Information needs of young adults with cancer in Germany

In Germany, approximately 500.000 people are newly diagnosed with cancer every year, of which only 3,3% are young adults between 18 and 39 years of age. Despite age-specific characteristics in terms of care and treatment, they receive little attention in the health infrastructure. The aim of this study is therefore to investigate information needs of young adults with cancer in Germany.Methods. Semi-structured guided online interviews were conducted with 14 young adults at the end of their treatment or in aftercare. The qualitative analysis was carried out inductively, using thematic analysis. In addition, the identified topics were analysed using the concept of the cancer patient journey. Ten themes were identified which are divided into information, service and care needs. While needs of the three identified medical themes are, for the most part, adequately answered, this does not apply to needs of the remaining seven themes. The findings clearly demonstrate that the German health infrastructure still holds a lot of potential for improvement regarding answering information, service and care needs for young adults with cancer.Peer Reviewe

A Review of Biophysical Differences between Aquatic and Land-Based Exercise

Four of the most popular modes of aquatic exercise are deep-water (DW) exercise, shallow water (SW) exercise, water calisthenics (WC), and underwater treadmill (UT) exercise. The mechanical requirements of each aquatic exercise mode may elicit different physiological and biomechanical responses. The purpose of this descriptive literature review was to evaluate some biophysical differences between aquatic and land-based exercises. The biophysical variables included oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), stride length, stride frequency, pain, and measures of functional gain. Based on the studies reviewed, when compared to similar land-based exercises, VO2 and HR maximum values were lower during DW and SW exercise, but, depending on water depth and exercise performed, may be greater during WC and UT exercise. RPE during DW exercise was generally similar to land exercise during max effort. Stride frequency tended to be lower for all four aquatic exercises, relative to on-land counterparts. Pain levels tended to be similar between WC and land exercise, yet may decrease after UT exercise

De la idea al negocio

Durante estos últimos años me he dado cuenta que existe un problema entre los estudiantes y nunca se ha hecho nada al respecto para tratar de solucionarlo. Este problema hace referencia al servicio que ofrecen las bibliotecas en épocas de exámenes y cómo la gente se comporta en estos establecimientos. Por tratar con algunos ejemplos, podemos considerar a los estudiantes que reservan el sitio a sus amigos colocando apuntes en la mesa, gente que hace descansos de 2 horas dejando el sitio ocupado, y muchas otras cosas. Al final, el hecho de salir de casa sin saber de antemano si vas a tener sitio o no para estudiar, dificulta mucho la vida a los estudiantes ya que pueden estar perdiendo una hora por las mañanas para encontrar sitio en varias bibliotecas, o incluso deciden no ir porque piensan que será imposible encontrar uno. La cuestión es, ¿cómo es posible que en la época tecnológica en la que vivimos aún no seamos capaces de solucionar todo estos problemas?. Es por ello que decidí llevar un proyecto a cabo durante todo este año que he estado en Francia cursando mis estudios, llamado BE2SIT, en el que he diseñado una aplicación móvil que pasaría a solucionar todo tipo de problemas en las bibliotecas tanto para los estudiantes como para los trabajadores, permitiendo comprobar el número de sitios disponibles en tiempo real e incluso la posibilidad de reservar un sitio por tiempo limitado a través de la App.Por lo tanto he elaborado este trabajo de fin de grado siguiendo las pautas y explicando todos los procesos en los que he estado trabajando en Francia.<br /

Effect of Surface Stability on Core Muscle Activity for Dynamic Resistance Exercises

To compare core muscle activity during resistance exercises performed on stable ground vs. the BOSU Balance Trainer. Methods: Twelve trained men performed the back squat, dead lift, overhead press, and curl lifts. The activity of the rectus abdominis, external oblique abdominis, transversus abdominis/internal oblique abdominis, and erector spinae muscles was assessed. Subjects performed each lift under three separate conditions including standing on stable ground with 50% of a 1-RM, standing on a BOSU Balance Trainer with 50% of a 1-RM, and standing on stable ground with 75% of a 1-RM. Results: Significant differences were noted between the stable 75% of 1-RM and BOSU 50% of 1-RM conditions for the rectus abdominis during the overhead press and transversus abdominis/internal oblique abdominis during the overhead press and curl (P \u3c .05). Conversely, there were no significant differences between the stable 75% of 1-RM and BOSU 50% of 1-RM conditions for the external obliques and erector spinae across all lifts examined. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between the BOSU 50% of 1-RM and stable 50% of 1-RM conditions across all muscles and lifts examined. Conclusions: The current study did not demonstrate any advantage in utilizing the BOSU Balance Trainer. Therefore, fitness trainers should be advised that each of the aforementioned lifts can be performed while standing on stable ground without losing the potential core muscle training benefits

