Breast cancer biomarker detection through the photoluminescence of epitaxial monolayer MoS2 fakes

The following article appeared in Scientific Reports 10 (2020): 16039 and may be found at https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-73029-9In this work we report on the characterization and biological functionalization of 2D MoS2 fakes, epitaxially grown on sapphire, to develop an optical biosensor for the breast cancer biomarker miRNA21. The MoS2 fakes were modifed with a thiolated DNA probe complementary to the target biomarker. Based on the photoluminescence of MoS2, the hybridization events were analyzed for the target (miRNA21c) and the control non-complementary sequence (miRNA21nc). A specifc redshift was observed for the hybridization with miRNA21c, but not for the control, demonstrating the biomarker recognition via PL. The homogeneity of these MoS2 platforms was verifed with microscopic maps. The detailed spectroscopic analysis of the spectra reveals changes in the trion to excitation ratio, being the redshift after the hybridization ascribed to both peaks. The results demonstrate the benefts of optical biosensors based on MoS2 monolayer for future commercial devicesThe research is supported by the MINECO (CTQ2017-84309-C2-2-R, CTQ2017-84309-C2-1-R, ELECTROBIONET, RED2018-102412-T) and Comunidad de Madrid (TRANSNANOAVANSENS, P2018/NMT4349) projects. ARC acknowledges Ramón y Cajal program (under contract number RYC-2015-18047

Desarrollo de un biosensor para el análisis de la inhibición enzimática causada por fisostigmina

La inhibición enzimática se considera el punto clave en aplicaciones clínicas y farmacoterapia, es por ello que el uso de biosensores enzimáticos es una buena alternativa en la evaluación de los fármacos. En este trabajo se presenta el desarrollo de un biosensor enzimático, basado en la inmovilización de nanopartículas de oro-Acetilcolinesterasa vía crosslinking. La actividad enzimática se evaluó por amperometría, parámetros como concentración de la enzima y del sustrato, pH y potencial de trabajo aplicado (Ea) fueron optimizados. Los resultados mostraron que la respuesta del biosensor es lineal con r² = 0.999, con sensibilidad de 27.621 µA/mM. LOD = 0.022 mM y LOQ = 2.29 mM, el coeficiente de variación fue de 1. 72%, el tiempo de respuesta fue inferior a 0.1 s, además se encontró que no hay diferencias significativas intra e inter biosensores. El biosensor fue viable para la evaluación del efecto farmacológico de fisostigmina a través de la inhibición enzimática, causada por el fármaco.Enzyme inhibition is considered the key point in clinical applications and the pharmacotherapy, so, use of enzymatic biosensors is a good alternative for drug evaluation. This paper presents development of enzymatic biosensor, based on the immobilization of gold nanoparticles¬Acetylcholinesterase via crosslinking. The enzymatic activity was evaluated by amperometry, parameters such as enzyme, and substrate concentration, pH and applied work potential (Ea), were optimized. Results show a linear response of the biosensor with r² = 0.999, and sensitivity of 27.621 µA/mM. LOD = 0.022 mM and LOQ = 2.29 mM, the coefficient of variation was 1. 72 %, while the response time was less than 0.1 s. lt was found that there are no significant differences intra and inter biosensors. The biosensor was suitable for the evaluation of the pharmacological effect of physostigmine through enzymatic inhibition, caused by the drug by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde in a multi-layer deposition

RESCUhE Project: Cultural Heritage vulnerability in a changing and directional climate

[EN] RESCUhE Project (Improving structural RESilience of Cultural HEritage to directional extreme hydro-meteorological events in the context of the Climate Change) is a coordinated IGME-UAM research project funded by Spanish Government (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). The framework of this research is the predicted increase in climate change vulnerability of heritage sites and the current disconnection between both environmental research on material decay and the practical aspects of designing preventive conservation measurements.RESCUhE Project (Improving structural RESilience of Cultural HEritage to directional extreme hydro-meteorological events in the context of the Climate Change) is a coordinated IGME-UAM research project funded by Spanish Government (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033).Peer reviewe

