11 research outputs found

    Réponses de populations de poissons au stress chimique en milieux estuariens (intégration des réponses moléculaires, biochimiques et immunotoxicologiques)

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    Les milieux cĂŽtiers et estuariens sont aujourd hui particuliĂšrement impactĂ©s par les activitĂ©s anthropiques qui se traduisent par des stress multiples s exerçant sur les populations aquatiques (stress chimique, thermique, hypoxique, ). La prĂ©sence de cocktails de polluants complexes dans les eaux peut avoir des consĂ©quences non seulement sur les Ă©cosystĂšmes aquatiques, mais Ă©galement sur les populations humaines situĂ©es au sommet de la chaĂźne trophique. Au cours de ce travail de thĂšse, deux Ă©tudes ont Ă©tĂ© menĂ©es parallĂšlement en France et au QuĂ©bec, sur deux poissons considĂ©rĂ©s comme des espĂšces sentinelles en milieux estuariens, respectivement le flet (Platichthys flesus) et le poulamon (Microgadus tomcod). Une batterie de biomarqueurs a Ă©tĂ© mise en Ɠuvre, en considĂ©rant diffĂ©rents niveaux d organisation biologique, c est-Ă -dire en analysant les rĂ©ponses au stress chimique du niveau molĂ©culaire au niveau individuel (expression de gĂšnes, activitĂ© de dĂ©toxification, fonctionnement du systĂšme immunitaire, mĂ©tabolisme Ă©nergĂ©tique, indices de condition). L objectif principal de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait de rechercher les biomarqueurs les plus pertinents pour Ă©valuer la qualitĂ© des Ă©cosystĂšmes estuariens, en prenant en compte les spĂ©cificitĂ©s des milieux contaminĂ©s et des espĂšces sentinelles.Dans un premier temps, la rĂ©ponse du flet a Ă©tĂ© explorĂ©e en conditions contrĂŽlĂ©es, aprĂšs une contamination de 29 jours avec un cocktail de HAPs et PCBs Ă  des doses environnementales, suivie de 14 jours de rĂ©cupĂ©ration. Le cocktail de polluants, administrĂ© par l alimentation, affecte le systĂšme immunitaire et induit des processus de dĂ©toxification et des dommages Ă  l ADN. L augmentation de l expression du composant C3 du complĂ©ment et du TNF-receptor suggĂšre que les polluants provoquent une rĂ©ponse inflammatoire au niveau du foie. La mesure du lysozyme apparait comme l un des marqueurs les plus sensibles du systĂšme immunitaire face aux contaminants. Enfin, cette Ă©tude met en Ă©vidence une corrĂ©lation entre l expression du gĂšne Cytochrome P450 1A1 et les dommages Ă  l ADN.Ces marqueurs ont Ă©tĂ© dans un second temps mis en Ɠuvre dans l analyse des rĂ©ponses de populations naturelles de flet puis de poulamon Ă  la contamination chimique. Il apparait dans ces deux Ă©tudes que la rĂ©ponse du systĂšme immunitaire est complexe, certaines fonctions Ă©tant inhibĂ©es (capacitĂ© de phagocytose) alors que d autres sont activĂ©es en prĂ©sence de polluants (expression du C3 et du TNF-R, prolifĂ©ration lymphocytaire). De plus, l approche multiparamĂštres confirme que certains marqueurs testĂ©s en laboratoire peuvent ĂȘtre Ă©galement pertinents pour diagnostiquer la qualitĂ© des milieux estuariens. Les Ă©tudes rĂ©alisĂ©es sur les populations de flet et de poulamon montrent un diffĂ©rentiel entre sites contaminĂ©es versus sites tĂ©moins, au niveau de plusieurs biomarqueurs (mĂ©tabolisme Ă©nergĂ©tique, activitĂ©s de dĂ©toxification, rĂ©ponses immunitaires, indices de condition), selon les sites Ă©chantillonnĂ©s et l Ăąge des poissons (cohortes 0+ ou 1+).Coastal and estuarine environments are mainly impacted by anthropogenic activities that lead to several stress (chemical and/or thermal stress, hypoxia ). Presence of complex mixtures of contaminants could create serious damages in aquatic ecosystems and also in human populations.During this work, two studies were carried out in France and QuĂ©bec, on two species: the European flounder (Platichthys flesus) and the Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus tomcod), these fishes being considered as sentinel species of the water estuarine quality. A multi-parameter approach was conducted considering the fish responses to the chemical stress, from molecular to individual levels (gene expression, detoxification process, functioning of the immune system, energetic metabolism and condition index). The main objective of this study was to identify the more pertinent biomarkers to evaluate the estuarine water quality.Firstly, the flounder responses were studied in controlled conditions after 29 days of contamination with environmentally relevant concentrations of PAHs and PCBs in food, followed by a 14 days recovery period. The contaminated diet impacted the immune system and showed an increase of the detoxification process and of the DNA damages. Up-regulation of the complement C3 and TNF-receptor gene expressions could be explain by an inflammatory response in liver. The lysozyme level was also impacted and appeared to be the more sensitive immune parameter to the chemical stress. This study underlined a significant correlation between the Cytochrome P450 1A1 expression level and the DNA damage.Secondly, the previous markers were explored on the flounder and the tomcod, considering the fish population responses to contaminants in the field. These two studies underlined the complexity of the immune responses to contamination, some functions being inhibited (capacity of phagocytosis) whereas others being enhanced (expression of C3 and TNF-R, proliferation of lymphocytes). Moreover, this multiparameter approach confirmed the pertinence of several markers in experimental conditions as in the field. This study carried out on flounder and tomcod populations showed differential responses of populations in contaminated vs in pristine sites (particularly considering: energetic metabolism, detoxification process, immune response and condition index), linked to fish aging (0+ vs 1+ cohorts).BREST-SCD-Bib. electronique (290199901) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Responses of fish populations to chemical stress in estuaries : molecular, biochemical and immunotoxicologic approach

