Assessment of water and soil resources in Düzce area in terms of agricultural use

Düzce yöresindeki su ve toprak kaynakları tarımsal üretim yönünden büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Bununla birlikte, bu kaynakların bilinçli bir şekilde kullanımı ve yönetimi üzerine yapılan araştırmalar yöredeki üreticiler ve bu alandaki araştırmacılar için önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Düzce yöresi toprak ve su kaynaklarının korunması ve geliştirilmesine yönelik yapılan araştırmalar tarımsal yönden incelenmiş olup karşılaşılan sorunlar ve çözümlere yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda, Düzce yöresinin su ve toprak kaynakları bakımından zengin olduğu saptanmıştır. Ancak, buna alandaki araştırmaların yetersiz olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yörede, sulama suyundan ve toprak işlemeden kaynaklı sorunların olmadığı, ancak aşırı yağışlı dönemlerde deniz seviyesi düşük olan alanlarda tabansuyunun artığı gözlenmiştir. Ekonomik getirisi yüksek, fındık ve mısır (silajlık+ dane) bitkileri dışında, çok sayıda bitkilerin yetiştiriciliği yörede yer almadığı tespit edilmiştir. Buradan, su ve toprak kaynaklarının etkin yönetimine ilişkin çeşitli araştırmaların yapılmalıdır. Ayrıca, açık alanlarda, ekonomik getirisi yüksek, yöreye uygun, alternatif bitkilerin yetiştiriciliği için uyum çalışmalarının yapılması önerilebilir.The soil and water resources in Düzce area have a great importance in terms of agricultural production. In addition, the researches on the use and management of these resources consciously is important for producers in this area and researchers in this field. In this study, the researches done with respect to the conservation and development of soil and water resources in Düzce area were investigated in terms of agricultural; and the suggestions about the encountered problems and solutions of these problems were presented. As a result of this study, it was determined that the Düzce region is rich with regards to water and soil resources. However, it was found that the researches in this area have been insufficient. In this area, there were not problems due to the irrigation water and soil cultivation, but it was found that water table was increased in the low sea level places during extreme rainy seasons. Various numbers of plants with high economic returns, except hazelnut and corn (grain + silage), have not growth in the area. Due to these reasons, more studies should be done concerning efficient use of water and soil resources. In addition, making the integration studies for alternative plant growing, which has higher economic return and convenient for this area at the open fields, can be suggested

Mesenchymal stem cell transfusion: Possible beneficial effects in COVID-19 patients

SARS-CoV-2 attaches to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor on human cells. The virus causes hypercytokinemia, capillary leak, pulmonary edema, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute cardiac injury, and leads to death. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are ACE-2 negative cells; therefore, can escape from SARSCoV-2. MSCs prevent hypercytokinemia and help the resolution of the pulmonary edema and other damages occurred during the course of COVID-19. In addition, MSCs enhance the regeneration of the lung and other tissues affected by SARS-CoV-2. The case series reported beneficial effect of MSCs in COVID-19 treatment. However, there are some concerns about the safety of MSCs, particularly referring to the increased risk of disseminated intravascular coagulation, and thromboembolism due to the expression of TF/CD142. Prospective, randomized, large scale studies are needed to reveal the optimum dose, administration way, time, efficacy, and safety of MSCs in the COVID-19 treatment

Is there a link between pre-existing antibodies acquired due to childhood vaccinations or past infections and COVID-19? A case control study

Background: There is growing evidence indicating that children are less affected from COVID-19. Some authors speculate that childhood vaccinations may provide some cross-protection against COVID-19. In this study, our aim was to compare the circulating antibody titers for multiple childhood vaccine antigens, as an indicator of the state of immune memory between patients with COVID-19 and healthy controls, with a specific aim to identify the association between disease severity and antibody titrations which may indicate a protective function related to vaccine or disease induced memory. Methods: This study is a case-control study including 53 patients with COVID-19 and 40 healthy volunteers. COVID-19 severity was divided into three groups: asymptomatic, mild and severe. We measured the same set of antibody titers for vaccine antigens, and a set of biochemical and infection markers, in both the case and control groups. Results: Rubella (p = 0.003), pneumococcus (p = 0.002), and Bordetella pertussis (p 0.0001) titers were found to be significantly lower in the case group than the control group. There was a significant decline in pneumococcus titers with severity of disease (p = 0.021) and a significant association with disease severity for Bordetella pertussis titers (p = 0.014) among COVID patients. Levels of AST, procalcitonin, ferritin and D-dimer significantly increased with the disease severity Discussion: Our study supports the hypothesis that pre-existing immune memory, as monitored using circulating antibodies, acquired from childhood vaccinations, or past infections confer some protection against COVID-19. Randomized controlled studies are needed to support a definitive conclusion. © 2021 PeerJ Inc.. All rights reserved

