Eurythrematosis as a developmental model of the Diabetes Mellitus type 1 pathological condition: pathophysiological parameters and oxidative stress / Eurytrematose como modelo de desenvolvimento da patologia da Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1: parâmetros fisiopatológicos e stress oxidativo

Eurytrematosis is a helminthic disease caused by trematodes belonging to the genus Eurytrema spp. that parasitize the pancreas of many animals and humans. This parasitosis causes chronic fibrosing pancreatitis, fat infiltration in the pancreatic parenchyma, besides damaging the exocrine pancreas, which is similar to that found in patients with Diabetes Mellitus type 1 (DM1). The current work aimed to evaluate the use of bovine pancreas infected with E. coelomaticum as a model to study DM1 pathophysiology. It was carried out macroscopic analyses, parasite identification, total pancreatic lipid determination and oxidative damage biomarkers levels of pancreas naturally infected with E. coelomaticum. Macroscopically, we observed that the infected pancreas had duct obstruction, organ stiffness due to the visible presence of fibrosis, increased adipose tissue deposition, increased protein and lipid damage, as well as increased antioxidant biomarkers (GSH, CAT and VIT C). Thus, it is possible to show that DM1 may have pancreatic parasitism as a possible primary origin. However, more studies are needed to better investigate this possible primary origin; the results obtained here suggest that the use of pancreas parasitized by E. coelomaticum could be a model to investigate DM1 pathophysiology

FRAX (R): Prediction of Major Osteoporotic Fractures in Women from the General Population: The OPUS Study

Purposes: The aim of this study was to analyse how well FRAXH predicts the risk of major osteoporotic and vertebral fractures over 6 years in postmenopausal women from general population. Patients and methods: The OPUS study was conducted in European women aged above 55 years, recruited in 5 centers from random population samples and followed over 6 years. The population for this study consisted of 1748 women (mean age 74.2 years) with information on incident fractures. 742 (43.1%) had a prevalent fracture; 769 (44%) and 155 (8.9%) of them received an antiosteoporotic treatment before and during the study respectively. We compared FRAXH performance with and without bone mineral density (BMD) using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) c-statistical analysis with ORs and areas under receiver operating characteristics curves (AUCs) and net reclassification improvement (NRI). Results: 85 (4.9%) patients had incident major fractures over 6 years. FRAXH with and without BMD predicted these fractures with an AUC of 0.66 and 0.62 respectively. The AUC were 0.60, 0.66, 0.69 for history of low trauma fracture alone, age and femoral neck (FN) BMD and combination of the 3 clinical risk factors, respectively. FRAXH with and without BMD predicted incident radiographic vertebral fracture (n = 65) with an AUC of 0.67 and 0.65 respectively. NRI analysis showed a significant improvement in risk assignment when BMD is added to FRAXH. Conclusions: This study shows that FRAXH with BMD and to a lesser extent also without FN BMD predict major osteoporotic and vertebral fractures in the general population

KATE THEIMER, Web 2.0 Tools and Strategies for Archives and Local History Collections. ELLYSSA KROSKI, Web 2.0 for Librarians and Information Professionals

Web 2.0 Tools and Strategies for Archives and Local History Collections. KATE THEIMER. New York: Neal-Schuman, 2010. 246 p. ISBN 978-1-55570­679-1. Web 2.0 for Librarians and Information Professionals. ELLYSSA KROSKI. New York: Neal-Schuman, 2008. 209 p. ISBN 978-1-55570-614-2

Knowledge Sharing in Geographically Dispersed Communities

This chapter aims at a better understanding of the dynamics leading firms to create Networks of practice (NoP) to transfer knowledge and know-how between its geographically dispersed business units. In this introduction we focus on the complementarity between communities of practice (CoP) and networks of practice (NoP) inside firms to share knowledge and consolidate organizational learning. We show that informal settings where people interact around their practices, such as CoP facilitate and consolidate knowledge sharing inside firms and enable them to create a larger network. After a literature review on CoP and NoP, the chapter will highlight the role of CoP and boundaries processes (brokers, boundary objects) in the development of NoP. (English

Knowledge Sharing in Geographically Dispersed Communities

This chapter aims at a better understanding of the dynamics leading firms to create Networks of practice (NoP) to transfer knowledge and know-how between its geographically dispersed business units. In this introduction we focus on the complementarity between communities of practice (CoP) and networks of practice (NoP) inside firms to share knowledge and consolidate organizational learning. We show that informal settings where people interact around their practices, such as CoP facilitate and consolidate knowledge sharing inside firms and enable them to create a larger network. After a literature review on CoP and NoP, the chapter will highlight the role of CoP and boundaries processes (brokers, boundary objects) in the development of NoP. (English

Introduction to the thematic file : Knowledge Sharing in Geographically Dispersed Communities

