7,446 research outputs found
Dual Ginzburg-Landau Theory for Nonperturbative QCD
Nonperturbative QCD is studied with the dual Ginzburg-Landau theory, where
color confinement is realized through the dual Higgs mechanism by QCD-monopole
condensation. We obtain a general analytic formula for the string tension. A
compact formula is derived for the screened inter-quark potential in the
presence of light dynamical quarks. The QCD phase transition at finite
temperature is studied using the effective potential formalism. The string
tension and the QCD-monopole mass are largely reduced near the critical
temperature, . The surface tension is estimated from the effective
potential at . We propose also a new scenario of the quark-gluon-plasma
creation through the color-electric flux-tube annihilation. Finally, we discuss
a close relation between instantons and QCD-monopoles.Comment: Talk presented by H. Suganuma at the Int. Conf. ``CONFINEMENT95'',
March 22-24, 1995, Osaka, Japan, 12 pages, uses PHYZZ
Desperate housewives: An analysis of the characterisations of female gamblers portrayed in gambling movies in Hong Kong
This article examines portrayals of female gamblers in recent Hong Kong movies. The authors report that the depiction of female gamblers is very different from that of male gamblers in the movies made in the same period. Whereas the male gamblers are pitching a lonely and desperate battle against the evil opponent, the female gamblers portrayed in the movies are housewives or small-time players who gamble only for their personal gain. A general negative overtone in portrayals of female gamblers was interpreted as a reflection of the traditional view that discourages women from gambling. The shift of gambling themes in the Hong Kong movies has been identified to reflect the most salient concerns among Hong Kong residents. Such changes are attributed to particular social and cultural changes in the community
Multilingual assessment of early child development: Analyses from repeated observations of children in Kenya.
In many low- and middle-income countries, young children learn a mother tongue or indigenous language at home before entering the formal education system where they will need to understand and speak a countrys official language(s). Thus, assessments of children before school age, conducted in a nations official language, may not fully reflect a childs development, underscoring the importance of test translation and adaptation. To examine differences in vocabulary development by language of assessment, we adapted and validated instruments to measure developmental outcomes, including expressive and receptive vocabulary. We assessed 505 2-to-6-year-old children in rural communities in Western Kenya with comparable vocabulary tests in three languages: Luo (the local language or mother tongue), Swahili, and English (official languages) at two time points, 5-6 weeks apart, between September 2015 and October 2016. Younger children responded to the expressive vocabulary measure exclusively in Luo (44%-59% of 2-to-4-year-olds) much more frequently than did older children (20%-21% of 5-to-6-year-olds). Baseline receptive vocabulary scores in Luo (β = 0.26, SE = 0.05, p < 0.001) and Swahili (β = 0.10, SE = 0.05, p = 0.032) were strongly associated with receptive vocabulary in English at follow-up, even after controlling for English vocabulary at baseline. Parental Luo literacy at baseline (β = 0.11, SE = 0.05, p = 0.045) was associated with child English vocabulary at follow-up, while parental English literacy at baseline was not. Our findings suggest that multilingual testing is essential to understanding the developmental environment and cognitive growth of multilingual children
The Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Redox State of Multivalent Cations During the Crystallization of Primitive Shergottitic Liquids at Various (f)O2. Insights into the (f)O2 Fugacity of the Martian Mantle and Crustal Influences on Redox Conditions of Martian Magmas.
The (f)O2 [oxygen fugacity] of crystallization for martian basalts has been estimated in various studies to range from IW-1 to QFM+4 [1-3]. A striking geochemical feature of the shergottites is the large range in initial Sr isotopic ratios and initial epsilon(sup Nd) values. Studies by observed that within the shergottite group the (f)O2 [oxygen fugacity] of crystallization is highly correlated with these chemical and isotopic characteristics with depleted shergottites generally crystallizing at reduced conditions and enriched shergottites crystallizing under more oxidizing conditions. More recent work has shown that (f)O2 [oxygen fugacity] changed during the crystallization of these magmas from one order of magnitude in Y980459 (Y98) to several orders of magnitude in Larkman Nunatak 06319. These real or apparent variations within single shergottitic magmas have been attributed to mixing of a xenocrystic olivine component, volatile loss-water disassociation, auto-oxidation during crystallization of mafic phases, and assimilation of an oxidizing crustal component (e.g. sulfate). In contrast to the shergottites, augite basalts such as NWA 8159 are highly depleted yet appear to be highly oxidized (e.g. QFM+4). As a first step in attempting to unravel petrologic complexities that influence (f)O2 [oxygen fugacity] in martian magmas, this study explores the effect of (f)O2 [oxygen fugacity] on the liquid line of descent (LLD) for a primitive shergottite liquid composition (Y98). The results of this study will provide a fundamental basis for reconstructing the record of (f)O2 [oxygen fugacity] in shergottites and other martian basalts, its effect on both mineral chemistries and valence state partitioning, and a means for examining the role of crystallization (and other more complex processes) on the petrologic linkages between olivine-phyric and pyroxene-plagioclase shergottites
