16 research outputs found

    Death as Archaeology of Transition: Thoughts and Materials

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    Papers from the II International Conference of Transition Archaeology: Death Archaeology 29th April – 1st May 201

    Megalitos en la Meseta sur : los dĂłlmenes de AzutĂ n y la Estrella (Toledo).

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    El arte rupestre en Canarias. Antecedentes y perspectiva de futuro

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    The Prehistory of the Canary Islands has elapsed by the roads of the romantic tradition until the present. Only from the 80's, has begun an interesting movement, that in spite all, continues submerged in the nationalism and in the isolation, rejecting all the novelties that yet there are produced. We have begun by studying the linear engravings of the south of Tenerife, demonstrating their graphic affinities with the African continent, and the responsible human groups for the settlement. From finding of the Zinete stone, we have attempted to locate the Prehistory of the Canary Islands in the Ancient World of the Mediterranean, proposing a Phoenico-punic origin for a settling based on economic motives, essentially the obtainment of the garum.La prĂ©histoire des Ăźles Canaries a Ă©tĂ© parcourue par les chemins de la tradition romantique. À partir des annĂ©es 80 seulement, est apparu un regain d'intĂ©rĂȘt, qui, malgrĂ© tout, continue Ă  ĂȘtre submergĂ© dans le nationalisme et l'isolationnisme, refusant toutes nouveautĂ©s. Nous avons commencĂ© par Ă©tudier les gravures linĂ©aires du sud de Tenerife, en dĂ©montrant leurs affinitĂ©s graphiques avec le continent africain, et les groupes humains responsables du peuplement. À partir de la dĂ©couverte de la pierre Zanata, nous avons tentĂ© d'insĂ©rer la PrĂ©histoire des Canaries dans le monde ancien de la MĂ©diterranĂ©e, en proposant une origine fĂ©nico-punique Ă  une colonisation basĂ©e sur des motifs Ă©conomiques, essentiellement sur l'obtention du garum.De Balbin Behrmann Rodrigo, Bueno-Ramirez Primitiva. El arte rupestre en Canarias. Antecedentes y perspectiva de futuro. In: AntiquitĂ©s africaines, 34,1998. pp. 1-10

    Étude des peintures et des traces noires des hypogĂ©es de Coizard Le Razet et de Villevenard Les Ronces

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    Bila

    Pinturas EsquemĂĄticas en el Occidente de la Peninsula Iberica: las Sierras del Tajo Internacional y los Hallazgos en Valencia de AlcĂĄntara

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    Neste texto publicam-se os novos abrigos com arte rupestre identificados em valencia de AlcĂ ntara e contextualizam-se com a restante arte rupestre quer da Serra de S. Pedro (Espanha), quer da Serra de S. Mamede (Portugal

    La couleur dans les monuments mĂ©galithiques de l’Ouest de la France DĂ©couverte de peintures prĂ©historiques Ă  Barnenez (FinistĂšre) et quelques autres monuments du Morbihan

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    GouĂ©zin Philippe, Laporte Luc, De Balbin Behrmann Rodrigo, Bueno-Ramirez Primitiva. La couleur dans les monuments mĂ©galithiques de l’Ouest de la France DĂ©couverte de peintures prĂ©historiques Ă  Barnenez (FinistĂšre) et quelques autres monuments du Morbihan. In: Bulletin de la SociĂ©tĂ© prĂ©historique française, tome 110, n°3, 2013. pp. 541-545

    Funerary red (cinnabar versus ochre) and megalithic rituals in the central Iberian peninsula. The hypogean necropolis of Valle de las Higueras, Huecas, Toledo, Spain

