Investigation on Aromaticity Index and Double-Bond Equivalent of Aromatic Compounds and Ionic Liquids for Fuel Desulphurization

Aromaticity index (AI) and double-bond equivalent (DBE) were studied to seek a simpler approach in identifying suitable ionic liquids for the desulphurization process. Manifestation of interaction mechanism by COSMO-RS and Raman spectroscopy is discussed. The findings demonstrate that AI and DBE calculations can be used to analyze and arrogate potential combination of cation and anion for fuel desulphurization purposes

Ionic Liquids Classification for Fuel Desulphurization

An analysis was applied to 35 types of ionic liquids (ILs) where three basic physical properties have been considered in predicting their relationships with fuel desulphurization performance. By mapping the original data of density versus molecular weight, it provided a quick indication of some form of relationship between these two variables based on the chemical structure of the anion in the classified ionic liquids, especially in sulphate, phosphate and cyanobased ILs. The mapping provided a quick and simple approach in estimating the potential of the ionic liquids’ performance for fuel desulphurization. Conceivably influenced from these three basic physical properties, a modest and fairly good correlation was derived through statistical approach

Oral cancer and precancer research in Malaysia - the database and tissue resource bank

Introduction: Uncoordinated data collection by different research groups prompted the initiation of Malaysian oral cancer Research Initiative (MOCRI) group. Objectives: To coordinate and standardize data and tissue collection and storage, develop a minimum dataset on risk factors, intervention techniques and quality of life of oral cancer patients. Materials and Methods: A computer software programme is currently being developed to accommodate multi-centre data collection and research activities in eight hospitals. The complete dataset includes parameters on sociodemographic, clinical, pathological, quality of life measures, details of treatment methods, vital status and dietary intake. Tissues are being collected, stored and catalogued as fresh and formalin-fixed tissues for future use in satellite researches. The networking in tissue and data collection includes the establishment of oral cancer cell-lines. These tissues are being planned for studies on genetic profile, genetic polymorphism, diagnostic and prognostic markers. Results: Tissues and data on 115 oral cancers, 9 leukoplakia and 13 lichen planus has been collected since 2003. Preliminary data from 2004 were analysed for 58 cancer patients. Majority of them are more than 60 years old (65.5%) with a mean age of 63.3. Twenty-four (41.4%) were males, 34 (58.6%) females with the majority of them being Indians (56.9%) followed by Chinese and Malays (15.5% each), Indigenous people of Sabah and Sarawak (12.1%). Eighteen (31%) respondents were smokers, 17 (29.3%) alcohol drinkers and 31 (53.4%) betel quid chewers. Five patients have had histories of family cancers where 3 included immediate family members with head and neck cancers. For the quality of life measure, only 30.2% felt that their daily activities were disrupted despite having advanced cancers. Satellite researches are in progress on genetic polymorphism and tumour markers. One oral cancer cell-line has been established. Conclusion: The establishment of oral cancer database and tissue bank in encouraging and supports on-going satellite researches. This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down

Neratinib in the extended adjuvant treatment of patients from Asia with early-stage HER2+ breast cancer after trastuzumab-based therapy: exploratory analyses from the phase III ExteNET trial

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Solubility Parameters based on Refractive Index Data of Ionic Liquid

This article reports on the estimation of solubility parameters using refractive index for a series of imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) and their dependencies on the carbon number of alkyl sidechain of cation and anion. Gathering about 35 ILs of refractive indices data from the literature, the solubility parameters estimation fit well with the suggested correlation. The precision of the estimated solubility parameters obtained indicates that the refractive index-solubility parameters correlation can be an alternative tool to estimate solubility parameter value for ILs

Extraction and characterization of lignin from oil palm biomass via ionic liquid dissolution and non-toxic aluminium potassium sulfate dodecahydrate precipitation processes

The objective of this study is to extract and characterize lignin from oil palm biomass (OPB) by dissolution in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([bmim][Cl]), followed by the lignin extraction through the CO2 gas purging prior to addition of aluminum potassium sulfate dodecahydrate (AlK(SO4)2·12H2O). The lignin yield, YL (%wt.) was found to be dependent of the types of OPB observed for all precipitation methods used. The lignin recovery, RL (%wt.) obtained from CO2-AlK(SO4)2·12H2O precipitation was, however dependent on the types of OPB, which contradicted to that of the acidified H2SO4 and HCl solutions of pH 0.7 and 2 precipitations. Only about 54% of lignin was recovered from the OPB. The FTIR results indicate that the monodispersed lignin was successfully extracted from the OPT, OPF and OPEFB having a molecular weight (MW) of 1331, 1263 and 1473g/mol, and degradation temperature of 215, 207.5 and 272°C, respectivel