"They have kidnapped our river" : dam removal conflicts in Catalonia and their relation to ecosystem services perceptions

Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu MdM-2015-0552River restoration is essential to guarantee access to ecosystem services provided by free-flowing rivers. One mechanism to restore rivers is the decommissioning of run-of-the-river dams, but restoration can create opposition as anthropised landscapes form part of the environmental history and imaginary. To facilitate decision-making, actorsʼ perceptions on ecosystem services for and against dam removal should be considered. We analyse perceptions on ecosystem services at two levels of study in Catalonia (Spain): the Catalan context and two local cases of dam removal in the Ter River Basin. Local case studies illustrate that combining participatory mapping and interviews makes contrasting values conspicuous and contributes to conflict understanding. Additionally, we acknowledge a dichotomy of perceptions between locals and outsiders, and the relevance of cultural values, environmental aesthetics, and history for actorsʼ positioning. We propose the engagement of local stakeholders at the basin level through participatory approaches for the sake of understanding water conflicts, as decision making will rarely achieve social sustainability without local support

Rethinking ecosystem service indicators for their application to intermittent rivers

© 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).In these times of strong pressure on aquatic ecosystems and water resources due to climate change and water abstraction, intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams (IRES) (rivers that periodically cease to flow and/or dry) have become valuable assets. Indeed, not only do they supply water but they also offer services for humanity. Despite a growing recognition towards IRES, information for assessing their ecosystem services (ES) remains scarce. In a first step, an international interdisciplinary group of researchers developed a methodological framework to acknowledge ES provided by IRES using 109 indicators. A subset of selected ES indicators was then applied to two case studies: the Rio Seco in the Algarve (Portugal) and the Giofyros River in Crete (Greece). This paper discusses the applicability of these indicators, including the temporal and spatial variability of IRES flow regimes. Aspects of the framework, such as the methods and time required for data collection, the nature (demand or supply) and functionality of each indicator are discussed. The new framework accounts for flow intermittence in ES analyses and can help scientists and water managers to i) increase the ease and justification for IRES use in management approaches and ii) improve their conservation and restoration with a comprehensive set of appropriate indicators for IRES. In addition, the comprehensive nature of the proposed indicators ensures that they can be understood by a broad audience and easily applicable. Since they were designed through a public participation process, the setting has been prepared for holistic stakeholder analysis and education around IRES functions and associated ES. From a management point of view, it would be particularly relevant to perform an economic evaluation with this new framework to understand the value of each ES category and their trade-offs. For the scientific community, however, it is important to consider public preferences to design socially accepted policies. The proposed indicators can successfully bridge these elements, hereby establishing a solid basis for the assessment of ES provided by IRES.The authors thank the SMIRES COST ACTION CA15113 from the European Cooperation in Science and Technology for funding part of this research and especially the research grant that AV Pastor received in 2017: STSM reference number: CA15113-41532 entitled « Assessment of ecosystem services of an intermittent river in the South of Portugal ». The authors also thank Cristina Viegas, municipality of Faro (PT), Cristina Veiga-Pires (University of Algarve), Marques Afonso (APA-ARH, Faro, Portugal), Miguel Rodrigues (CCV Alg, PT), Helena Correie (Centro de formacao profesionais de Faro, PT), Ines Monteiro (Field Portuguese translator to English) for the Rio Seco CS and Marinos Kritsotakis, Aggeliki Martinou and Ioanna Mari, Manolis Dretakis, Foukarakis Michalis - officer, Antonaki Anna - officer, Filipakis Dimitris, Dimosthenis Isaakiidis and Giannakakis Thanos for the Giofyros CS. Additional funding was obtained from the Portuguese Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, through funding attributed to the CE3C research center (UIDB/00329/2020). DB was supported by CSIC Interdisciplinary Thematic Platform (PTI) Síntesis de Datos de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad (PTI-ECOBIODIV).Peer reviewe

What's in a name? Unpacking "participatory" environmental monitoring

International audienceWhile the number of projects that claim to conduct participatory environmental monitoring (PEM) is growing, "participation" continues to be translated into very different practices. We performed a systematic review of PEM projects reported in peer-reviewed journals (n = 146) to explore the main ways in which participation is operationalized and whose interests it serves. We found that local people were mainly involved in PEM projects through data collection, while professionals dominated during the ideation and design of the projects, as well as during the evaluation and use of data. Data collected through PEM was mainly used by professionals and researchers (56% of the cases that provided information on this topic), and less often used by local communities (20%). Our findings indicate that in most PEM projects published in scientific journals, participation is mostly functional in the sense that local peoples' involvement is framed so that they contribute to the gathering of information in a cost-effective way, while their potential interests in shaping the purpose and format of the project and use of the data appear overlooked. Overall, the actual practice of most PEM projects analyzed appears to foster participation in a very limited sense of the word. Although some studies document strong empowerment effects of PEM programs, many studies are superficial in their documentation of this aspect or they do not involve local people beyond collecting data

Ecosystem services and social perception

In a nutshell:▪ There is a variety of benefits that IRES provide to our societies, from the provision of materials such as water and timber, to iconic species, the regulation of biogeochemical cycles, and space for cultural manifestation and as a corridor for both wild and herded animals.▪ Drying and rewetting processes, timing and duration of different aquatic phases, have an effect on the biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, as well as on the provision of ecosystem services and on the social perception of them.▪ There are intrinsic and relational values associated to IRES that are not usually recognised, including sense of place, cultural identity, social cohesion or nature stewardship.▪ There is a long list of indicators that can be used to assess the provision of ecosystem services, and different techniques of monetary and non-monetary methods can be applied to assess their value.▪ Public participation is also necessary to understand the multiple values of IRES and to improve social perception. Participatory mapping, citizen science, and scenario planning are some of the methodologies can be employed

Genetic regulation of immunoglobulin E level in different pathological states: integration of mouse and human genetics

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) first evolved in mammals. It plays an important role in defence against helminths and parasitic infection and in pathological states including allergic reactions, anti-tumour defence and autoimmune diseases. Elucidation of genetic control of IgE level could help us to understand regulation of the humoral immune response in health and disease, the etiology and pathogenesis of many human diseases, and to facilitate discovery of more effective methods for their prevention and cure. Herein we summarise progress in the genetics of regulation of IgE level in human diseases and show that integration of different approaches and use of animal models have synergistic effects in gaining new knowledge about both protective and pathological roles of this important antibody

Search for scalar leptoquarks from Z0 decays

We have searched for pair produced scalar leptoquarks each decaying to a quark and a charged lepton in a sample of 116 000 hadronic Z0 events produced at LEP. No candidate was detected and cross section and branching ratio limits are set for the above process at 95% CL. Mass limits are found to be about 42 GeV/c2 depending only slightly on the models used and a coupling times branching ratio exclusion line is drawn for a scalar leptoquark with a free coupling. We have also probed the mass region above 45 GeV/c2 for a singly produced scalar leptoquark and set limits on the cross section and the coupling λ2/4π up to 60 GeV.0SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe