On inbreeding in Jersey cattle

1. Inbreeding in jersey cattle: the possibility of yield and quality of milk being inherited in a sex linked manner. 2. The inheritance of milk yield in Ayrshire cows 3. The inheritance of milk yield 4. Studies on the inheritance of yield and quality of milk in dairy cattle

Mathematical Analysis and Simulations of the Neural Circuit for Locomotion in Lamprey

We analyze the dynamics of the neural circuit of the lamprey central pattern generator (CPG). This analysis provides insights into how neural interactions form oscillators and enable spontaneous oscillations in a network of damped oscillators, which were not apparent in previous simulations or abstract phase oscillator models. We also show how the different behaviour regimes (characterized by phase and amplitude relationships between oscillators) of forward/backward swimming, and turning, can be controlled using the neural connection strengths and external inputs.Comment: 4 pages, accepted for publication in Physical Review Letter

Vertical Distribution of Zooplankton in Eastern Lancaster Sound and Western Baffin Bay, July-October 1978

Zooplankton samples (n=150) collected from 23 July to 10 October 1978 at 19 oceanographic stations were analyzed for species composition, abundance, biomass and vertical distribution. Sampling was by closing nets hauled vertically at five depth intervals between 0 and 1900 m. At least 116 species were present in the macro-zooplankton of the study area. Species not previously reported from the area included the copepods Spinocalanus horridus, Chiridiella reducta, Derjuginia tolli, Neoscolecithrix farrani?, Pachyptilus pacificus, Haloptilus longicirrus?, Mormonilla polaris, and Monstrilla longicirrus?. In addition, small numbers of the previously undescribed adult male stages of the copepods Aetideopsis multiserrata and A. rostrata were found. Three copepod species that appear to be new to science were also collected. The high numbers of species, new records for the area, and previously undescribed species or stages collected reflect the relatively intensive sampling, particularly in deep water. In general, the zooplankton was numerically dominated by copepods, particularly the calanoids Calanus glacialis, C. hyperboreus, Pseudocalanus minutus, Metridia longa and Microcalanus spp. and the cyclopoid Oithona similis. Most of these species (exceptions: Metridia langa and Microcalanus spp.) were most abundant in the upper 50 m: total zooplankton numbers were also greatest there. However, one or more stages of each of these copepod species, except P. minutus, were present in depths as great as 1900 m. Factor analysis identified 10 zooplankton assemblages. Of these, two were virtually restricted to the upper 50 m, two were mainly in the upper 50 m but were also found throughout the water column, five were primarily deep water groups (one almost entirely restricted to deep water), and one was primarily an intermediate depth group.Key words: zooplankton, vertical distribution, Baffin Bay, Lancaster Sound, species composition, abundance, biomassMots clés: zooplancton, distribution verticale, Baie de Baffin, Détroit de Lancaster, composition, abondance, biomass

Collaborating for Improved Delivery of Health Care Services in the Horse Racing Industry: A University Interdisciplinary Program

This research describes the collaboration between the University of Louisville School of Nursing, the Latin and Latino Studies Program, and the Kentucky Racing Health and Welfare Fund to provide low to no cost comprehensive health care services to the backside workers (behind the scenes) in the thoroughbred horse racing industry. An integral part of this program is the Latin American and Latino Studies (LALS) internship, which provides students the opportunity to fulfill their requirement while providing a much- needed service to the racing industry’s primarily Hispanic population. Students complete a semester-long internship that enables them to refine their translation/interpretation skills in Spanish while developing a broader understanding of the impact of cultural determinants of health. Students have reported the experience to be professionally and personally rewarding and have identified it as “life-changing.