International lower limb collaborative (INTELLECT) study: a multicentre, international retrospective audit of lower extremity open fractures

Trauma remains a major cause of mortality and disability across the world1, with a higher burden in developing nations2. Open lower extremity injuries are devastating events from a physical3, mental health4, and socioeconomic5 standpoint. The potential sequelae, including risk of chronic infection and amputation, can lead to delayed recovery and major disability6. This international study aimed to describe global disparities, timely intervention, guideline-directed care, and economic aspects of open lower limb injuries

Responsabilidad administrativa por medicamentos

Tesis (Licenciado en Ciencias Jurídicas)El problema se presenta en la falta de normativa con rango de ley, y que ésta sea específica en cuanto a la responsabilidad Administrativa y también civil por medicamentos en Chile, seguido de una falta de conocimiento acerca de la realidad que viven otros países del mundo al respecto, por la fabricación, distribución y administración de productos médicos defectuosos (entiéndase por ello medicamentos). Muy importante resulta esta investigación, ya que de la presente problemática han salido casos de profundo interés social, y que no han sido tratados a fondo y en específico por los autores nacionales. Se entiende que la normativa vigente presenta posibles alternativas de orden general para determinar responsabilidades por medicamentos, pero como no hay un tratamiento en específico del tema, resulta totalmente útil llevar a cabo la presente investigación. En el ámbito del Derecho Comparado, se examinan los procedimientos de cada país para que un medicamento pueda ser puesto en circulación en el mercado, analizando la legislación vigente que regula los medicamentos en cada nación objeto de estudio, desde los requisitos propios para su fabricación dentro del país, la autoridad competente para otorgar dicha autorización, cómo la autorización debe pedirse, las formalidades que se deben cumplir por parte del fabricante, los deberes y obligaciones de los fabricantes, ya sea, antes de la autorización y también una vez que cuentan con la autorización y pueden ser puestos en circulación en el mercado

Evaluating acoustic indices in the Valdivian rainforest, a biodiversity hotspot in South America

Passive acoustic monitoring is becoming an extensively used tool to evaluate the status and variation of populations of sound producing animals. The analyses of extensive acoustic recordings for identification and detection of acoustic signals of different species is highly time-consuming, either by traditional audiovisual procedures or by developing effective automated recognizers. These drawbacks in data analysis have promoted research efforts aimed to develop acoustic diversity indices, which are relatively easily obtained by means of different algorithms considering spectral and/or temporal properties of the sounds contained in the recordings. Nevertheless, studies performed in different environments and geographical areas reveal inconsistencies in the association between acoustic diversity indices and biodiversity, suggesting the need of new studies to evaluate commonly used acoustic diversity indices as proxies of the richness of sound producing animal species. The Valdivian rainforest from Chile, South America, is recognized as a biodiversity hotspot because of the high proportion of endemic species and their threatened status associated to anthropogenic activity. As it is imperative to evaluate cost-effective strategies for biodiversity monitoring, in this study we evaluated seven acoustic indices to assess their reliability as proxies of the variation in bird and anuran species richness, two important components of the biodiversity of this threatened environment. Our results indicate that most of the acoustic indices tested fail to describe satisfactorily the variation in species richness. Nevertheless, two indices, namely the Temporal Entropy and the Acoustic Evenness Index, may potentially serve as an indicator of bird richness, but future studies should fine-tune these indices to obtain a robust validation of its use within this environment. We expect that this work will contribute to the understanding of the significance and potential use of acoustic indices within this biodiversity hotspot as well as in other regions of interest for conservation.FNMG was supported by FONDECYT 11160778 and by Plan de Mejoramiento Institucional UCM1310, MINEDUC, Chile. MP was partially supported by grant ENL032/2017, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Desarrollo, Universidad de Chile