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    The presence of cinnabar in collective graves in the interior of the Iberia reveals a symbolic role identifying ritual practices well known in megaliths in the south of the peninsula. The data from the necropolis of Valle de las Higueras at Toledo, in the context of the Chalcolithic of the peninsula interior (from the 4th to the 3rd millennium cal BC), provide a point of reference for discussing “funerary red” in later Prehistory. The exotic source of cinnabar, probably from AlmadĂ©n, adds an original aspect. While cinnabar was the “specific” funerary red of the south of the Iberia, the evidence found in Catalonia and south-eastern France reflects the major role played by the Ebro valley. Combined with the circuits for ivory, amber and gold, it underlines the role of the south in the emergence of funerary models that became particularly important across Europe in the 3rd millennium (at the same time as use of bell beakers reaches its hight). The data from Iberian megaliths from which pigment samples have been taken, shows a clear difference between the red used for the constructional features of the tombs, in stone or earth, and the red used for bones and human figurines. Cinnabar was reserved for the latter, while walls were decorated with iron oxides. The engraved decorations associated with painting on figurines are convincing proof of the importance of dyed clothing, as well as the more than probable presence of ceremonial garments, shrouds, body paint, tatoos or masks. Through the source of their red colour, the deceased possibly display narratives that come from their everyday life, such as the work of miners, or else their social position through clothes, tatoos and funerary body paint. On the basis of the archaeological evidence analysed here, various explanations can be suggested for the use of cinnabar : a rituality in which red plays the role of a sign of life and death with symbols that persist throughout the Iberian Neolithic and Chalcolithic.La prĂ©sence de cinabre dans les sĂ©pultures collectives du centre de la pĂ©ninsule IbĂ©rique, montre un rĂŽle symbolique identifiant des pratiques rituelles bien connues dans les mĂ©galithes du sud de la pĂ©ninsule. Les donnĂ©es obtenues sur la nĂ©cropole de Valle de las Higueras Ă  Toledo, dans le contexte du Chalcolithique de l’intĂ©rieur pĂ©ninsulaire (dĂšs le IVe jusqu’au IIIe millĂ©naire cal BC), constituent un point de repĂšre pour rĂ©flĂ©chir sur le « rouge funĂ©raire » dans la PrĂ©histoire rĂ©cente. La source exotique de cinabre, probablement d'AlmadĂ©n, ajoute un Ă©lĂ©ment unique. Alors que le cinabre Ă©tait le rouge funĂ©raire « spĂ©cifique » du sud de la pĂ©ninsule IbĂ©rique, les indices trouvĂ©s en Catalogne et dans le sud-est de la France tĂ©moignent du rĂŽle majeur jouĂ© par la vallĂ©e de l’Èbre. S'ajoutant aux circuits de l’ivoire, de l’ambre et de l’or, il souligne le rĂŽle du sud dans l’apparition de modĂšles funĂ©raires qui, au troisiĂšme millĂ©naire (en mĂȘme temps que l'utilisation des gobelets campaniformes est Ă  son apogĂ©e), devient particuliĂšrement importante dans toute l'Europe. Les informations provenant des mĂ©galithes ibĂ©riques oĂč des pigments ont Ă©tĂ© prĂ©levĂ©s, montrent une nette diffĂ©rence entre le rouge utilisĂ© dans les structures architectoniques des tombes, de pierre ou de terre, et le rouge utilisĂ© pour les os et les figurines humaines. Le cinabre Ă©tait rĂ©servĂ© Ă  ces derniers tandis que les parois sont dĂ©corĂ©es avec des oxydes du fer. Les dĂ©corations gravĂ©es associĂ©es Ă  la peinture sur les figurines sont une preuve convaincante de la valeur des vĂȘtements teints, ainsi que de la prĂ©sence plus que probable de vĂȘtements de cĂ©rĂ©monie, de linceuls, de peintures corporelles, de tatouages ou de masques. Il est possible que les dĂ©funts affichent, Ă  travers la source de leur couleur rouge, des rĂ©cits qui proviennent de leur vie quotidienne, comme le travail des mineurs, ou encore leur valeur sociale par les vĂȘtements, les tatouages et les peintures corporelles funĂ©raires. On peut envisager une variĂ©tĂ© d’explications par rapport Ă  l’usage du cinabre, si on tient compte du registre archĂ©ologique ici analysĂ© : une ritualitĂ© oĂč le rouge joue le rĂŽle de signe de la vie et de la mort avec des symboles qui perdurent tout au long du NĂ©olithique et du Chalcolithique ibĂ©riques.Bueno-Ramirez Primitiva, Barroso bermejo Rosa marĂ­a, De Balbin Behrmann Rodrigo. Funerary red (cinnabar versus ochre) and megalithic rituals in the central Iberian peninsula. The hypogean necropolis of Valle de las Higueras, Huecas, Toledo, Spain. In: Bulletin de la SociĂ©tĂ© prĂ©historique française, tome 116, n°1, 2019. pp. 73-93

    Anthropomorphic images as origins of ancestor's "caves". The Stele-Menhir of Anta do Telhal, Arraiolos, Évora, Portugal

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    Neste texto apresentam-se os resultados do estudo duma estela incorporada na Anta do Telhal em Arraiolo

    Le douziĂšme dolmen de Barnenez: destructions et reconstructions au sein d’une nĂ©cropole mĂ©galithique

