Tenencia responsable y zoonosis: conceptos básicos de la tenencia responsable

Tenencia responsable es el conjunto de obligaciones que adquiere una persona o familia cuando decide adoptar un animal de compañía para asegurar su bienestar, así como el de las personas y el entorno que lo rodea. Para poder asegurar el bienestar de los animales se deben contemplar las necesidades de los mismos, entendiéndose por necesidad a un requisito fundamental en la biología del animal para obtener un recurso en particular o responder a un estímulo ambiental o corporal. Si no se provee lo que una necesidad implica, se afectará la fisiología o conducta del individuo. La observación de la fisiología o de un efecto que puede estar ligado a la ausencia de un cierto recurso es una indicación de falta de cuidado humano Las cinco necesidades de los animales (mal llamadas “5 libertades” por la traducción literal del término Freedom del Inglés, cuando el concepto filosófico correcto es hablar de necesidades) son: 1. Necesidad de no padecer de hambre y sed 2. Necesidad de no padecer de incomodidad 3. Necesidad de no padecer de dolor, lesión ni enfermedad 4. Necesidad de expresar el comportamiento normal. 5. Necesidad de no padecer miedo ni aflicciónFacultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Tenencia responsable y zoonosis: conceptos básicos de la tenencia responsable

Tenencia responsable es el conjunto de obligaciones que adquiere una persona o familia cuando decide adoptar un animal de compañía para asegurar su bienestar, así como el de las personas y el entorno que lo rodea. Para poder asegurar el bienestar de los animales se deben contemplar las necesidades de los mismos, entendiéndose por necesidad a un requisito fundamental en la biología del animal para obtener un recurso en particular o responder a un estímulo ambiental o corporal. Si no se provee lo que una necesidad implica, se afectará la fisiología o conducta del individuo. La observación de la fisiología o de un efecto que puede estar ligado a la ausencia de un cierto recurso es una indicación de falta de cuidado humano Las cinco necesidades de los animales (mal llamadas “5 libertades” por la traducción literal del término Freedom del Inglés, cuando el concepto filosófico correcto es hablar de necesidades) son: 1. Necesidad de no padecer de hambre y sed 2. Necesidad de no padecer de incomodidad 3. Necesidad de no padecer de dolor, lesión ni enfermedad 4. Necesidad de expresar el comportamiento normal. 5. Necesidad de no padecer miedo ni aflicciónFacultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Tenencia responsable y zoonosis: conceptos básicos de la tenencia responsable

Tenencia responsable es el conjunto de obligaciones que adquiere una persona o familia cuando decide adoptar un animal de compañía para asegurar su bienestar, así como el de las personas y el entorno que lo rodea. Para poder asegurar el bienestar de los animales se deben contemplar las necesidades de los mismos, entendiéndose por necesidad a un requisito fundamental en la biología del animal para obtener un recurso en particular o responder a un estímulo ambiental o corporal. Si no se provee lo que una necesidad implica, se afectará la fisiología o conducta del individuo. La observación de la fisiología o de un efecto que puede estar ligado a la ausencia de un cierto recurso es una indicación de falta de cuidado humano Las cinco necesidades de los animales (mal llamadas “5 libertades” por la traducción literal del término Freedom del Inglés, cuando el concepto filosófico correcto es hablar de necesidades) son: 1. Necesidad de no padecer de hambre y sed 2. Necesidad de no padecer de incomodidad 3. Necesidad de no padecer de dolor, lesión ni enfermedad 4. Necesidad de expresar el comportamiento normal. 5. Necesidad de no padecer miedo ni aflicciónFacultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Splicing-dependent NMD does not require the EJC in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a translation-linked process that destroys mRNAs with premature translation termination codons (PTCs). In mammalian cells, NMD is also linked to pre-mRNA splicing, usually PTCs trigger strong NMD only when positioned upstream of at least one intron. The exon junction complex (EJC) is believed to mediate the link between splicing and NMD in these systems. Here, we report that in Schizosaccharomyces pombe splicing also enhances NMD, but against the EJC model prediction, an intron stimulated NMD regardless of whether it is positioned upstream or downstream of the PTC and EJC components are not required. Still the effect of splicing seems to be direct—we have found that the important NMD determinant is the proximity of an intron to the PTC, not just the occurrence of splicing. On the basis of these results, we propose a new model to explain how splicing could affect NMD

A ten thousand frames per second readout MAPS for the EUDET beam telescope

Designed and manufactured in a commercial CMOS 0.35 μm OPTO process for equipping the EUDET beam telescope, MIMOSA26 is the first reticule size pixel sensor with digital output and integrated zero suppression. It features a matrix of pixels with 576 rows and 1152 columns, covering an active area of ~224 mm2. A single point resolution of about 4 μm was obtained with a pixel pitch of 18.4 μm. Its architecture allows a fast readout frequency of ~10 k frames/s. The paper describes the chip design, test and major characterisation outcome