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    Les milieux cĂŽtiers et estuariens sont aujourd’hui particuliĂšrement impactĂ©s par les activitĂ©s anthropiques qui se traduisent par des stress multiples s’exerçant sur les populations aquatiques (stress chimique, thermique, hypoxique,
). La prĂ©sence de cocktails de polluants complexes dans les eaux peut avoir des consĂ©quences non seulement sur les Ă©cosystĂšmes aquatiques, mais Ă©galement sur les populations humaines situĂ©es au sommet de la chaĂźne trophique. Au cours de ce travail de thĂšse, deux Ă©tudes ont Ă©tĂ© menĂ©es parallĂšlement en France et au QuĂ©bec, sur deux poissons considĂ©rĂ©s comme des espĂšces sentinelles en milieux estuariens, respectivement le flet (Platichthys flesus) et le poulamon (Microgadus tomcod). Une batterie de biomarqueurs a Ă©tĂ© mise en Ɠuvre, en considĂ©rant diffĂ©rents niveaux d’organisation biologique, c’est-Ă -dire en analysant les rĂ©ponses au stress chimique du niveau molĂ©culaire au niveau individuel (expression de gĂšnes, activitĂ© de dĂ©toxification, fonctionnement du systĂšme immunitaire, mĂ©tabolisme Ă©nergĂ©tique, indices de condition). L’objectif principal de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait de rechercher les biomarqueurs les plus pertinents pour Ă©valuer la qualitĂ© des Ă©cosystĂšmes estuariens, en prenant en compte les spĂ©cificitĂ©s des milieux contaminĂ©s et des espĂšces sentinelles.Dans un premier temps, la rĂ©ponse du flet a Ă©tĂ© explorĂ©e en conditions contrĂŽlĂ©es, aprĂšs une contamination de 29 jours avec un cocktail de HAPs et PCBs Ă  des doses environnementales, suivie de 14 jours de rĂ©cupĂ©ration. Le cocktail de polluants, administrĂ© par l’alimentation, affecte le systĂšme immunitaire et induit des processus de dĂ©toxification et des dommages Ă  l’ADN. L’augmentation de l’expression du composant C3 du complĂ©ment et du TNF-receptor suggĂšre que les polluants provoquent une rĂ©ponse inflammatoire au niveau du foie. La mesure du lysozyme apparait comme l’un des marqueurs les plus sensibles du systĂšme immunitaire face aux contaminants. Enfin, cette Ă©tude met en Ă©vidence une corrĂ©lation entre l’expression du gĂšne Cytochrome P450 1A1 et les dommages Ă  l’ADN.Ces marqueurs ont Ă©tĂ© dans un second temps mis en Ɠuvre dans l’analyse des rĂ©ponses de populations naturelles de flet puis de poulamon Ă  la contamination chimique. Il apparait dans ces deux Ă©tudes que la rĂ©ponse du systĂšme immunitaire est complexe, certaines fonctions Ă©tant inhibĂ©es (capacitĂ© de phagocytose) alors que d’autres sont activĂ©es en prĂ©sence de polluants (expression du C3 et du TNF-R, prolifĂ©ration lymphocytaire). De plus, l’approche multiparamĂštres confirme que certains marqueurs testĂ©s en laboratoire peuvent ĂȘtre Ă©galement pertinents pour diagnostiquer la qualitĂ© des milieux estuariens. Les Ă©tudes rĂ©alisĂ©es sur les populations de flet et de poulamon montrent un diffĂ©rentiel entre sites contaminĂ©es versus sites tĂ©moins, au niveau de plusieurs biomarqueurs (mĂ©tabolisme Ă©nergĂ©tique, activitĂ©s de dĂ©toxification, rĂ©ponses immunitaires, indices de condition), selon les sites Ă©chantillonnĂ©s et l’ñge des poissons (cohortes 0+ ou 1+).Coastal and estuarine environments are mainly impacted by anthropogenic activities that lead to several stress (chemical and/or thermal stress, hypoxia
). Presence of complex mixtures of contaminants could create serious damages in aquatic ecosystems and also in human populations.During this work, two studies were carried out in France and QuĂ©bec, on two species: the European flounder (Platichthys flesus) and the Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus tomcod), these fishes being considered as sentinel species of the water estuarine quality. A multi-parameter approach was conducted considering the fish responses to the chemical stress, from molecular to individual levels (gene expression, detoxification process, functioning of the immune system, energetic metabolism and condition index). The main objective of this study was to identify the more pertinent biomarkers to evaluate the estuarine water quality.Firstly, the flounder responses were studied in controlled conditions after 29 days of contamination with environmentally relevant concentrations of PAHs and PCBs in food, followed by a 14 days recovery period. The contaminated diet impacted the immune system and showed an increase of the detoxification process and of the DNA damages. Up-regulation of the complement C3 and TNF-receptor gene expressions could be explain by an inflammatory response in liver. The lysozyme level was also impacted and appeared to be the more sensitive immune parameter to the chemical stress. This study underlined a significant correlation between the Cytochrome P450 1A1 expression level and the DNA damage.Secondly, the previous markers were explored on the flounder and the tomcod, considering the fish population responses to contaminants in the field. These two studies underlined the complexity of the immune responses to contamination, some functions being inhibited (capacity of phagocytosis) whereas others being enhanced (expression of C3 and TNF-R, proliferation of lymphocytes). Moreover, this multiparameter approach confirmed the pertinence of several markers in experimental conditions as in the field. This study carried out on flounder and tomcod populations showed differential responses of populations in contaminated vs in pristine sites (particularly considering: energetic metabolism, detoxification process, immune response and condition index), linked to fish aging (0+ vs 1+ cohorts)

