On the structure of framed vertex operator algebras and their pointwise frame stabilizers

In this paper, we study the structure of a general framed vertex operator algebra. We show that the structure codes (C,D) of a framed VOA V satisfy certain duality conditions. As a consequence, we prove that every framed VOA is a simple current extension of the associated binary code VOA V_C. This result would give a prospect on the classification of framed vertex operator algebras. In addition, the pointwise frame stabilizer of V is studied. We completely determine all automorphisms in this pointwise stabilizer, which are of order 1, 2 or 4. The 4A-twisted sector and the 4A-twisted orbifold theory of the famous Moonshine VOA are also constructed explicitly. We verify that the top module of this twisted sector is of dimension 1 and of weight 3/4 and the VOA obtained by 4A-twisted orbifold construction of the moonshine VOA is isomorphic to the moonshine VOA itself.Comment: Version 3: 59 pages. Corrected version. 54 pages on my LaTeX system version 2: We add Theorem 5.16 in which we give a necessary and sufficient condtion for a code to be a structure code of a holomorphic framed VOA. "hyperref" style is also introduce

Modelling of atmospheric boundary layer: Generation of shear.

Roughness length, z0 and friction velocity, u* are the defining parameters of wind log profile that must be matched in wind tunnel simulation. To fully understand the role of these parameters, the basics and review from the primitive equations and its relation to the logarithmic profile obtained for wind tunnel conditions were discussed. The problem of roughness, although well known, still needs to be addressed more rigorously especially when determining values of z0 and u* from wind tunnel data and their relation to the roughness element geometry. A review of classic literature and new published material were carried out, focusing on the applicability to wind tunnel modelling

European Starling Use of Nest Boxes Relative to Human Disturbance

European starling (Sturnus vulgaris; starling) nesting poses debris hazards within airport hangars and to engine and flight surfaces of moored aircraft. We questioned whether consistent removal of nest material would negatively affect use of a nest site, measured by a reduction in material accumulation. We conducted our study on a 2,200-ha site in Erie County, Ohio, USA (41° 22’ N, 82° 41’ W), from April 15 through June 2, 2020. We used 120 wooden nest boxes on utility poles, protected by an aluminum predator guard below the box. Our treatments included (1) twice weekly, repeated nest material removal (RMR; n = 40 nest boxes); (2) complete nest removal, but only after nest construction and ≥1 starling egg was laid (CNR; n = 40 nest boxes); and (3) a control; n = 40 nest boxes; N = 120 nest boxes). Starlings deposited approximately 50% greater mass of nest material and eggs at RMR than CNR nest boxes, indicating that consistent disturbance failed to dissuade use. Predator guard protection of nest boxes at our site reduced nest predation of starlings; the current starling population is likely adapted to selecting these sites. Similar selection toward low nest-predation risk associated with anthropogenic structures and moored aircraft is also possible. Aside from covering moored aircraft and closing hangar doors, actions not necessarily feasible, removal of starling nesting material more than twice weekly would be necessary to maintain minimum control over material deposition that could affect aircraft function and safety

The in vivo form of the murine class VIPOU protein Emb is larger than that encoded by previously described transcripts

The class VI POU domain family member known as Emb in the mouse (rat Bm5 or human mPOU/TCFbeta1) is present in vivo as a protein migrating at about 80 kDa on western blots, considerably larger than that predicted (about 42 kDa) from previously cloned coding sequences. By RT-PCR and 5´ RACE strategies a full-length Emb sequence, Emb FL, is now identified. Shorter sequences encoding the -COOH terminal, and an -NH2 terminal isoform, EmbN, were also isolated. Comparisons of Emb coding sequences between species, including the full-length zebra fish, POU(c), are presented, together with a compilation of the multiple transcripts produced by alternative splicing and the presence of different transcriptional start and stop sites, from the Emb gene

Decoherence in qubits due to low-frequency noise

The efficiency of the future devices for quantum information processing is limited mostly by the finite decoherence rates of the qubits. Recently a substantial progress was achieved in enhancing the time, which a solid-state qubit demonstrates a coherent dynamics. This progress is based mostly on a successful isolation of the qubits from external decoherence sources. Under these conditions the material-inherent sources of noise start to play a crucial role. In most cases the noise that quantum device demonstrate has 1/f spectrum. This suggests that the environment that destroys the phase coherence of the qubit can be thought of as a system of two-state fluctuators, which experience random hops between their states. In this short review we discuss the current state of the theory of the decoherence due to the qubit interaction with the fluctuators. We describe the effect of such an environment on different protocols of the qubit manipulations - free induction and echo signal. It turns out that in many important cases the noise produced by the fluctuators is non-Gaussian. Consequently the results of the interaction of the qubit with the fluctuators are not determined by the pair correlation function only. We describe the effect of the fluctuators using so-called spin-fluctuator model. Being quite realistic this model allows one to evaluate the qubit dynamics in the presence of one fluctuator exactly. This solution is found, and its features, including non-Gaussian effects are analyzed in details. We extend this consideration for the systems of large number of fluctuators, which interact with the qubit and lead to the 1/f noise. We discuss existing experiments on the Josephson qubit manipulation and try to identify non-Gaussian behavior.Comment: 25 pages, 7 figure

Critical Ultrasonics Near the Superfluid Transition : Finite Size Effects

The suppression of order parameter fluctuations at the boundaries causes the ultrasonic attenuation near the superfluid transition to be lowered below the bulk value. We calculate explicitly the first deviation from the bulk value for temperatures above the lambda point. This deviation is significantly larger than for static quantities like the thermodynamic specific heat or other transport properties like the thermal conductivity. This makes ultrasonics a very effective probe for finite size effects.Comment: 10 pages (LaTeX), 1 figure (PostScript

Using XML and XSLT for flexible elicitation of mental-health risk knowledge

Current tools for assessing risks associated with mental-health problems require assessors to make high-level judgements based on clinical experience. This paper describes how new technologies can enhance qualitative research methods to identify lower-level cues underlying these judgements, which can be collected by people without a specialist mental-health background. Methods and evolving results: Content analysis of interviews with 46 multidisciplinary mental-health experts exposed the cues and their interrelationships, which were represented by a mind map using software that stores maps as XML. All 46 mind maps were integrated into a single XML knowledge structure and analysed by a Lisp program to generate quantitative information about the numbers of experts associated with each part of it. The knowledge was refined by the experts, using software developed in Flash to record their collective views within the XML itself. These views specified how the XML should be transformed by XSLT, a technology for rendering XML, which resulted in a validated hierarchical knowledge structure associating patient cues with risks. Conclusions: Changing knowledge elicitation requirements were accommodated by flexible transformations of XML data using XSLT, which also facilitated generation of multiple data-gathering tools suiting different assessment circumstances and levels of mental-health knowledge