Sulfur oxidizing capacity of California desert soils

Sulfur oxidation in desert soils due to bacterial activit

Systematic description and key to isolants from Atacama Desert, Chile

Isolation and identification of desert soil microorganism from Chil

Systematic description and key to isolants from Little Lake volcanic area, California Progress report

Descriptive charts on bacteria isolated from soils of Little Lake volcanic area in Californi

Quantifying the potential for reservoirs to secure future surface water yields in the world's largest river basins

Surface water reservoirs provide us with reliable water supply, hydropower generation, flood control and recreation services. Yet, reservoirs also cause flow fragmentation in rivers and lead to flooding of upstream areas, thereby displacing existing land-use activities and ecosystems. Anticipated population growth and development coupled with climate change in many regions of the globe suggests a critical need to assess the potential for future reservoir capacity to help balance rising water demands with long-term water availability. Here, we assess the potential of large-scale reservoirs to provide reliable surface water yields while also considering environmental flows within 235 of the world’s largest river basins. Maps of existing cropland and habitat conservation zones are integrated with spatially-explicit population and urbanization projections from the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) to identify regions unsuitable for increasing water supply by exploiting new reservoir storage. Results show that even when maximizing the global reservoir storage to its potential limit (~4.3-4.8 times the current capacity), firm yields would only increase by about 50% over current levels. However, there exist large disparities across different basins. The majority of river basins in North America are found to gain relatively little firm yield by increasing storage capacity, whereas basins in Southeast Asia display greater potential for expansion as well as proportional gains in firm yield under multiple uncertainties. Parts of Europe, the United States and South America show relatively low reliability of maintaining current firm yields under future climate change, whereas most of Asia and higher latitude regions display comparatively high reliability. Findings from this study highlight the importance of incorporating different factors, including human development, land-use activities, and climate change, over a time span of multiple decades and across a range of different scenarios when quantifying available surface water yields and the potential for reservoir expansion

Re-parameterization Invariance in Fractional Flux Periodicity

We analyze a common feature of a nontrivial fractional flux periodicity in two-dimensional systems. We demonstrate that an addition of fractional flux can be absorbed into re-parameterization of quantum numbers. For an exact fractional periodicity, all the electronic states undergo the re-parameterization, whereas for an approximate periodicity valid in a large system, only the states near the Fermi level are involved in the re-parameterization.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, minor changes, final version to appear in J. Phys. Soc. Jp

Persistent current of two-chain Hubbard model with impurities

The interplay between impurities and interactions is studied in the gapless phase of two-chain Hubbard model in order to see how the screening of impurity potentials due to repulsive interactions in single-chain model will be changed by increasing the number of channels. Renormalization group calculations show that charge stiffness, and hence persistent current, of the two-chain model are less enhanced by interactions than single chain case.Comment: 4 Pages, RevTeX, No figures, Submitted to PR

Closing the loop between integrated assessment and climate risk research – rapid climate risk emulation

Climate model emulation has long been and is increasingly applied to the results of integrated assessment modelling (IAM)models (IAMs), to determine the climate outcomes, primarily global mean surface temperature (GMST), of emissions pathways. Originally provided at the global level, more recently approaches have been developed to reproduce a growing number of climate variables, also with spatial, even gridded, resolution. Here we build on these approaches to demonstrate a workflow and post-processing package, that takes the GMST trajectory, e.g. from a simple climate model (SCM) and calculates a range of climate impacts and exposure indicators based on the GMST trajectory. To do this, we built a database of post-processed climate impacts from global climate [WM1] CMIP6 & ISIMIP-3 GCMs and impacts [WM2] models, and also calculated population and land area exposure to the indicators through time and for spatial units, e.g. countries. Indicators include temperature and precipitation extremes, heatwaves, degree days, drought intensity, water stress, and indicators of hydrological variability. Using a high-resolution temperature time timeslice approach, GMST trajectories are then mapped to the impact and exposure indicators to produce gridded maps of climate impacts through time, and trajectories of climate exposure by spatial unit. Using this approach we demonstrate the rapid post-processing of SCM [WM3] results such that ensembles of global IAM [WM4] mitigation pathways, such as those from AR6, can be accompanied by a new suite of climate impacts and risk information – and discuss related uncertainties and avenues for further research to incorporate vulnerabilities

Single Impurity Effects in Multiband Superconductors with Different Sign Order Parameters

A single impurity problem is investigated for multiband s-wave superconductors with different sign order parameters (+-s-wave superconductors) suggested in Fe-pnictide superconductors. Not only intraband but also interband scattering is considered at the impurity. The latter gives rise to impurity-induced local boundstates close to the impurity. We present an exact form of the energy of the local boundstates as a function of strength of the two types of impurity scattering. The essential role of the impurity is unchanged in finite number of impurities. The main conclusions for a single impurity problem help us understand effects of dense impurities in the +-s-wave superconductors. Local density of states around the single impurity is also investigated. We suggest impurity site nuclear magnetic resonance as a suitable experiment to probe the local boundstates that is peculiar to the +-s-wave state. We find that the +-s-wave model is mapped to a chiral dx2-y2+-idxy-wave, reflecting the unconventional nature of the sign reversing order parameter. For a quantum magnetic impurity, interband scattering destabilizes the Kondo singlet.Comment: 23 pages, 7 figures, to be published in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. (2009) No.

Isotropic Transverse XY Chain with Energy- and Magnetization Currents

The ground-state correlations are investigated for an isotropic transverse XY chain which is constrained to carry either a current of magnetization J_M or a current of energy J_E. We find that the effect of nonzero J_M on the large-distance decay of correlations is twofold: i) oscillations are introduced and ii) the amplitude of the power law decay increases with increasing current. The effect of energy current is more complex. Generically, correlations in current carrying states are found to decay faster than in the J_E=0 states, contrary to expectations that correlations are increased by the presence of currents. However, increasing the current, one reaches a special line where the correlations become comparable to those of the J_E=0 states. On this line, the symmetry of the ground state is enhanced and the transverse magnetization vanishes. Further increase of the current destroys the extra symmetry but the transverse magnetization remains at the high-symmetry, zero value.Comment: 7 pages, RevTex, 4 PostScript figure