Abdominal Trauma

Abdominal trauma accounts for 7–10% of hospital admissions due to trauma. Depending on the mechanism of occurrence, abdominal traumas are classified as either blunt or penetrating. The most important risk after trauma is hypovolemic shock. Deaths caused by blunt trauma are frequently the result of diagnostic difficulties and treatment delays. Abdominal surgery after traumatic injury is performed for two reasons; bleeding due to injury to vascular structures or a solid organ (e.g., spleen, liver, kidney) or injury due to perforation of a hollow organ (stomach, small intestine, colon, gallbladder). Patients may remain asymptomatic until they have lost 50–60% of their blood volume. Through inspection, auscultation, and palpation, the damaged organs and the presence of hemorrhage should be examined during the physical examination. The findings of peritoneal irritation are incredibly critical. Even though some studies indicate a mortality rate as high as 25.8% for abdominal injuries, the overall mortality rate is 10%. Other studies reveal mortality rates ranging from 15% to 17.1%. It should not be forgotten that the patient with abdominal trauma may have multi-trauma. The patient’s vital signs, abdominal examination, and hematocrit should be checked at frequent intervals. Early surgical evaluation is important. It is important to remember that the main source of bleeding and shock may be the abdomen

Üniversite öğrencileri arasında bitkisel ilaç kullanımına yönelik tutumlar

Amaç: Bu çalışmada üniversite öğrencilerinin bitkisel ilaç kullanımı konusunda tutum ve davranışlarının saptanması amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Selçuk Üniversitesi’nde 2014 yılı Nisan-Haziran ayları arasında toplam 400 öğrenciye anket uygulandı. İstatistiksel analizlerde

Ectopic opening of the common bile duct and duodenal stenosis: an overlooked association

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Ectopic opening of the common bile duct into the duodenal bulb (EO-CBD-DB) is a rare disease that may be complicated by duodenal ulcer, deformity, stenosis and biliary stones. The aim of this study is to report clinical presentations, endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of this entity as well as to investigate its association with duodenal stenosis.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Gastroduodenoscopic findings and radiological imaging were evaluated for ectopic papilla and duodenal stenosis. Diagnostic methods, endoscopic procedures and long-term outcomes of the endoscopic treatment were presented.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>EO-CBD-DB was found in 74 (77.1%) of the 96 patients with duodenal deformity/stenosis (79 male, 17 female, mean age: 58.5, range: 30-87 years). The papilla with normal appearance was retracted to the bulb in 11 while it was at its usual location in the remaining 11. The history of biliodigestive surgery was more common in patients with EO-CBD-DB who were frequently presented with the common bile duct stone-related symptoms than the other patients. Thirteen (17.6%) of the patients with EO-CBD-DB were referred to surgery. Endoscopic treatment was completed in 60 (81.1%) patients after an average of 1.7 (range: 1-6) procedures. These patients were on follow-up for 24.8 (range: 2-46) months. Endoscopic intervention was required in 12 (20%) of them because of recurrent biliary problems. Treatment of the patient who had stricture due to biliary injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy is still continued.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The presence of EO-CBD-DB should be considered particularly in middle-aged male patients who have duodenal deformity/stenosis. Endoscopic treatment is feasible in these patients. The long-term outcomes of endoscopic therapy need to be compared with surgical treatment.</p

Kentsel Atıksu Arıtma Tesisi Çıkış Suyunda Fenton Prosesi Ve Lazer Işınlanmasının Arıtma Verimliliğinin Araştırılması

