Spinal Structure of Mice Fetus (Mus Musculus L.) Treated by Acanthus Ilicifolius L. Leaves Extract

Jeruju had various chemical components. This study was conducted on the teratogenic test of jeruju leaf extract to determine abnormalities in fetal mice (Mus musculus L.). This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) method with 20 pregnant female mice divided into 4 groups: 1 group as a control and 3 groups treated with a dose of 3.75 mg/30grBB, 7.5 mg/30grBB, 15 mg/grBB, each with jeruju leaf extract consists of 5 repetitions. The results showed that the doses of 7.5 mg/30grBB and 15 mg/grBB significantly decreased fetal weight and length when compared with controls. This is suspected because there is an active substance in the jeruju leaf extract which is cytotoxic. Anatomically the administration of jeruju leaf extract does not cause abnormalities in the structure of the fetal spine of mice. This is due to the growing fetus taking priority from the many types of nutrients in the mother fluid so that the fetal bone can continue to grow and develop

Large scale quantum simulations: C_60 impacts on a semiconducting surface

We present tight binding molecular dynamics simulations of C_60 collisions on the reconstructed diamond(111) surface, carried out with an O(N) method and with cells containing 1140 atoms. The results of our simulations are in very good agreement with experiments performed under the same impact conditions. Furthermore our calculations provide a detailed characterization of the microscopic processes occuring during the collision, and allow the identification of three impact regimes, as a function of the fullerene incident energy. Finally, the study of the reactivity between the cluster and the surface gives insight into the deposition mechanisms of C_60 on semiconducting substrates

Efek Ekstrak Lada Hitam (Piper Nigrum L.) terhadap Libido Mencit (Mus Musculus L.) Jantan yang Berbeda Umur

Adanya efek merugikan dari pengobatan modern untuk masalah fungsi seksual, maka masyarakat lebih memilih pengobatan tradisional dengan menggunakan tanaman yang berkhasiat afrodisiak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak lada hitam (Piper nigrum L.) terhadap libido mencit (Mus musculus L.) jantan yang berbeda umur. Tiga puluh dua ekor mencit jantan dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok umur, yaitu kelompok muda berumur 4 bulan (K1) dan kelompok tua berumur 6 bulan (K2). Masing-masing kelompok muda dan tua terdiri dari 5 individu. Masing-masing kelompok diberi perlakuan, yaitu kontrol (P0), pakan dengan ekstrak air lada hitam (P1), pakan dengan ekstrak etanol lada hitam (P2), pakan dengan ekstrak air dan etanol lada hitam (P3) selama 3 bulan. Perilaku seksual diamati pada akhir waktu pemberian perlakuan. Parameter yang diukur adalah latensi percumbuan, latensi penunggangan, dan frekuensi penunggangan. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANARA dua jalur, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji BNT dengan α 0,05. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa latensi percumbuan dari perlakuan P2 dan P3 pada kelompok umur tua berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan kontrol (p=0,013, p=0,046). Latensi penunggangan dan frekuensi penunggangan dari perlakuan P2 pada kelompok muda berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan kontrol (p=0,026, p=0,010) dan dengan kelompok tua (p=0,024, p=0,022). Simpulan penelitian ini adalah ekstrak lada hitam dapat meningkatkan libido mencit jantan

Cholesterol Corrects Altered Conformation of MHC-II Protein in Leishmania donovani Infected Macrophages: Implication in Therapy

Previously we reported that Kala-azar patients show progressive decrease in serum cholesterol as a function of splenic parasite burden. Splenic macrophages (MΦ) of Leishmania donovani (LD) infected mice show decrease in membrane cholesterol, while LD infected macrophages (I-MΦ) show defective T cell stimulating ability that could be corrected by liposomal delivery of cholesterol. T helper cells recognize peptide antigen in the context of class II MHC molecule. It is known that the conformation of a large number of membrane proteins is dependent on membrane cholesterol. In this investigation we tried to understand the influence of decreased membrane cholesterol in I-MΦ on the conformation of MHC-II protein and peptide-MHC-II stability, and its bearing on the antigen specific T-cell activatio

A Phase I study of the safety, pharmacokinetics and efficacy of navitoclax plus docetaxel in patients with advanced solid tumors