EPR identification of defects responsible for thermoluminescence in Cu-doped lithium tetraborate (Li2B4O7) crystals

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is used to identify the electron and hole traps responsible for thermoluminescence (TL) peaks occurring near 100 and 200 ◦C in copper-doped lithium tetraborate (Li2B4O7) crystals. As-grown crystals have Cu+ and Cu2+ ions substituting for lithium and have Cu+ ions at interstitial sites. All of the substitutional Cu2+ ions in the as-grown crystals have an adjacent lithium vacancy and give rise to a distinct EPR spectrum. Exposure to ionizing radiation at room temperature produces a second and different Cu2+ EPR spectrum when a hole is trapped by substitutional Cu+ ions that have no nearby defects. These two Cu2+ trapped-hole centers are referred to as Cu2+-VLi and Cu2+active, respectively. Also during the irradiation, two trapped-electron centers in the form of interstitial Cu0 atoms are produced when interstitial Cu+ ions trap electrons. They are observed with EPR and are labeled Cu0A and Cu0B. When an irradiated crystal is warmed from 25 to 150 ◦C, the Cu2+active centers have a partial decay step that correlates with the TL peak near 100 ◦C. The concentrations of Cu0A and Cu0B centers, however, increase as the crystal is heated through this range. As the crystal is futher warmed between 150 and 250 ◦C, the EPR signals from the Cu2+active hole centers and Cu0A and Cu0B electron centers decay simultaneously. This decay step correlates with the intense TL peak near 200 ◦C

Effect of top reinforcing on the fire performance of continuous reinforced concrete beams

This paper examines the behaviour of continuous reinforced concrete beams exposed to fire on three sides, in order to investigate the effect of different lengths of the top reinforcing bars over the supports. The study was performed with 2D finite element analysis using SAFIR. The effect of continuity was investigated with rectangular crosssection beams spanning over two and three bays subjected to the ISO 834 fire. Compared to a single span beam, the continuous beams resisted the fire exposure for a longer period of time. It was found that different lengths of the top reinforcing bars resulted in different failure mechanisms, but did not greatly affect the fire resistance of the beams . The influence of the full process of fire development was analysed using the ISO fire for 30, 60 and 90 minutes followed by a decay phase. Structural failure only occurred if the fully developed phase of the fire continued until very close to the failure time reached with no decay phase

Full-scale fire tests of post-tensioned timber beams

This paper describes a series of full-scale furnace tests on loaded post tensioned LVL beams. Each beam was designed to exhibit a specific failure mechanism when exposed to the standard ISO834 fire. In addition to the beams a number of steel anchorage protection schemes were also investigated. These included wrapping the ends in kaowool, using intumescent paint, covering the anchorage with fire rated plasterboard and covering the anchorage with timber (LVL). The results of the full-scale tests cover temperature distributions through the timber members during the tests, the temperatures reached within the cavity and those of the tendons suspended within the cavity, the relaxation of the tendons during the test, the failure mechanisms experienced, and a summary of the anchorage protection details and their effectiveness. Recommendations for the design of both post-tensioned timber beams and associated anchorages are also provided

Distributing the burdens of climate change

Global climate change raises many questions for environmental political theorists. This article focuses on the question of identifying the agents that should bear the financial burden of preventing dangerous climate change. Identifying in a fair way the agents that should take the lead in climate mitigation and adaptation, as well as the precise burdens that these parties must bear, will be a key aspect of the next generation of global climate policies. After a critical review of a number of rival approaches to burden sharing, the paper argues that only a principled and philosophically robust reconciliation of three approaches to burden sharing (‘contribution to problem’, ‘ability to pay’ and ‘beneficiary pays’) can generate a satisfactory mix of theoretical coherence and practical application

Reliable material characterisation at low x-ray energy through the phase-attenuation duality

We present a comparison of between two polychromatic X-ray imaging techniques used to characterise materials: dual energy (DE) attenuation and phase-attenuation (PA), the latter being implemented via a scanning-based Edge Illumination system. The system-independent method to extract electron density and effective atomic number developed by S.G. Azevedo et al IEEE Transactions on nuclear science, Vol. 63, 341 (2016) - SIRZ - is employed for the analysis of planar images, with the same methodology being used for both approaches. We show PA to be more reliable at low energy X-ray spectra (40 kVp), where conventional DE breaks down due to insufficient separation of the energies used in measurements, and to produce results comparable with “standard” DE implemented at high energy (120 kVp), therefore offering a valuable alternative in applications where the use of high x-ray energy is impractical