing initially 23 mol per cent ZrF/sub 4/ at an average rate of 1.3 mg/(cm/sup 2/)(min) with an HF feed rate of 2 lb/hr. The thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity at the center of an 8-in. diameter cake of Darex waste calcined at about 900 ction prod- C were determined as a function of temperature. (For preceding period see CF-59-3-61.) (auth

MyD88 and TRIF mediate the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) induced corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) expression in JEG3 choriocarcinoma cell line

Background: Classically protein kinase A (PKA) and transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP-1) mediate the cyclic AMP (cAMP) induced-corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) expression in the placenta. However enteric Gram (-) bacterial cell wall component lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may also induce-CRH expression via Toll like receptor (TLR)4 and its adaptor molecule Myd88. Here we investigated the role of MyD88, TRIF and IRAK2 on cAMP-induced CRH promoter activation in JEG3 cells in the absence of LPS/TLR4 stimulation. Methods: JEG3 cells were transfected with CRH-luciferase and Beta-galactosidase expression vectors and either empty or dominant-negative (DN)-MyD88, DN-TRIF or DN-IRAK2 vectors using Fugene6 (Roche). cAMP-induced CRH promoter activation was examined by using a luminometer and luciferase assay. Calorimetric Beta-galactosidase assays were performed to correct for transfection efficiency. Luciferase expression vectors of cAMP-downstream molecules, CRE and AP-1, were used to further examine the signaling cascades. Results: cAMP stimulation induced AP-1 and CRE promoter expression and led to dose-dependent CRH promoter activation in JEG3 cells. Inhibition of MyD88 signaling blocked cAMP-induced CRE and CRH promoter activation. Inhibition of TRIF signaling blocked cAMP-induced CRH but not CRE expression, while inhibition of IRAK2 did not have an effect on cAMP-induced CRH expression. Conclusion: MyD88 and TRIF exert direct regulatory effect on cAMP-induced CRH promoter activation in JEG3 cells in the absence of infection. MyD88 most likely interacts with molecules upstream of IRAK2 to regulate cAMP-induced CRH expression

CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION, UNIT OPERATIONS SECTION MONTHLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR JANUARY 1958

Absolute calibration of neutron yields from a polonium nitrate- fluorocarbon interface gave 8 neutrons/min, sq cm, mc/ml. In two Fluorox fluidized bed reactor runs UF/sub 6/ recoveries of 47 and 70% theoretical were attained. Washing and descaling operations for Loop P-1 have been completed. Preliminary studies of ThO/sub 2/ classification by hydroclones showed that particles as small as 0.5 micron could be classified. Continuous, self- sustaining operation of the Darex dissolver, stripper, and reflux condenser was maintained during a 48-hr period. Uranium losses to the sublimate were less than 0.1% in a 24 hr Zircex run. A 32 hr dissolution run was completed in which a fuel element fabricated of Zircaloy-3 was dissolved in a NaF-ZrF/sub 4/ fused salt. (auth

CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION UNIT OPERATIONS SECTION MONTHLY PROGRESS REPORT, FEBRUARY 1958

The alpha activity for scintillation area measurement was estimated to be 10/sup -6/ of that for the ( alpha ,n) methcd. The UF/sub 6/ recovery during Run FBR-16 was 67.3% of the theoretical recovery for the Fluorox reaction. Hydroclones were used for collection of thoria loop slurries with recoveries exceeding 99%. Flame calcination studies were continued with thoria dispersed in methanol by oxalic acid, using graphite and zirconia reflected burners and acetyleneoxygen flame. Equations for complex ion formation in 4/-H/sub 2/O systems were solved for a few hypothetical solution compositions. A continuous Darex dissolution and stripping run was carried out for 32 hours with chloride removal in the product to 100 ppm. A nine pound section of a fuel element was completely hydrochlorinated in 24 hours with an HCI utilization of 70% and uranium losses to the ZrCl/sub 4/ sublimate of 0.07%. The specific dissolution rate for the fused salt dissolution of Zircaloy-3 was propcrtional to the logarithm of the HF feed rate. One percent of the initial ore resistant t activity and fourteen percent of the initial activity was leached by distilled water from a 900 tained C fired sinter of concentrated fission products in a mix of shale and limestone (Mix 15). (For preceding period see CF- 58-2-139.) (J.R.D.

Chemical Technology Division, Unit Operations Section Monthly Progress Report for June 1959