    Réponses de populations de poissons au stress chimique en milieux estuariens : intégration des réponses moléculaires, biochimiques et immunotoxicologiques

    No full text
    Coastal and estuarine environments are mainly impacted by anthropogenic activities that lead to several stress (chemical and/or thermal stress, hypoxia
). Presence of complex mixtures of contaminants could create serious damages in aquatic ecosystems and also in human populations.During this work, two studies were carried out in France and QuĂ©bec, on two species: the European flounder (Platichthys flesus) and the Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus tomcod), these fishes being considered as sentinel species of the water estuarine quality. A multi-parameter approach was conducted considering the fish responses to the chemical stress, from molecular to individual levels (gene expression, detoxification process, functioning of the immune system, energetic metabolism and condition index). The main objective of this study was to identify the more pertinent biomarkers to evaluate the estuarine water quality.Firstly, the flounder responses were studied in controlled conditions after 29 days of contamination with environmentally relevant concentrations of PAHs and PCBs in food, followed by a 14 days recovery period. The contaminated diet impacted the immune system and showed an increase of the detoxification process and of the DNA damages. Up-regulation of the complement C3 and TNF-receptor gene expressions could be explain by an inflammatory response in liver. The lysozyme level was also impacted and appeared to be the more sensitive immune parameter to the chemical stress. This study underlined a significant correlation between the Cytochrome P450 1A1 expression level and the DNA damage.Secondly, the previous markers were explored on the flounder and the tomcod, considering the fish population responses to contaminants in the field. These two studies underlined the complexity of the immune responses to contamination, some functions being inhibited (capacity of phagocytosis) whereas others being enhanced (expression of C3 and TNF-R, proliferation of lymphocytes). Moreover, this multiparameter approach confirmed the pertinence of several markers in experimental conditions as in the field. This study carried out on flounder and tomcod populations showed differential responses of populations in contaminated vs in pristine sites (particularly considering: energetic metabolism, detoxification process, immune response and condition index), linked to fish aging (0+ vs 1+ cohorts).Les milieux cĂŽtiers et estuariens sont aujourd’hui particuliĂšrement impactĂ©s par les activitĂ©s anthropiques qui se traduisent par des stress multiples s’exerçant sur les populations aquatiques (stress chimique, thermique, hypoxique,
). La prĂ©sence de cocktails de polluants complexes dans les eaux peut avoir des consĂ©quences non seulement sur les Ă©cosystĂšmes aquatiques, mais Ă©galement sur les populations humaines situĂ©es au sommet de la chaĂźne trophique. Au cours de ce travail de thĂšse, deux Ă©tudes ont Ă©tĂ© menĂ©es parallĂšlement en France et au QuĂ©bec, sur deux poissons considĂ©rĂ©s comme des espĂšces sentinelles en milieux estuariens, respectivement le flet (Platichthys flesus) et le poulamon (Microgadus tomcod). Une batterie de biomarqueurs a Ă©tĂ© mise en Ɠuvre, en considĂ©rant diffĂ©rents niveaux d’organisation biologique, c’est-Ă -dire en analysant les rĂ©ponses au stress chimique du niveau molĂ©culaire au niveau individuel (expression de gĂšnes, activitĂ© de dĂ©toxification, fonctionnement du systĂšme immunitaire, mĂ©tabolisme Ă©nergĂ©tique, indices de condition). L’objectif principal de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait de rechercher les biomarqueurs les plus pertinents pour Ă©valuer la qualitĂ© des Ă©cosystĂšmes estuariens, en prenant en compte les spĂ©cificitĂ©s des milieux contaminĂ©s et des espĂšces sentinelles.Dans un premier temps, la rĂ©ponse du flet a Ă©tĂ© explorĂ©e en conditions contrĂŽlĂ©es, aprĂšs une contamination de 29 jours avec un cocktail de HAPs et PCBs Ă  des doses environnementales, suivie de 14 jours de rĂ©cupĂ©ration. Le cocktail de polluants, administrĂ© par l’alimentation, affecte le systĂšme immunitaire et induit des processus de dĂ©toxification et des dommages Ă  l’ADN. L’augmentation de l’expression du composant C3 du complĂ©ment et du TNF-receptor suggĂšre que les polluants provoquent une rĂ©ponse inflammatoire au niveau du foie. La mesure du lysozyme apparait comme l’un des marqueurs les plus sensibles du systĂšme immunitaire face aux contaminants. Enfin, cette Ă©tude met en Ă©vidence une corrĂ©lation entre l’expression du gĂšne Cytochrome P450 1A1 et les dommages Ă  l’ADN.Ces marqueurs ont Ă©tĂ© dans un second temps mis en Ɠuvre dans l’analyse des rĂ©ponses de populations naturelles de flet puis de poulamon Ă  la contamination chimique. Il apparait dans ces deux Ă©tudes que la rĂ©ponse du systĂšme immunitaire est complexe, certaines fonctions Ă©tant inhibĂ©es (capacitĂ© de phagocytose) alors que d’autres sont activĂ©es en prĂ©sence de polluants (expression du C3 et du TNF-R, prolifĂ©ration lymphocytaire). De plus, l’approche multiparamĂštres confirme que certains marqueurs testĂ©s en laboratoire peuvent ĂȘtre Ă©galement pertinents pour diagnostiquer la qualitĂ© des milieux estuariens. Les Ă©tudes rĂ©alisĂ©es sur les populations de flet et de poulamon montrent un diffĂ©rentiel entre sites contaminĂ©es versus sites tĂ©moins, au niveau de plusieurs biomarqueurs (mĂ©tabolisme Ă©nergĂ©tique, activitĂ©s de dĂ©toxification, rĂ©ponses immunitaires, indices de condition), selon les sites Ă©chantillonnĂ©s et l’ñge des poissons (cohortes 0+ ou 1+)

    A multibiomarker approach on the Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus tomcod) in the St. Lawrence Estuary.

