Thermal issues at the SSC

A variety of heat transfer problems arise in the design of the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC). One class of problems is to minimize heat leak from the ambient to the SSC rings, since the rings contain superconducting magnets maintained at a temperature of 4 K. Another arises from the need to dump the beam of protrons (traveling around the SSC rings) on to absorbers during an abort of the collider. Yet another category of problems is the cooling of equipment to dissipate the heat generated during operation. An overview of these problems and sample heat transfer results are given in this paper

Efficiently Decodable Non-Adaptive Threshold Group Testing

We consider non-adaptive threshold group testing for identification of up to $d$ defective items in a set of $n$ items, where a test is positive if it contains at least $2 \leq u \leq d$ defective items, and negative otherwise. The defective items can be identified using $t = O \left( \left( \frac{d}{u} \right)^u \left( \frac{d}{d - u} \right)^{d-u} \left(u \log{\frac{d}{u}} + \log{\frac{1}{\epsilon}} \right) \cdot d^2 \log{n} \right)$ tests with probability at least $1 - \epsilon$ for any $\epsilon > 0$ or $t = O \left( \left( \frac{d}{u} \right)^u \left( \frac{d}{d -u} \right)^{d - u} d^3 \log{n} \cdot \log{\frac{n}{d}} \right)$ tests with probability 1. The decoding time is $t \times \mathrm{poly}(d^2 \log{n})$. This result significantly improves the best known results for decoding non-adaptive threshold group testing: $O(n\log{n} + n \log{\frac{1}{\epsilon}})$ for probabilistic decoding, where $\epsilon > 0$, and $O(n^u \log{n})$ for deterministic decoding

A framework for generalized group testing with inhibitors and its potential application in neuroscience

The main goal of group testing with inhibitors (GTI) is to efficiently identify a small number of defective items and inhibitor items in a large set of items. A test on a subset of items is positive if the subset satisfies some specific properties. Inhibitor items cancel the effects of defective items, which often make the outcome of a test containing defective items negative. Different GTI models can be formulated by considering how specific properties have different cancellation effects. This work introduces generalized GTI (GGTI) in which a new type of items is added, i.e., hybrid items. A hybrid item plays the roles of both defectives items and inhibitor items. Since the number of instances of GGTI is large (more than 7 million), we introduce a framework for classifying all types of items non-adaptively, i.e., all tests are designed in advance. We then explain how GGTI can be used to classify neurons in neuroscience. Finally, we show how to realize our proposed scheme in practice

A stochastic model of the influence of buffer gas collisions on Mollow spectra

In this paper we consider the influence of collisional fluctuations on the Mollow spectra of resonance fluorescence (RF). The fluctuations are taken into account by a simple shift of the constant detuning, involved in a set of optical Bloch equations by collision frequency noise which is modelled by a two-step random telegraph signal (RTS). We consider in detail the Mollow spectra for RF in the case of an arbitrary detuning of the laser frequency, where the emitter is a member of a statistical ensemble in thermodynamic equilibrium with the buffer gas at temperature $T$ which is treated as a colored environment, and velocity $v$ is distributed with the Maxwell-Boltzmann density

The growth of ICT4D:impact in educational system in developing countries

Abstract. Problems in developing countries have been an issue for a long time. ICT4D was initiated to solve these problems, at least to ease the current problems to make living standard a bit better. ICT4D stands for information and communication for development, which uses advanced technology to bring opportunities for the people in many fields, such as in education. The term “developing countries” is hard to define, since it is defined by people from developed countries, but in this thesis, I will go through the definition and variables that defines the term. People think that money could solve the problem, but in fact it cannot stop the problems, but by using it to educate people, we can make use of the knowledge learned and thus improve people’s future. In this thesis, I will introduce ICT4D and the evolution of ICT4D, what kind of changes it has gone through to become what it is now. I will also define developing countries from few points of views and also defining human development index (HDI) and means for a better living standard. Next, I will talk about the education and how it could improve the living standard when implementing it properly and how ICT4D is having and could have an impact on the education in developing countries. Also, I will introduce few challenges that could be problematic but not impossible to solve and how huge of a digital divide is between developing and development countries. All of these affect the educational system in developing countries, and is considered as a highly important matters in digital economy, fortunately we have many movements such as ICT4D to tackle these issuesTiivistelmä. Kehitysmaiden ongelmat ovat olleet keskusteluaiheena jo pitkään. ICT4D-liike pantiin alulle ratkaisemaan näitä ongelmia tai ainakin helpottamaan nykyisiä ongelmia parantaakseen ihmisten elintasoa hieman paremmaksi. ICT4D tarkoittaa “tietoa ja viestintää kehitykselle”, jonka tarkoituksena on käyttää edistynyttä teknologiaa tarjoamaan mahdollisuuksia ihmisille monilla aloilla, kuten koulutusaloilla. “Kehitysmaat” käsitteenä on vaikea määritellä, sillä sana “kehitysmaat” ovat määritelleet maat, joissa teknologia on nykyaikaista ja arkipäiväistä. Tässä opinnäytetyössä käyn kuitenkin läpi ne muuttujat, jotka määrittelevät kyseisen termin. Monet ajattelevat, että raha voisi ratkaista näitä ongelmia, mutta tämä ei kuitenkaan ole totta, vaikkakin ongelmat helpottuvat hetkeksi, ongelma on vielä olemassa. Vain kouluttamalla ihmisiä ja hyödyntämällä nykyteknologiaa ja oppimaamme tietoa, voimme ratkaista ongelmia kehitysmaissa. Tässä työssä käyn läpi termin ICT4D:n ja sen evoluution, sekä millaisia ​​muutoksia se on käynyt läpi tullakseen sellaiseksi kuin se nyt on. Aion määritellä myös kehitysmaat muutamasta näkökulmasta ja myös inhimillisen kehityksen indeksin (HDI) ja keinoja paremman elintason saavuttamiseksi. Seuraavaksi opinnäytetyössäni puhun koulutuksesta ja kuinka se voisi parantaa kehitysmaiden elintasoa, kun sitä pannaan täytäntöön sopivalla tavalla ja miten ICT4D voi vaikuttaa kehitysmaiden koulutukseen. Aion myös esitellä muutamia haasteita, jotka voivat olla ongelmallisia, mutta joita ei ole mahdotonta ratkaista, ja miten valtava digitaalinen kuilu on kehittyneiden maiden ja kehitysmaiden välillä. Kaikki mainitut asiat vaikuttavat kehitysmaiden koulutusjärjestelmään, ja näitä pidetään erittäin tärkeänä digitaalitalouden aikana, onneksemme meillä on monia liikkeitä, kuten ICT4D, jotka ovat valmiita ratkaisemaan näitä ongelmia