This chapter aims at a better understanding of the dynamics leading firms to create Networks of practice (NoP) to transfer knowledge and know-how between its geographically dispersed business units. In this introduction we focus on the complementarity between communities of practice (CoP) and networks of practice (NoP) inside firms to share knowledge and consolidate organizational learning. We show that informal settings where people interact around their practices, such as CoP facilitate and consolidate knowledge sharing inside firms and enable them to create a larger network. After a literature review on CoP and NoP, the chapter will highlight the role of CoP and boundaries processes (brokers, boundary objects) in the development of NoP.Ce chapitre a pour objectif une meilleure comprehension des dynamiques conduisant les entreprises à créer des réseaux de pratique pour transférer des connaissances et du savoir-faire entre leurs unités dispersées géographiquement. Dans cette introduction, nous insistons sur la complémentarité entre les communautés de pratique et les réseaux de pratique à l’intérieur des entreprises pour partager les connaissances et consolider l’apprentissage organisationnel. Nous montrons que les lieux informels où les gens interagissent autour de leur pratiques, telles que les communautés de pratique, facilitent et consolident le partage de connaissances dans les entreprises et leur permettent de créer des réseaux plus larges. Après une revue de la literature sur les communautés de pratique et les réseaux de pratique, le chapitre éclairera le rôle des communautés et des processus de frontières (intermédiaires, objets-frontière) dans le développement des réseaux de pratique.Este capítulo tiene como objetivo una mejor comprensión de las dinámicas de las empresas para crear redes de práctica para transferir conocimiento y know-how entre sus unidades de negocio geográficamente dispersas. En esta introducción nos centramos en la complementariedad entre las comunidades de práctica y las redes de práctica dentro de las empresas para compartir conocimiento y consolidar el aprendizaje organizacional. Mostramos que los entornos informales en los que las personas interactúan en torno a sus prácticas, como en las comunidades de práctica, facilitan y consolidan el intercambio de conocimientos dentro de las empresas y les permiten crear una red más amplia. Después de una revisión de la literatura sobre comunidades de práctica y redes de práctica, el capítulo destacará el rol de las comunidades y los procesos frontera (intermediarios, objetos frontera) en el desarrollo de las redes de práctica

Introduction to the thematic file : Knowledge Sharing in Geographically Dispersed Communities

This chapter aims at a better understanding of the dynamics leading firms to create Networks of practice (NoP) to transfer knowledge and know-how between its geographically dispersed business units. In this introduction we focus on the complementarity between communities of practice (CoP) and networks of practice (NoP) inside firms to share knowledge and consolidate organizational learning. We show that informal settings where people interact around their practices, such as CoP facilitate and consolidate knowledge sharing inside firms and enable them to create a larger network. After a literature review on CoP and NoP, the chapter will highlight the role of CoP and boundaries processes (brokers, boundary objects) in the development of NoP.Ce chapitre a pour objectif une meilleure comprehension des dynamiques conduisant les entreprises à créer des réseaux de pratique pour transférer des connaissances et du savoir-faire entre leurs unités dispersées géographiquement. Dans cette introduction, nous insistons sur la complémentarité entre les communautés de pratique et les réseaux de pratique à l’intérieur des entreprises pour partager les connaissances et consolider l’apprentissage organisationnel. Nous montrons que les lieux informels où les gens interagissent autour de leur pratiques, telles que les communautés de pratique, facilitent et consolident le partage de connaissances dans les entreprises et leur permettent de créer des réseaux plus larges. Après une revue de la literature sur les communautés de pratique et les réseaux de pratique, le chapitre éclairera le rôle des communautés et des processus de frontières (intermédiaires, objets-frontière) dans le développement des réseaux de pratique.Este capítulo tiene como objetivo una mejor comprensión de las dinámicas de las empresas para crear redes de práctica para transferir conocimiento y know-how entre sus unidades de negocio geográficamente dispersas. En esta introducción nos centramos en la complementariedad entre las comunidades de práctica y las redes de práctica dentro de las empresas para compartir conocimiento y consolidar el aprendizaje organizacional. Mostramos que los entornos informales en los que las personas interactúan en torno a sus prácticas, como en las comunidades de práctica, facilitan y consolidan el intercambio de conocimientos dentro de las empresas y les permiten crear una red más amplia. Después de una revisión de la literatura sobre comunidades de práctica y redes de práctica, el capítulo destacará el rol de las comunidades y los procesos frontera (intermediarios, objetos frontera) en el desarrollo de las redes de práctica

Knowledge Sharing in Geographically Dispersed Communities

This chapter aims at a better understanding of the dynamics leading firms to create Networks of practice (NoP) to transfer knowledge and know-how between its geographically dispersed business units. In this introduction we focus on the complementarity between communities of practice (CoP) and networks of practice (NoP) inside firms to share knowledge and consolidate organizational learning. We show that informal settings where people interact around their practices, such as CoP facilitate and consolidate knowledge sharing inside firms and enable them to create a larger network. After a literature review on CoP and NoP, the chapter will highlight the role of CoP and boundaries processes (brokers, boundary objects) in the development of NoP. (English