Treatment of orgasmic urinary incontinence with physical therapy and weight loss

Importância do problema: Incontinência urinária orgásmica (IUO) é um tipo incomum dentre os tipos de perda urinária. O tratamento para esta condição ainda não está estabelecido. Objetivo: Descreve o caso de uma paciente que apresentou IUO e foi submetida ao tratamento multidisciplinar. Metodologia: Paciente obesa, 50 anos, relatando, durante a a consulta, IUO com dois parceiros sexuais. Tratamento farmacológico com imipramina e anticolinérgicos foram realizados sem sucesso. Resultados: Paciente apresentou importante melhora subjetiva após a realização de uma combinação de tratamento de biofeedback, eletroestimulação, treinamento muscular do assoalho pélvico e medidas comportamentais, como perda de peso, incrementada após a cirurgia bariátrica. Comentários: IUO é uma doença complexa, sem tratamentos padrão e precisa ser mais bem investigada com amostras prospectivas maiores. Abordagens fisioterapêuticas combinadas devem ser consideradas quando se discute o tratamento.Importance of the problem: Orgasmic urinary incontinence (OUI) is an uncommon finding among other types of urinary leakage. Treatment of this condition is not established. Aims: To describe the case of a patient who presented OUI and had a multidisciplinary treatment. Methods: An obese, 50-year patient complained of OUI with two sexual partners during her consultation. Pharmacological treatment with imipramine and anticholinergics were undertaken, without success. Results: Patient had an important subjective improvement after performing a treatment combination of biofeedback, electrostimulation, pelvic floor muscle training and behavioral measurements such as weight loss, improved after bariatric surgery. Comments: OUI is a complex disorder, without standard treatments and needs to be further investigated with larger, prospective samples. Combined physical therapy approaches should be considered when discussing treatment

Factors associated with the prescription of vaginal pessaries for pelvic organ prolapse

OBJECTIVE: To identify the factors associated with the prescription of vaginal pessaries (VPs) as a conservative treatment for pelvic organ prolapse (POP). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed during two annual urogynecology and general obstetrics and gynecology meetings in 2017 (Sa˜o Paulo, SP, Brazil). A 19-item deidentified questionnaire regarding experiences and practices in prescribing VPs for POP patients was distributed among gynecologists. Our primary outcome was the frequency of prescribing VPs as a conservative treatment for POP. The reasons for prescribing or not prescribing VPs were also investigated. Univariate and multivariate analyses with crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were performed for variables associated with the prescription of pessaries. RESULTS: Three hundred forty completed surveys were analyzed. Half of the respondents (53.53%) were between 30-49 years old; most of them were female (73.53%), were from the Southeast Region (64.12%), were trained in obstetrics and gynecology (80.24%) or urogynecology (61.18%) and worked in private offices (63.42%). More than one-third (36.48%) attended four or more POP cases/week, and 97.65% (n=332) had heard or knew about VPs for POP; however, only 47.06% (n=160) prescribed or offered this treatment to patients. According to the multivariate analysis, physicians aged 18-35 years (OR=1.97[1.00-3.91]; p=0.04), those who participated in a previous urogynecology fellowship (OR=2.34[1.34-4.09]; po0.01), those with relatively high volumes of POP cases (4 or +) (OR=2.23[1.21-4.47]; p=0.01) and those with PhD degrees (OR=2.75[1.01-7.54]; p=0.05) prescribed more pessaries. CONCLUSIONS: Most gynecologists did not prescribe VPs. Younger physician age, participation in a previous urogynecology fellowship, a PhD degree, and a relatively high volume of POP cases were associated with increased VP prescription rates

Tratamento cirúrgico da Incontinência Urinária de Esforço com o minisling OPHIRA – um estudo piloto

Desenho do estudo: Transversal. Objetivos: Avaliar a eficácia do minisling Ophyra ™ em mulheres com incontinência urinária de esforço (IUE). Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, observacional, que abrangeu 13 pacientes que realizaram cirurgia de minisling entre 2010 e 2011. As seguintes variáveis foram analisadas: idade, taxa subjetiva de sucesso (cura e /ou melhora), complicações cirúrgicas imediatas e tardias. Os parâmetros de qualidade de vida (King’s Health Questionnaire - KHQ) foram analisados antes e depois de um ano de cirurgia. Resultados: Treze (3/13) por cento das mulheres recidivaram a IUE, com 87,5% de sucesso subjetivo depois de um ano de seguimento. Depois de 12 meses de seguimento, as mulheres foram consideradas subjetivamente curadas em todos os domínios dos questionários de qualidade de vida KHQ, exceto por relações pessoais e domínio de sono/energia. Quatro pacientes tiveram sintomas irritativos depois da cirurgia e duas pacientes com retenção urinária crônica. Conclusão: O minisling Ophira foi efetivo para melhorar a IUE e promover melhor qualidade de vida em mulheres com IUE. Maior amostragem é necessária para posteriormente comparar essas pacientes com mulheres que foram submetidas a técnicas retropúbicas clássicas.Design of the study: Cross-sectional. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of minisling (Ophyra ™) in women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Methods: A prospective, observational study comprised 13 patients who underwent minisling surgery from 2010 to 2011. It was analyzed the following variables: age, subjective success rate (cure and/or improvement), immediate and late surgical complications. Quality of life (QoL) parameters (King’s Health Questionnaire - KHQ) were analyzed before and after one year of surgery. Results: Thirteen per cent (3/13) of women had their SUI relapsed, with 87.5% of subjective success after one year of follow-up. After 12 months of follow-up, women who were considered subjectively cured had improvement in all domains of KHQ QoL scores, except for personal relationships and sleep/energy domains. Four patients had irritative symptoms after surgery and two patients evolved with chronic urinary retention. Conclusion: Minisling Ophira was effective to improve SUI and to promote better QoL on women with SUI. A larger sampling is needed to further compare these patients with women who underwent to classic retropubic techniques

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost