Fluctuation theorem for black-body radiation

The fluctuation theorem is verified for black-body radiation, provided the bunching of photons is taken into account appropriately.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Stochastic thermodynamics for kinetic equations

Stochastic thermodynamics is formulated for variables that are odd under time reversal. The invariance under spatial rotation of the collision rates due to the isotropy of the heat bath is shown to be a crucial ingredient. An alternative detailed fluctuation theorem is derived, expressed solely in terms of forward statistics. It is illustrated for a linear kinetic equation with kangaroo rates

Stochastic energetics of a Brownian motor and refrigerator driven by non-uniform temperature

The energetics of a Brownian heat engine and heat pump driven by position dependent temperature, known as the B\"uttiker-Landauer heat engine and heat pump, is investigated by numerical simulations of the inertial Langevin equation. We identify parameter values for optimal performance of the heat engine and heat pump. Our results qualitatively differ from approaches based on the overdamped model. The behavior of the heat engine and heat pump, in the linear response regime is examined under finite time conditions and we find that the efficiency is lower than that of an endoreversible engine working under the same condition. Finally, we investigate the role of different potential and temperature profiles to enhance the efficiency of the system. Our simulations show that optimizing the potential and temperature profile leads only to a marginal enhancement of the system performance due to the large entropy production via the Brownian particle's kinetic energy.Comment: 14 pages, 15 figures (latest version with modified figures and text

First Measurement of the Hubble Constant from a Dark Standard Siren using the Dark Energy Survey Galaxies and the LIGO/Virgo Binary-Black-hole Merger GW170814

We present a multi-messenger measurement of the Hubble constant H 0 using the binary-black-hole merger GW170814 as a standard siren, combined with a photometric redshift catalog from the Dark Energy Survey (DES). The luminosity distance is obtained from the gravitational wave signal detected by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO)/Virgo Collaboration (LVC) on 2017 August 14, and the redshift information is provided by the DES Year 3 data. Black hole mergers such as GW170814 are expected to lack bright electromagnetic emission to uniquely identify their host galaxies and build an object-by-object Hubble diagram. However, they are suitable for a statistical measurement, provided that a galaxy catalog of adequate depth and redshift completion is available. Here we present the first Hubble parameter measurement using a black hole merger. Our analysis results in , which is consistent with both SN Ia and cosmic microwave background measurements of the Hubble constant. The quoted 68% credible region comprises 60% of the uniform prior range [20, 140] km s-1 Mpc-1, and it depends on the assumed prior range. If we take a broader prior of [10, 220] km s-1 Mpc-1, we find (57% of the prior range). Although a weak constraint on the Hubble constant from a single event is expected using the dark siren method, a multifold increase in the LVC event rate is anticipated in the coming years and combinations of many sirens will lead to improved constraints on H 0