Compact Hyperbolic Extra Dimensions: Branes, Kaluza-Klein Modes and Cosmology
We reconsider theories with low gravitational (or string) scale M_* where
Newton's constant is generated via new large-volume spatial dimensions, while
Standard Model states are localized to a 3-brane. Utilizing compact hyperbolic
manifolds (CHM's) we show that the spectrum of Kaluza-Klein (KK) modes is
radically altered. This allows an early universe cosmology with normal
evolution up to substantial temperatures, and completely negates the
constraints on M_* arising from astrophysics. Furthermore, an exponential
hierarchy between the usual Planck scale and the true fundamental scale of
physics can emerge with only order unity coefficients. The linear size of the
internal space remains small. The proposal has striking testable signatures.Comment: 4 pages, no figure
Periodically-dressed Bose-Einstein condensates: a superfluid with an anisotropic and variable critical velocity
Two intersecting laser beams can produce a spatially-periodic coupling
between two components of an atomic gas and thereby modify the dispersion
relation of the gas according to a dressed-state formalism. Properties of a
Bose-Einstein condensate of such a gas are strongly affected by this
modification. A Bogoliubov transformation is presented which accounts for
interparticle interactions to obtain the quasiparticle excitation spectrum in
such a condensate. The Landau critical velocity is found to be anisotropic and
can be widely tuned by varying properties of the dressing laser beams.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Mutations in Bcl9 and Pygo genes cause congenital heart defects by tissue-specific perturbation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling
Bcl9 and Pygopus (Pygo) are obligate Wnt/β-catenin cofactors in Drosophila, yet their contribution to Wnt signaling during vertebrate development remains unresolved. Combining zebrafish and mouse genetics, we document a conserved, β-catenin-associated function for BCL9 and Pygo proteins during vertebrate heart development. Disrupting the β-catenin–BCL9–Pygo complex results in a broadly maintained canonical Wnt response yet perturbs heart development and proper expression of key cardiac regulators. Our work highlights BCL9 and Pygo as selective β-catenin cofactors in a subset of canonical Wnt responses during vertebrate development. Moreover, our results implicate alterations in BCL9 and BCL9L in human congenital heart defects
't Hooft-Polyakov Monopoles in an Antiferromagnetic Bose-Einstein Condensate
We show that an antiferromagnetic spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate, which can
for instance be created with Na-23 atoms in an optical trap, has not only
singular line-like vortex excitations, but also allows for singular point-like
topological excitations, i.e., 't Hooft-Polyakov monopoles. We discuss the
static and dynamic properties ofthese monopoles.Comment: Four pages of ReVTeX and 1 postscript figur
Solitons in one-dimensional interacting Bose-Einstein system
A modified Gross-Pitaevskii approximation was introduced recently for bosons
in dimension by Kolomeisky {\it et al.} (Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 85} 1146
(2000)). We use the density functional approach with sixth-degree interaction
energy term in the Bose field to reproduce the stationary-frame results of
Kolomeisky {\it et al.} for a one-dimensional Bose-Einstein system with a
repulsive interaction. We also find a soliton solution for an attractive
interaction, which may be boosted to a finite velocity by a Galilean
transformation. The stability of such a soliton is discussed analytically. We
provide a general treatment of stationary solutions in one dimension which
includes the above solutions as special cases. This treatment leads to a
variety of stationary wave solutions for both attractive and repulsive
interactions.Comment: Latex, 14 pages, No figur
An evaluation of the TRIPS computer system
The TRIPS system employs a new instruction set architecture (ISA) called Explicit Data Graph Execution (EDGE) that renegotiates the boundary between hardware and software to expose and exploit concurrency. EDGE ISAs use a block-atomic execution model in which blocks are composed of dataflow instructions. The goal of the TRIPS design is to mine concurrency for high performance while tolerating emerging technology scaling challenges, such as increasing wire delays and power consumption. This paper evaluates how well TRIPS meets this goal through a detailed ISA and performance analysis. We compare performance, using cycles counts, to commercial processors. On SPEC CPU2000, the Intel Core 2 outperforms compiled TRIPS code in most cases, although TRIPS matches a Pentium 4. On simple benchmarks, compiled TRIPS code outperforms the Core 2 by 10% and hand-optimized TRIPS code outperforms it by factor of 3. Compared to conventional ISAs, the block-atomic model provides a larger instruction window, increases concurrency at a cost of more instructions executed, and replaces register and memory accesses with more efficient direct instruction-to-instruction communication. Our analysis suggests ISA, microarchitecture, and compiler enhancements for addressing weaknesses in TRIPS and indicates that EDGE architectures have the potential to exploit greater concurrency in future technologies
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