The addition of a surface active agent to an aqueousorganic interface produced a resistance to mass transfer equivalent to slightly more than 1 cm of water. Five semicontinuous Druhm runs were made with 1/2-in. thick MgO liners and terminated due to either failures of the UF/sub 6/ nozzle or a top gasket leak. In preliminary scale-up tests of the flame calcination equipment, a maximum feed rate equivalent to 720 g oxides/hr was achieved using a 3-in. i.d. magnesia reflector with an outside wall temperature of 1500 ction prod- C. In a test with a light water feed, 99% Cu, 25% Ni, and 0% Mn were removed from a UO/ sub 2/SO/sub 4/ solution by electrolysis with a mercury cathode in 7800 ampere hours. The effect of varying the total sulfate concentration on the kinetics of the absorption of uranyl sulfate on Dowex 21K at a uranium concentration of 0.005779 M and a sulfuric acid concentration of 0.020 M was studied in a series of runs using a stirred bath containing enriched uranium. Chloride was removed to 64 ppm in Yankee Atomic and to 70 ppm in APPR solvent extraction feeds using a reference Darex flowsheet with air sparging during a two hour reflux period in the 10-in. prototype titanium feed adjustment tank. Soluble uranium contained in a filter cake deposited onto a 20 micron porous metallic star shaped filter from approximately twenty-one liters of Darex solvent extraction feed solution was recovered to 99.9% by a single 5 liter water wash of the cake. An experimental Redox solvent extraction program was completed. Shear blade evaluation tests have begun at Birdsboro and Clearing under subcontract and will be completed by July 1. Tests were made on the separation of water associated with sheared material through porous bottom baskets as would be required in wet shearing concepts. Consolidated Edison prototype elements assembled with ductile Coast Metals 50 brazing metal could not be disassembled with the impact wedge previously successfully used to disassemble elements made up with brittle Nicrobraze 50. A reactor and condenser system designed to sublime ZrF/sub 4/ from the hydrofluorinator to a separate receiver at temperatures above 902 ction prod- C was operated at condensation rates between 150 and 500 g per hour of ZrF/sub 4/. The thermal conductivities of granular Darex, Purex, and TBP-25 calcined solids were in the range of 0.043 to 0.097 Btu/hr sq ft ( ction prod- F/ft) at room temperature. (For preceding period see CF-59-5-47.) (auth

CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION, UNIT OPERATIONS SECTION MONTHLY PROGRESS REPORT FOR AUGUST 1959

The measured diffusivity of uranyl nitrate in water at 25 ction prod- C was 0.7 x 10/sup -6/ cm/sup 2//sec with about 40% average deviation. A program was started to develop nonnuclear uses for depleted uranium. Two continuous DRUHM reaction runs were terminated due to erratic operation of the sodium metering system. In the second Fluorox run with crude UF/sub 4/ which lasted for 29 hr, a total material balance of 94.8% was obtained and 17.9% of the theoretical amount of UF/sub 6/ was collected in cold traps and chemical traps. Room temperature flow rate-pressure drop calibrations of a multiclone (thirteen 0.60-in. diam hydroclones in parallel) for installation with the HRT replacement circulating pump were completed. Mixed oxides of U : Th = 0.08 : 1 and all have low yield stresses of 0.02 to 0.05 lb/sq ft compared to 0.2 to 1.0 lb/sq ft for normal Th-U or Th oxides of 1.5 to 2.5 micron mean diameter. The rates of uranium anion exchange from solutions containing between 0.025 and 0.20 M sulfate were measured and apparent uranium diffusion coefficients between 1.2 x 10/sup -7/ cm/sup 2//sec and 1.6 x 10/sup -7/ cm/sup 2//sec were calculated. In bench scale studies, the Darex reference flowsheet was successfully applied to stainless steel-clad UO/sub 2/ fuels (Yankee Atomic) and to aluminumuranium foreign reactor fuels. The corrosion of titanium A-55 was measured in the vapor and liquid phases of a modified boiling Thorex dissolvent (13 M HNO/sub 3/, 0.04 M F/sup -/, 0.1 M H/sub 3/BO/sub 3/) containing 0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 M thorium from dissolved Consolidated Edison pellets and the maximum corrosion rate was 0.6 mils/ month. Siliceous filter cakes resulting from the filtration of Darex solvent extraction feed solutions through porous metal filter elements were easily washed to a uranium loss of 0.1% in the discarded cake. A run with an acid-deficient Darex-Redox feed containing soluble silica resulted in uranium losses higher by a factor of 20 than those previously obtained in the same column with a standard Redox feed. Batch leaching of sheared pieces, 1/2 in. to 5 in. long, of PWR reject UO/sub 2/ pellets clad with stainless steel, 0.40 in. o.d. with 0.10 in. wall, in boiling 10 M HNO/sub 3/ (173% excess) was completed in 70 to 245 min. Dissolution test runs of Zr-2 in fused salt made at approximately 700 ction prod- C under identical conditions except for HF feed rate resulted in dissolution rates of 1.87 and 2.68 mg/min-sq cm for 2.5 and 6.0 lb/hr HF feed rate, respectively. Purex and TBP-25 evaporated wastes were calcined at 900 to 1000 ction prod- C resulting in solid wastes which had densities of 0.77 to 0.83 and 0.40 to 0.45 g/cc, respectively. (For preceding period see CF-59-4-47.) (auth

Global seasonal influenza mortality estimates:a comparison of three different approaches

Prior to updating global influenza-associated mortality estimates, the World Health Organization convened a consultation in July 2017 to understand differences in methodology and implications for results of 3 influenza mortality projects from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Netherlands Institute for Health Service Research’s Global Pandemic Mortality Project II (GLaMOR), and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). The expert panel reviewed estimates and discussed differences in data sources, analysis, and modeling assumptions. We performed a comparison analysis of the estimates. Influenza-associated respiratory death counts were comparable between CDC and GLaMOR; the IHME estimate was considerably lower. The greatest country-specific influenza-associated fold differences in mortality rate between CDC and IHME estimates and between GLaMOR and IHME estimates were among countries in Southeast Asia and the Eastern Mediterranean region. The data envelope used for the calculation was one of the major differences (CDC and GLaMOR: all respiratory deaths; IHME: lower-respiratory infection deaths). With the assumption that there is only one cause of death for each death, IHME estimates a fraction of the full influenza-associated respiratory mortality that is measured by the other 2 groups. Wide variability of parameters was observed. Continued coordination between groups could assist with better understanding of methodological differences and new approaches to estimating influenza deaths globally