DNA aneuploidy as a topographic malignant transformation pattern in a pleomorphic adenoma of long-term evolution: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>We present a case of long-term evolution of a submandibular pleomorphic adenoma. There is little information about topographic malignant transformation patterns of pleomorphic adenomas.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We extensively analyze a giant submandibular mixed tumor of 25-year evolution in a 57-year-old Caucasian woman. Deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy was evaluated in different superficial and deep areas using flow cytometry analysis and correlated with pathological and immunohistochemical characteristics. Superficial areas exhibited a typical histological pleomorphic adenoma pattern and were deoxyribonucleic acid diploid. Deep samples showed deoxyribonucleic acid aneuploidy, atypical histological benign features and expression of markers involved at an early-stage of malignant transformation, such as tumor protein 53 and antigen Ki67.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These findings revealed that deep tumor compartments may be involved in the initial stages of malignant transformation. Deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy analysis may provide an additional diagnosis tool and indicate 'uncertain' areas that require careful study to avoid diagnostic errors. Larger studies are needed to confirm our results and to evaluate the usefulness of the technique.</p

Rinometria acústica: correlação anatômica dos dois primeiros entalhes encontrados no rinograma Acoustic rhinometry: anatomic correlation of the first two notches found in the nasal echogram

O gráfico obtido pela rinometria acústica em indivíduos adultos, caucasianos, sem alterações nasais, mostra, com clareza, dois entalhes no início do rinograma; porém, na literatura existe controvérsia sobre sua correlação anatômica. OBJETIVO: Realizamos este estudo com o objetivo de obtermos dados que contribuam para a correlação anatômica destes dois entalhes. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Clínico prospectivo. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODO: Foram analisados os rinogramas de 35 indivíduos em condição basal, após o uso de vasoconstritor tópico nasal e após obliteração da válvula nasal com algodão embebido em vaselina. RESULTADOS: Identificou-se diminuição e aumento, estatisticamente significante, da área de secção transversal apenas do segundo entalhe após obliteração da v��lvula nasal e após o uso de vasoconstritor tópico nasal, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: A análise dos resultados sugeriu que o primeiro entalhe do rinograma se refere à narina e o segundo à válvula nasal como um todo.<br>The graphic obtained by acoustic rhinometry in Caucasian adult individuals with no nasal affections clearly shows two notches at the beginning of the nasal echogram. However, there are controversies in the literature concerning their anatomic correlation. AIM: The aim of this study was to obtain data that would contribute to the anatomic correlation of these two notches. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical prospective. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We analyzed the nasal echogram of 35 volunteers in basal conditions, after decongestion and after obstruction of the nasal valve by using cotton impregnated with Vaseline. RESULTS: We identified statistically significant reduction and increase of the cross-sectional area only for the second notch after obstruction of the nasal valve and after decongestion, respectively. CONCLUSION: The analysis of the results suggested that the first notch of the nasal echogram refers to the nostril and the second notch refers to the nasal valve as a whole