Avaliação da resposta tecidual e capacidade de mineralização de cimentos que contém compostos biocerâmicos, resinosos e com hidróxido de cálcio

The cleaning and shaping of root canals is essential to achieve biological and mechanical goals in the endodontic treatment, providing the appropriate conical shape for subsequent obturation. The optimal obturation is a combination of a sealer with a central core, usually gutta percha, spreading and filling possible gaps. Once there is a direct contact with periapical tissue, the sealer should be biocompatible and, if possible, stimulate mineralization to perform an apical sealing. In order to evaluate in vivo biological response and tissue mineralization capacity of the endodontic sealers Smartpaste Bio® Sealapex® and Acroseal®, subcutaneous implants in 40 Wistar rats were performed. Analisys were at 7, 15, 30 and 60 days experimental periods (10 animals for each time period). Each animal received four implants, three polyethylene tubes with the sealers in test and one empty tube as control. After each post-operative period animals were euthanized and the polyethylene tubes, along with surrounding tissue were removed and fixed. In order to histologically analysis fibrous capsule thickness, inflammatory infiltrate and mineralization, the pieces were included in historesin and stained in HE, Von Kossa or remained without staining for observation under polarized light. The results were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn (p<0,05). Results: All sealers promoted moderate inflammatory reaction at initial periods. Smartpaste Bio® presented the lowest inflammatory reaction at 15 days period (p<0.05). Sealapex® induced higher mineralization, followed by Smartpaste Bio®. Acroseal® showed no mineralization areas. Conclusion: At the end of the experiment, all tested sealers presented biocompatibility. With exception of Acroseal, all induced biomineralization.A obturação ideal é uma combinação de um cimento com um material sólido, geralmente guta percha, que corrobora com o escoamento do cimento fluido, espalhando-o e preenchendo possíveis espaços vazios. Em virtude da possibilidade de contato direto com os tecidos periapicais, estes cimentos devem ser biocompatíveis e, se possível, estimular a mineralização para proporcionar selamento apical. Com o objetivo de avaliar, in vivo, a resposta tecidual e a capacidade de mineralização dos cimentos endodônticos Smartpaste® Bio, Sealapex® e Acroseal®, foi realizado implante subcutâneo em 40 ratos Wistar e adotados os períodos experimentais de 7, 15, 30 e 60 dias (10 animais por período de tempo). Cada animal recebeu quatro implantes, três tubos de polietileno com os cimentos a serem testados e um tubo vazio como controle. Após cada período pós-operatório, os animais foram eutanasiados e os tubos de polietileno, juntamente com o tecido circunjacente foram removidos e fixados. Para a análise histológica da espessura da cápsula fibrosa, infiltrado inflamatório e mineralização as peças foram incluídas em historresina, e coradas em HE, Von Kossa ou permaneceram sem coloração para a luz polarizada. Os resultados foram submetidos ao teste de Kruskal Wallis e Dunn (p<0,05). Resultados: Todos os cimentos produziram reação inflamatória moderada nos períodos iniciais. O Smartpaste Bio® apresentou a menor reação inflamatória aos 15 dias (p<0,05). O Sealapex® induziu maior mineralização, seguido do Smartpaste Bio®. O Acroseal® não apresentou indução de mineralização. Conclusão: Ao final do experimento, todos os cimentos testados apresentaram compatibilidade tecidual. Com exceção do Acroseal, todos induziram mineralização

Calcium hydroxide associated with a new vehicle: Psidium cattleianum leaf extracts. Tissue response evaluation

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate edemogenic activity and subcutaneous inflammatory reaction induced by Psidium cattleianum leaf extracts associated with Ca(OH)2. Thirty male Wistar rats, split equally into three groups [aqueous extract + Ca(OH)2; ethanolic extract + Ca(OH)2; and propylene glycol + Ca(OH)2], were assessed every 3 h or 6 h (five animals in each period). Under general anesthesia, 0.2 mL of 1% Evans blue per 100 g of body weight was injected into the penile vein and each combination to be evaluated was subcutaneously injected into the dorsal region 30 min thereafter. Edemogenic activity was analyzed by spectrophotometry (λ=630 nm). For inflammatory reaction analysis, 50 rats received four polyethylene tubes (three experimental groups) and an empty tube (control group). The assessments were made at 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days, followed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and by the assignment of scores for evaluation of tissue response intensity. Ethanolic extract + Ca(OH)2 yielded the largest edemogenic activity at 3 h. Intergroup differences at 6 h were not significant. The histological analysis showed progressive repair over time (p<0.05) and aqueous and ethanolic extracts produced similar responses to those of the control and Ca(OH)2 + propylene glycol groups. Psidium cattleianum leaf extracts used as Ca(OH)2 vehicles evoked similar tissue response when compared to Ca(OH)2 associated with propylene glycol

Biocompatibility, Biomineralization and Induction of Collagen Maturation with the Use of Calcium Hydroxide and Iodoform Intracanal Dressing