In this thesis, removal of COD from treated urban wastewater treatment plant (UWWTP) using fenton process and fiber laser irradiation is investigated. Urban wastewater treatment plant effluent was set to pH 3 for Fenton process 0,25 gr FeSO4 and 0.08 ml H2O2, was used to remove chemical oxygen demand (COD-mg/L). COD Treatment efficiencies between 9,52 - 28,57% were obtained. For laser irradiations Flast-NanoMark fiber laser system with 20 W, 40 Khz, 500 mm/s was used. Change in COD (mg/l) values were measured during laser irradiation in 60 minute time interval. No pH adjustment was made in the urban waste treatment plant effluent. Although COD value fluctuations were observed in the studies which were carried out with the Flast-Nanomark fiber laser system a %4, to % 28 removal efficiencies were obtained. The fluctuations in the value of COD were attributed to the decomposition of nondegradable organic materials in wastewater by laser beams. In this thesis, fenton process was used in order to re-treat wastewater for specific pollutants in the wastewater treatment plant effluent. The Fenton process applied to the treatment plant effluent did not contribute much to the effluent quality in terms of the COD. In control parameters of the laser system such as temperature, surface area, volume, power, frequency, speed, pulse width and wavelength were determined to be consideration during laser process design. The use of laser beams at different stages of the wastewater treatment plant will positively affect the efficiency of the treatment process. As a result of this study, it was determined that dissolved iron or other chemicals can be used as catalysts during laser irradiation.Bu tez çalışmasında Kentsel Atıksu Arıtma Tesisi (KAAT) çıkış suyunda fenton prosesi ve FLAST-NanoMark Fiber Lazer sistemi ile KOİ (mg/L) parametresinin giderimi üzerinden arıtım çalışmaları değerlendirilmiştir. Fenton prosesinde KAAT çıkış suyu pH:3’e ayarlanmış ve 0,25 gr FeSO4.7H2O ve 0,08 ml H2O2 ilavesi ile %9,52- %28,57 arasında KOİ (mg/L) arıtma verimleri elde edilmiştir. 20 W, 40 kHz, 500 mm/s’ye sahip FLAST-NanoMark Fiber Lazer sisteminde ise KAAT çıkış suyu pH ayarlaması yapılmadan 1 saat lazer ışınlarına maruz bırakılarak 0-60 dk aralıklarında KOİ (mg/L) değerleri ölçülmüştür. FLAST-NanoMark Fiber Lazer sistemi ile yapılan çalışmalarda KOİ (mg/L) değerlerinde artış ve azalışlar meydana gelse de (KAAT çıkış suyu pH =6,50-7,99 aralığında) 0-30 dk aralığında %4,16 ile %28,12 arasında KOİ (mg/L) arıtma verimleri elde edilmiştir. 0-30 dk. aralıklarında zaman zaman KOİ değerlerin de artış olduğu da gözlemlenmiştir. 0-60 dk arasında FLAST-NanoMark Fiber Lazer sistemi ile yapılan çalışmalarda KOİ (mg/L) değerlerinde dalgalanmalar olduğu gözlenmiştir. KOİ (mg/L) değerindeki dalgalanmaların atıksu içerisinde bulunan organik maddelerin lazer ışınları ile parçalanması sonucunda olduğu değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada atıksu arıtma tesisinde belirli işlemlerden geçen atıksuyun tekrar arıtılması için fenton prosesi uygulanmıştır. Fenton prosesinin arıtma sürecini tamamlamış ve deşarj edilecek olan atıksuyun KOİ değerini düşürmek için uygulanması durumunda arıtma verimine fazla bir katkı sağlamadığı değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca bu çalışmada FLAST-NanoMark Fiber Lazer sistemi ile atıksu arıtma tesisinde belirli işlemlerden geçen atıksuyun tekrar arıtılma çalışmaları denenmiştir. Sistemin sıcaklık, yüzey alanı, hacim, güç, frekans, hız, atım genişliği ve dalga boyu gibi parametrelerinin tasarım sırasında dikkate alınmasının gerektiği belirlenmiştir. Lazer ile ışınlamanın hem atıksu arıtma tesisi çıkış suyunda hemde atıksu arıtma tesisinin farklı kademelerinde kullanılmasının sistem verimini olumlu yönde etkileyeceği değerlendirilmiştir. Demir iyonları veya diğer katalizörler lazer uygulamalarında etkili olabilir

Özel dershanelerin Türk eğitim sistemindeki yeri ve önemi

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Kırıkkale Üniversitesi47994