The Vertical Integration Strategies Approach for Organizational Risk Reduction

The vertical integration decision poses strategicchallenges for a firm’s marketing channels’decision prerogatives which drive its businessstrategy. This paper explicates those putativebenefits of vertical integration as organizationalstrategy adopted by firms for alleviatingrespective transaction costs and optimizingfunctional governances of the business system inthe enterprise. The discourse concentrates on thedynamics of the varied vertical integrationmechanisms like joint ventures, mergers, andcontracting agreements practiced by firms toserve as risk reduction strategies in the businessexchange process

Effects Of Risks On Online Consumers Purchasing Behavior: Are They Risk-Averse Or Risk-Taking?

Since the beginning of e-commerce, trustworthiness of commercial web sites has been a constant issue, and, very likely, it will continue to be. When an online shopper cannot trust a web site where he or she intends to make a purchase, the online shopper would perceive a risk of transactional security and a risk of privacy of personal information. In regard to this perceived risk in online transactions, this study is set out to find the change in the level of perceived risk in Business-to-Consumer (B2C) e-commerce and to test whether or not consumers trust a web-centric company at their first visit to the companys web site. Two major findings of this study are that about one third of those surveyed for the study feel an increased risk in B2C online transactions over the previous year, and that absolute majority of them have never or rarely shopped on a web site they are not familiar with. It is further found that even an attractive deal cannot affect the risk-averse behavior of online shopping. From the findings of the study, it is concluded that risk-averse online shopping behavior is a manifestation of increased perceived risk in B2C online transactions

Commercial Practices In The Ancient Indian Peninsula: Glimpses From Kautilyas Arthashastra

Very few westerners ever heard of Chanakya, a.k.a Kautilya. Kautilya is credited with compiling the treatise on statecraft called the Arthashastra. This treatise contains fifteen distinct chapters or parts encompassing all components of statesmanship that a ruler needs to run the affairs of his kingdom. This paper briefly narrates some of the commercial practices prevalent in Ancient India enumerated in Kautilyas Arthashastra during the Mauryan period

Dental Treatment Options for Snoring - A Pilot Study

This study compared the effectiveness of an anterior repositioning device, the Silent Nite®, to two new treatments in their ability to stop/reduce snoring. Comfort and side effects of each treatment were also evaluated. Twenty-three subjects, in good medical condition along with their spouse/partner participated in the five-week study. A disposable sleep apnea screener, SleepStrip,™ was used to select only non-sleep apnea patients. The treatments tested were: (1) Silent Nite® (control - Treatment A), (2) Loma Linda Appliance (Treatment B), and (3) Snore Tape (Treatment C). Each participant received all three treatments separated by a one week wash-out period of no treatments. The subjects and their spouse/partner completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the study and following each week of treatment. The data were statistically analyzed using a non-parametric technique at the significance level α = 0.05 to detect significant differences in the effectiveness among the three treatments. Overall treatment results showed no statistically significant difference among all three treatments (p=0.6657). According to the spouse/partner, 78.26% (18), 52.17% (12), and 73.91% (17) reported Treatment A, Treatment B, and Treatment C respectively, stopped/reduced the patient\u27s snoring. This indicated a statistically significant difference between Treatment A and Treatment B (p=0.0213), but not between Treatment A and Treatment C (p=0.3018) or Treatment B and Treatment C (p=0.3323). However, according to the patient, 65.23% (15), 43.48% (10), and 47.83% (11) reported that Treatment A, Treatment B, and Treatment C respectively, stopped/reduced their snoring. These values were not statistically significantly different (p=0.5558). Overall side effects resulting from Treatment A were signficantly greater than Treatment C (p=0.0135). Treatment A caused significantly greater tooth discomfort (p=0.0005), occlusal changes (p=0.0013), TMJ pain (p=0.0063), and TMJ noises (p=0.0361) than Treatment C. Sleep habits (p=0.2382) and compliance with the instructions given at the start of the study (p=0.3942) were not statistically different for all treatment methods. Despite the small sample size, the spouse/partner found the Silent Nite and the Snore Tape (patent pending) to be equally effective in reducing/stopping snoring. However, the patients found the Snore Tape (patent pending) to be more comfortable, have fewer side effects, and may be more cost-effective

Présentation du thesaurus des entités morphostructurales et des champs pétrolifères du monde

Le thesaurus des entités morphostructurales et des champs pétrolifères du monde a été entrepris pour permettre une harmonisation des nomenclatures et des présentations dans l'utilisation de noms propres désignant des entités administratives, géomorphologiques et structurales. Des exemples extraits de la partie a « Canada » du thesaurus permettent de comprendre à la fois la structure et la finalité de l'ouvrage qui est présenté dans cet article

Classification of genus 2 curves over F2n\mathbb{F}_{2^n} and optimization of their arithmetic

To obtain efficient cryptosystems based on hyperelliptic curves, we studied genus 2 isomorphism classes of hyperelliptic curves in characteristic 2. We found general and optimal form for these curves, just as the short Weierstrass form for elliptic curves. We studied the security and the arithmetic on their jacobian. We also rewrote and optimized the formulas of Lange in characteristic 2, and we introduced a new system of coordinate. Therefore, we deduced the best form of hyperelliptic curves of genus 2 in characteristic 2 to use in cryptography

Présentation du thesaurus des entités morphostructurales et des champs pétrolifères du monde Annoucing the Thesaurus of Morphosstructural Entities and Oil Fiels of the World

Le thesaurus des entités morphostructurales et des champs pétrolifères du monde a été entrepris pour permettre une harmonisation des nomenclatures et des présentations dans l'utilisation de noms propres désignant des entités administratives, géomorphologiques et structurales. Des exemples extraits de la partie a « Canada » du thesaurus permettent de comprendre à la fois la structure et la finalité de l'ouvrage qui est présenté dans cet article. The Thesaurus of Morphostructural Entities and Oil Fields of the World has been compiled for the purpose of harmonizing nomenclatures and presentations in the use of proper nouns designating administrative, geomorphological and structural entities. Examples taken from the section of the thesaurus on " Canada " are used to explain both the structure and the finality of the work described in this article

Classification of genus 2 curves over F2 n and optimization of their arithmetic

To obtain efficient cryptosystems based on hyperelliptic curves, we studied genus 2 isomorphism classes of hyperelliptic curves in characteristic 2. We found general and optimal form for these curves, just as the short Weierstrass form for elliptic curves. We studied the security and the arithmetic on their jacobian. We also rewrote and optimized the formulas of Lange in characteristic 2, and we introduced a new system of coordinate. Therefore, we deduced the best form of hyperelliptic curves of genus 2 in characteristic 2 to use in cryptography

Classification of genus 2 curves over F2 n and optimization of their arithmetic

To obtain efficient cryptosystems based on hyperelliptic curves, we studied genus 2 isomorphism classes of hyperelliptic curves in characteristic 2. We found general and optimal form for these curves, just as the short Weierstrass form for elliptic curves. We studied the security and the arithmetic on their jacobian. We also rewrote and optimized the formulas of Lange in characteristic 2, and we introduced a new system of coordinate. Therefore, we deduced the best form of hyperelliptic curves of genus 2 in characteristic 2 to use in cryptography