Biocompatibility and biomineralization of root canal dressings are important requirements for periapical healing. This study evaluated the inflammatory response, biomineralization and tissue repair by collagen fiber maturation in the subcutaneous tissue of rats. Eighteen Wistar rats (n = 6) received subcutaneous implants: calcium hydroxide + propylene glycol [CH+P], calcium hydroxide + propylene glycol + iodoform [CH+P+I], iodoform + carbowax [I+Cwax] and carbowax [Cwax]. Extra empty tubes were used as a control [C]. After 7, 15 and 30 days, the implants were removed with surrounding tissue for staining of hematoxylin-eosin, Von Kossa, picrosirius red and without staining for analysis under polarized light. Results were analyzed via Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn testing for nonparametric data and ANOVA followed by a Tukey post hoc test for parametric data (p 0.05). Only groups containing calcium hydroxide were found to be positive using Von Kossa staining and polarized light in all periods. At 7 days, all groups showed a higher proportion of immature fibers. At 15 days, the [CH+P] and [Cwax] groups increased their proportion of mature/immature fibers. At 30 days, only the [CH+P] group presented a significant prevalence of mature collagen fibers (p < 0.05). All groups showed biocompatibility, but only groups containing calcium hydroxide induced biomineralization. The addition of iodoform delayed tissue healing

Cleaning effectiveness of a nickel-titanium ultrasonic tip in ultrasonically activated irrigation: a SEM study

Abstract In endodontic treatment, regardless of the instrumentation technique, the presence of a smear layer covering contaminated dentin walls is always a concern. Thus, irrigation plays an essential role in reducing bacterial load. To enhance irrigation effectiveness, different ultrasonic activation methods and the use of different tips have been studied. This study assessed the cleaning capacity of the novel NiTi ultrasonic tip for smear layer removal using ultrasonically activated irrigation (UAI) with passive or continuous ultrasonic irrigation (PUI or CUI, respectively), compared with conventional irrigation. Forty-five single-rooted human mandibular premolars were decoronated to a standardized length of 16 mm. Instrumentation was performed using the Genius system up to size 50.04 and irrigated with 3% NaOCl. The specimens were divided into three groups (n = 15) according to the final irrigation activation technique: conventional irrigation (CI), as control group; PUI; and CUI, following the manufacturer’s protocol. The samples were longitudinally cleaved and analyzed under a scanning electron microscope for smear layer removal according to a cleanliness score for the cervical, middle, and apical thirds. Data were evaluated by means of the Kruskal-Wallis and Tukey’s tests, with a 5% level of significance. UAI enhanced cleaning compared to conventional irrigation, mainly at the apical third. CUI showed the best results, with statistically significant lower scores than PUI and CI (p < 0.05). Final irrigant activation with the NiTi tip showed better cleaning capacity than conventional irrigation. In addition, CUI resulted in better smear layer removal than PUI

Effects of cigarette smoke inhalation on the immune-inflammatory profile of experimental apical periodontitis in rats

Objective To evaluate the effects of cigarette smoke inhalation on the immune-inflammatory profile of experimental apical periodontitis in rats. Methodology In total, 32 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 8): AP—induced apical periodontitis; S—cigarette smoke inhalation; APS—induced AP and cigarette smoke inhalation; and C (control)—neither AP nor cigarette smoke inhalation. To induce cigarette smoke inhalation, the animals were kept in a chamber filled with tobacco smoke for 8 min thrice a day for 50 days. AP was induced 20 days after inhalation initiation by exposing their coronary pulp to their oral environment for 30 days. After animals were euthanized, their right hemimaxillae were removed for histopathological, semi-quantitative and immunohistochemical (F4/80, CD206 and iNOS) analyses. Results Quantitative data showed a moderate number of inflammatory infiltrates in AP and an intense number in APS (p \u3c .05). Comparing F4/80+ cells showed no statistically significant differences among groups, but we found more CD206+ cells in AP than in C and S (p \u3e .05). INOS+ immunostaining showed a significant increase in AP and APS, when compared with C and S (p \u3c .05). APS had more iNOS+ cells than AP (p \u3c .05). Conclusion Cigarette smoke inhalation worsened AP, leading to a predominantly pro- inflammatory profile in our experimental model

Cyclic fatigue resistance of novel Genius and Edgefile nickel-titanium reciprocating instruments

Abstract: This study aimed to assess the cyclic fatigue resistance of Genius and EdgeFile X1 reciprocating instruments compared with WaveOne Gold Primary. Twenty Genius (Ultradent) 25.04, 20 Genius 30.04, 20 EdgeFile X1 (EdgeEndo) and 20 WaveOne Gold Primary (Dentsply Maillefer) instruments were included in this study and tested in a static cyclic fatigue testing device, which has an artificial stainless steel canal with a 60° angle of curvature and a 5-mm radius of curvature. All instruments were operated in reciprocation mode until fracture occurred. The number of cycles to failure (NCF) was calculated and time to fracture (TF) was recorded in seconds using a digital chronometer. The mean and standard deviations of NCF and TF were calculated for each reciprocating system and the data were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance and to Dunn's test (p < .05) using SigmaPlot software (Systat software, CA, USA). The fractured surfaces of five instruments from each brand were randomly examined and microphotographed by a low-vacuum environmental scanning electron microscopy – SEM (Tabletop Microscope TM3030, Hitachi, Japan) to confirm the cyclic fatigue fracture. EdgeFile exhibited the highest cyclic fatigue resistance, followed by both Genius files (p < .05). Within the limitations of this in vitro study, EdgeFile X1 instruments had significantly higher cyclic fatigue resistance than did Genius and WaveOne Gold Primary instruments. The cyclic fatigue resistance of both Genius files was higher than that of WaveOne Gold Primary