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    This work was conducted in the environmental immunotoxicology laboratory at Institut Armand Frappier (IAF-INRS). Financial support has been provided by the Canada Research Chair in Environmental Immunotoxicology (Dr. Michel Fournier) and CollĂšge Doctoral International de l'UniversitĂ© europĂ©enne de Bretagne. This study was also supported by the INTERREG IV program (DIESE): 50 % of the Ph.D. grant was obtained by the first author, for the development of immune markers in ecotoxicology.International audienceA multibiomarker approach was developed on juvenile Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus tomcod) to evaluate the pertinence of this approach for low-cost screening assessment of the environmental quality of various coastal sites within estuaries. Several biometric indices and biomarkers (ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, metallothionein concentration, and immune responses) were investigated on immature and maturing tomcods (≀ 31 months) collected in four environmentally contrasted sites in the St. Lawrence Estuary (SLE). Simultaneous examination of various age classes provides the opportunity to detect short-term responses in sensitive young-of-the-year fish (e.g., EROD induction) and longer-time effects associated with chronic exposure and bioaccumulation (e.g., metallothionein induction). Principal component analysis was helpful to discriminate between responses possibly related to contaminant exposure (EROD, metallothionein) and responses that could be affected by upstream-downstream gradient (immune response, biometric indices). Measurement of a battery of biomarkers in young tomcods at several sites along the shore of the SLE is a low-cost screening investigation useful to identify hot spots requiring further investigation with chemical analysis and additional reference sites

    Proteomic analysis of the European flounder Platichthys flesus response to experimental PAH–PCB contamination

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    International audiencePlatichthys flesus is often used as a sentinel species to monitor the estuarine water quality. In this study, we carried out an experimental contamination of fish using a PAHs/PCBs mixture, which was designed to mimic the concentrations found in the Seine estuary (C1) and 10 times these concentrations (C2). We used a proteomic approach to understand the molecular mechanisms implied in the response of P. flesus to these xenobiotics. We showed that 54 proteins were differentially accumulated in one or several conditions, which 34 displayed accumulation factors higher than two. 18 of these proteins were identified by MALDI TOF-TOF mass spectrometry. The results indicated the deregulation of oxidative stress- and glutathione metabolism-(GST, GPx) proteins as well as of several proteins belonging to the betaine demethylation pathway and the methionine cycle (BHMT, SHMT, SAHH), suggesting a role for these different pathways in the P. flesus response to chemical contamination

    Responses of the European flounder (Platichthys flesus) to a mixture of PAHs and PCBs in experimental conditions.

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    International audience: A multibiomarker approach was developed to evaluate the juvenile European flounder responses to a complex mixture of 9 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 12 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Exposure was performed through contaminated food pellets displaying: (1) PAH and PCB levels similar to those detected in the heavily polluted Seine estuary, respectively in sediments and in flatfish and (2) ten times these concentrations. Several biomarkers of the immune system (e.g., lysozyme concentration and gene expression of complement component C3 and TNF-receptor), DNA damage (e.g., Comet assay), energetic metabolism (e.g., activity of cytochrome C oxidase), detoxification process (e.g., cytochrome P450 1A1 expression level: CYP1A1; betaine homocysteine methyl transferase expression level: BHMT) were investigated after 14 and 29 days of contamination, followed by a 14-days recovery period. After 29 days of contamination, the detoxification activity (CYP1A1 expression level) was positively correlated with DNA damages; the increase of the BHMT expression level could also be related to the detoxification process. Furthermore, after the recovery period, some biomarkers were still upregulated (i.e., CYP1A1 and BHMT expression levels). The immune system was significantly modulated by the chemical stress at the two concentration levels, and the lysozyme appeared to be the most sensitive marker of the mixture impact
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