Normalized long read RNA sequencing in chicken reveals transcriptome complexity similar to human

Background: Despite the significance of chicken as a model organism, our understanding of the chicken transcriptome is limited compared to human. This issue is common to all non-human vertebrate annotations due to the difficulty in transcript identification from short read RNAseq data. While previous studies have used single molecule long read sequencing for transcript discovery, they did not perform RNA normalization and 5'-cap selection which may have resulted in lower transcriptome coverage and truncated transcript sequences. Results: We sequenced normalised chicken brain and embryo RNA libraries with Pacific Bioscience Iso-Seq. 5' cap selection was performed on the embryo library to provide methodological comparison. From these Iso-Seq sequencing projects, we have identified 60 k transcripts and 29 k genes within the chicken transcriptome. Of these, more than 20 k are novel lncRNA transcripts with ~3 k classified as sense exonic overlapping lncRNA, which is a class that is underrepresented in many vertebrate annotations. The relative proportion of alternative transcription events revealed striking similarities between the chicken and human transcriptomes while also providing explanations for previously observed genomic differences. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the chicken transcriptome is similar in complexity compared to human, and provide insights into other vertebrate biology. Our methodology demonstrates the potential of Iso-Seq sequencing to rapidly expand our knowledge of transcriptomics

Nonsense-Mediated Decay Enables Intron Gain in Drosophila

Intron number varies considerably among genomes, but despite their fundamental importance, the mutational mechanisms and evolutionary processes underlying the expansion of intron number remain unknown. Here we show that Drosophila, in contrast to most eukaryotic lineages, is still undergoing a dramatic rate of intron gain. These novel introns carry significantly weaker splice sites that may impede their identification by the spliceosome. Novel introns are more likely to encode a premature termination codon (PTC), indicating that nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) functions as a backup for weak splicing of new introns. Our data suggest that new introns originate when genomic insertions with weak splice sites are hidden from selection by NMD. This mechanism reduces the sequence requirement imposed on novel introns and implies that the capacity of the spliceosome to recognize weak splice sites was a prerequisite for intron gain during eukaryotic evolution

Genome-wide chromosomal association of Upf1 is linked to Pol II transcription in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Although the RNA helicase Upf1 has hitherto been examined mostly in relation to its cytoplasmic role in nonsense mediated mRNA decay (NMD), here we report high-throughput ChIP data indicating genome-wide association of Upf1 with active genes in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. This association is RNase sensitive, correlates with Pol II transcription and mRNA expression levels. Changes in Pol II occupancy were detected in a Upf1 deficient (upf1∆) strain, prevalently at genes showing a high Upf1 relative to Pol II association in wild-type. Additionally, an increased Ser2 Pol II signal was detected at all highly transcribed genes examined by ChIP-qPCR. Furthermore, upf1cells are hypersensitive to the transcription elongation inhibitor 6-azauracil. A significant proportion of the genes associated with Upf1 in wild-type conditions are also mis-regulated in upf1. These data envisage that by operating on the nascent transcript, Upf1 might influence Pol II phosphorylation and transcription

Expression proteomics of UPF1 knockdown in HeLa cells reveals autoregulation of hnRNP A2/B1 mediated by alternative splicing resulting in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay

BACKGROUND: In addition to acting as an RNA quality control pathway, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) plays roles in regulating normal gene expression. In particular, the extent to which alternative splicing is coupled to NMD and the roles of NMD in regulating uORF containing transcripts have been a matter of debate. RESULTS: In order to achieve a greater understanding of NMD regulated gene expression we used 2D-DiGE proteomics technology to examine the changes in protein expression induced in HeLa cells by UPF1 knockdown. QPCR based validation of the corresponding mRNAs, in response to both UPF1 knockdown and cycloheximide treatment, identified 17 bona fide NMD targets. Most of these were associated with bioinformatically predicted NMD activating features, predominantly upstream open reading frames (uORFs). Strikingly, however, the majority of transcripts up-regulated by UPF1 knockdown were either insensitive to, or even down-regulated by, cycloheximide treatment. Furthermore, the mRNA abundance of several down-regulated proteins failed to change upon UPF1 knockdown, indicating that UPF1`s role in regulating mRNA and protein abundance is more complex than previously appreciated. Among the bona fide NMD targets, we identified a highly conserved AS-NMD event within the 3` UTR of the HNRNPA2B1 gene. Overexpression of GFP tagged hnRNP A2 resulted in a decrease in endogenous hnRNP A2 and B1 mRNA with a concurrent increase in the NMD sensitive isoforms. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the large number of changes in protein expression upon UPF1 knockdown, a relatively small fraction of them can be directly attributed to the action of NMD on the corresponding mRNA. From amongst these we have identified a conserved AS-NMD event within HNRNPA2B1 that appears to mediate autoregulation of HNRNPA2B1 expression levels