Aim: This Phase I study investigated safety of navitoclax and docetaxel in patients (n = 41) with advanced solid tumors. Patients & methods: Two navitoclax plus docetaxel dosing schedules (21 and 28 days) were evaluated. Maximum tolerated dose, dose-limiting toxicities and preliminary antitumor activity were assessed. Results: Ten (24%) patients experienced dose-limiting toxicities; dose-escalation cohorts: n = 7 (21-day schedule: n = 5; 28-day schedule: n = 2) and 21-day expanded safety cohort: n = 3. Navitoclax 150-mg days 1-5 every 21 days with docetaxel 75 mg/m2 day 1 was the maximum tolerated dose and optimal schedule. Adverse events included thrombocytopenia (63%), fatigue (61%), nausea (59%) and neutropenia (51%). Four confirmed partial responses occurred. Conclusion: Navitoclax 150-mg orally once/day was safely administered with docetaxel. Myelosuppression limited dose escalation; antitumor activity was observed. Clinical trial registration: NCT00888108 (ClinicalTrials.gov)

Activity of venetoclax in patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: analysis of the VENICE-1 multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 3b trial

Background: Most patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia progress after treatment or retreatment with targeted therapy or chemoimmunotherapy and have limited subsequent treatment options. Response levels to the single-agent venetoclax in the relapsed setting is unknown. We aimed to assess venetoclax activity in patients with or without previous B-cell receptor-associated kinase inhibitor (BCRi) treatment. Methods: This multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 3b trial (VENICE-1) assessed activity and safety of venetoclax monotherapy in adults with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, stratified by previous exposure to a BCRi. Eligible participants were aged 18 years or older with previously treated relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Presence of del(17p) or TP53 aberrations and previous BCRi treatment were permitted. Patients received 5-week ramp-up to 400 mg of oral venetoclax once daily and were treated for up to 108 weeks, with 2 years follow-up after discontinuation, or optional extended access. The primary activity endpoint was complete remission rate (complete remission or complete remission with incomplete marrow recovery) in BCRi-naive patients. Analyses used the intent-to-treat (ie, all enrolled patients, which coincided with those who received at least one dose of venetoclax). This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02756611, and is complete. Findings: Between June 22, 2016, and March 11, 2022, we enrolled 258 patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (180 [70%] were male; 252 [98%] were White; 191 were BCRi-naive and 67 were BCRi-pretreated). Median follow-up in the overall cohort was 49·5 months (IQR 47·2–54·1), 49·2 months (47·2–53·2) in the BCRi-naive group, and 49·7 months (47·4–54·3) in the BCRi-pretreated group. Of 191 BCRi-naive patients, 66 (35%; 95% CI 27·8−41·8) had complete remission or complete remission with incomplete marrow recovery. 18 (27%; 95% CI 16·8–39·1) of 67 patients in the BCRi-pretreated group had complete remission or complete remission with incomplete marrow recovery. Grade 3 or worse treatment-emergent adverse events were reported in 203 (79%) and serious adverse events were reported in 136 (53%) of 258 patients in the overall cohort. The most common treatment-emergent adverse event was neutropenia (96 [37%]) and the most common and serious adverse event was pneumonia (21 [8%]). There were 13 (5%) deaths reported due to adverse events; one of these deaths (autoimmune haemolytic anaemia) was possibly related to venetoclax. No new safety signals were identified. Interpretation: These data demonstrate deep and durable responses with venetoclax monotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, including BCRi-pretreated patients, suggesting that venetoclax monotherapy is an effective strategy for treating BCRi-naive and BCRi-pretreated patients. Funding: AbbVie

Author Correction: Robust and persistent reactivation of SIV and HIV by N-803 and depletion of CD8+ cells

Correction to: "Robust and persistent reactivation of SIV and HIV by N-803 and depletion of CD8+ cells

Phylogenomic analysis of a 55.1 kb 19-gene dataset resolves a monophyletic Fusarium that includes the Fusarium solani Species Complex

Scientific communication is facilitated by a data-driven, scientifically sound taxonomy that considers the end-user¿s needs and established successful practice. In 2013, the Fusarium community voiced near unanimous support for a concept of Fusarium that represented a clade comprising all agriculturally and clinically important Fusarium species, including the F. solani species complex (FSSC). Subsequently, this concept was challenged in 2015 by one research group who proposed dividing the genus Fusarium into seven genera, including the FSSC described as members of the genus Neocosmospora, with subsequent justification in 2018 based on claims that the 2013 concept of Fusarium is polyphyletic. Here, we test this claim and provide a phylogeny based on exonic nucleotide sequences of 19 orthologous protein-coding genes that strongly support the monophyly of Fusarium including the FSSC. We reassert the practical and scientific argument in support of a genus Fusarium that includes the FSSC and several other basal lineages, consistent with the longstanding use of this name among plant pathologists, medical mycologists, quarantine officials, regulatory agencies, students, and researchers with a stake in its taxonomy. In recognition of this monophyly, 40 species described as genus Neocosmospora were recombined in genus Fusarium, and nine others were renamed Fusarium. Here the global Fusarium community voices strong support for the inclusion of the FSSC in Fusarium, as it remains the best scientific, nomenclatural, and practical taxonomic option availabl