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    The southern tumulus of Barnenez, situated on the north coast of FinistĂšre, is one of the most famous Breton megaliths. It was excavated during the 1950s by P.-R. Giot, and the results published in 1987. Since then, data concerning this well-preserved monument have not been updated with the new knowledge regarding megaliths gained over the last three decades. In 2010, an international research program began on this tumulus, integrating an ongoing PhD at Rennes 1 University. The first part of the study concerns the ornamentation inside the funerary areas, with the discovery of paintings and the redefining of the engravings. The second section is an architectural study through interpretation of the elevations thanks to the use of archaeological building methodology. Both revealed multiple phases inside the tumulus, unveiling a complex history. This article will focus on two structures of the tumulus which contain discreet evidence of that substantial history, before the monument attained its imposing final form, seventy metres long. The first structure is passage grave H. Two registers of ornamentation have been found, revealing two distinct and successive phases inside the chamber. In the passage, the architectural study showed some ruptures in the constructional mode, revealing extensions of the passage. Passage grave H seems to have had a previous state, destroyed by the Neolithic builders themselves. We decided to do a survey to test if the previous monument had left marks on the ground of the current passage grave. The results exceeded our expectations, with conservation of the plan and of part of the cairn with, in several places, two courses in elevation. Not all the monument was levelled off, the orthostats of the end of the chamber remained in place, integrated into the current chamber, which explains the differences of ornamentation. The survey proves that a monument was dismantled and partially reused in the current dolmen H. It is one of the first times we can prove the reuse of stones taken from a dolmen to be integrated within another. We needed all the megalithic architectural elements, marks on the ground, on the elevations and on the ornamentation, to partially understand the architectural history of dolmen H. The second part studied is the western façade of the tumulus. It contains a row of many raised stones, whose wider sides face the bay of Morlaix. This alignment is a kind of buttress used to block the external mass of the tumulus against the slope on which it was built. Furthermore, resemblances have been found between the stones of the façade and alignments of raised stones in the open air. The main result, however, lies in the similarity between the organisation of these stones and those inside the passage graves, with shared rhythms in the forms and the geology of the blocks as criteria. This western façade shows, as it were, a flat version or representation of the walls of an orthostatic passage grave. This alignment of raised stones is an architectural manual to explain the internal space of a dolmen and how to build it. The corresponding dolmens inside the tumulus bore marks of extensions of the passage with the addition of new slabs, matching the phases of the tumulus. The alignment includes these extensions but with differences in rhythm. It allows us to suggest that the raised stones came from the dismantling of another dolmen, with its own architectural history, different from the tumulus, but “ embedded” or recorded in the western façade. The southern tumulus of Barnenez provides evidence that the Neolithic builders did not avoid the destruction of a previous monument in order to build a new architectural project, where the stones could be reused. To restrict this process only to the large broken menhirs, initially raised in open areas, was probably a misinterpretation.À la suite des travaux de P.-R. Giot, rĂ©alisĂ©s Ă  partir du milieu des annĂ©es 1950, le tumulus sud de Barnenez, situĂ© sur la cĂŽte nord du FinistĂšre, est l’un des plus emblĂ©matiques parmi les mĂ©galithes bretons. Depuis lors, les connaissances concernant ce monument de soixante-dix mĂštres de long n’avaient guĂšre Ă©tĂ© renouvelĂ©es, si ce n’est par la publication de la monographie correspondant Ă  ces travaux, Ă  la fin des annĂ©es 1980. Trente ans plus tard, ce fut notamment l’objet d’un programme de recherche international et d’une thĂšse Ă  l’universitĂ© Rennes 1. Il mĂȘle l’étude de l’ornementation des espaces internes et celle de l’architecture. Parmi les rĂ©sultats obtenus, la chambre H et son couloir montraient des Ă©vidences d’état antĂ©rieur Ă  celui que l’on observe aujourd’hui. Nous avons donc dĂ©cidĂ© de rĂ©aliser un sondage pour rechercher des traces Ă©ventuelles de l’état antĂ©rieur au sol. Les rĂ©sultats ont dĂ©passĂ© nos attentes par la bonne conservation du plan du monument prĂ©cĂ©dent qui a Ă©tĂ© en grande partie volontairement dĂ©montĂ©. Son couloir dĂ©bouchait directement dans une chambre mĂ©galithique dont certains Ă©lĂ©ments sont encore en place. L’antichambre que nous connaissons aujourd’hui pour le dolmen H n’existait pas. L’étude de la façade occidentale a Ă©galement rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© une histoire architecturale complexe. Elle prĂ©sente de nombreuses pierres dressĂ©es. Il s’agit d’un renfort du tumulus contre la pente sur laquelle est construite la masse tumulaire. Mais, il y a Ă©galement une rĂ©elle mise en scĂšne proche de celle d’un alignement de pierres dressĂ©es Ă  l’air libre. De plus, des rapprochements ont Ă©tĂ© faits avec le rythme des orthostates d’autres dolmens du tumulus, nous permettant de dire que les pierres dressĂ©es de la façade occidentale pourraient Ă©galement provenir du dĂ©mantĂšlement d’un autre dolmen. RĂ©server un tel processus aux seuls cas particuliers du remploi de fragments de grandes «stĂšles » brisĂ©es, initialement dressĂ©es Ă  l’air libre, fut probablement un contresens.Laporte Luc, Cousseau Florian, Bueno-Ramirez Primitiva, De Balbin Behrmann Rodrigo, GouĂ©zin Philippe. Le douziĂšme dolmen de Barnenez: destructions et reconstructions au sein d’une nĂ©cropole mĂ©galithique. In: Bulletin de la SociĂ©tĂ© prĂ©historique française, tome 114, n°1, 2017. pp. 93-114
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