A Corticothalamic Circuit Trades off Speed for Safety during Decision-Making under Motivational Conflict

Decisions to act while pursuing goals in the presence of danger must be made quickly but safely. Premature decisions risk injury or death, whereas postponing decisions risk goal loss. Here we show how mice resolve these competing demands. Using microstructural behavioral analyses, we identified the spatiotemporal dynamics of approach–avoidance decisions under motivational conflict in male mice. Then we used cognitive modeling to show that these dynamics reflect the speeded decision-making mechanisms used by humans and nonhuman primates, with mice trading off decision speed for safety of choice when danger loomed. Using calcium imaging in paraventricular thalamus and optogenetic inhibition of the prelimbic cortex to paraventricular thalamus pathway, we show that this speed-safety trade off occurs because increases in paraventricular thalamus activity increase decision caution, thereby increasing approach–avoid decision times in the presence of danger. Our findings demonstrate that a discrete brain circuit involving the paraventricular thalamus and its prefrontal input adjusts decision caution during motivational conflict, trading off decision speed for decision safety when danger is close. We identify the corticothalamic pathway as central to cognitive control during decision-making under conflict

Zur Vereinbarkeit akzeptanzorientierter und feministischer Ansätze in der Drogen- und Suchtkrankenhilfe

Die Veröffentlichung befasst sich mit der Gegenüberstellung zweier theoretischer Konzepte zur Drogen- und Suchtkrankenhilfe, dem akzeptanzorientierten und dem feministischen Ansatz. Nach einer Erläuterung beider hinsichtlich Kernthesen, Methodik und Entwicklung, folgt ein Versuch der Gegenüberstellung und ein Vergleich beider hinsichtlich Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschieden. Dazu werden Texte von u.A. Heino Stöver, Gisela Heinrich und Kathrin Pfingsten herangezogen.:Vorwort 1 1. Akzeptierende Drogenarbeit 1 1.1 Zur Entwicklung eines Umbruchs in der Drogenhilfe 1 1.2 Begriffe, Theorie, Prämissen 2 1.3 Methoden und Praxis 5 1.4 Drogenpolitische Konsequenzen 7 2. Feministische Drogenarbeit 8 2.1 Kriminalität und Kriminalisierung Drogengebrauchender Frauen* 9 2.2 Feministische Kritik geschlechtsundifferenzierter Drogen- und Suchtkrankenhilfe 11 2.3 Feministische Drogenarbeit in Theorie und Praxis 13 3. Zum Verhältnis feministischer und akzeptanzorientierter Ansätze in der Drogenhilfe 15 4. Fazit zur Vereinbarkeit akzeptanzorientierter und feministischer Ansätze 17 5. Kommentar 18 6. Literaturverzeichnis 1

Effect of Short-Term Failure Versus Nonfailure Training on Lower Body Muscular Endurance

This study compared failure versus nonfailure training with equated intensity and volume on lower body muscular endurance in trained men. Methods: Each subject performed one lower body workout per week for 6 weeks; the Failure group performed 3 sets of the squat, leg curl, and leg extension exercises to the point of voluntary exhaustion, while the Nonfailure group performed 4 sets for each of these exercises, but with a submaximal number of repetitions that did not allow failure to occur on any set. All subjects performed a pre- and postintervention muscular endurance test that involved 3 sets each for the squat, leg curl, and leg extension exercises. Blood lactate concentration (BL) was assessed before, and at 5 and 10 minutes following the test. Heart rate (HR) was assessed before the test, following the last set of each exercise, and for 10 minutes following the test. Results: Both groups demonstrated significant increases in total work (P \u3c .0001) for the postintervention test, with no significant differences between the groups (P = .882). When comparing the pre- and postintervention tests, BL and HR were not significantly different at any time point (P \u3e .05). Conclusions: These results indicate that when intensity and volume are equated, failure or nonfailure training results in similar gains in lower body muscular endurance. Therefore, when assessed over relatively short training cycles, the total volume of training might be more important versus whether sets are performed to failure for muscular endurance-related adaptations

A Mixed-Methods Approach to Evaluating the Internal Validity of the Reactive Strength Index

The reactive capacity of the muscle-tendon complex is commonly assessed using the reactive strength index (RSI). Conventionally, the RSI is a ratio of rebound jump height to ground contact time in depth jumping. Several assumptions regarding the linear mechanics acting through the whole-body center of gravity may threaten the internal validity of computation and interpretation of RSI scores. First, it is common for rebound jump height to be predicted from rebound jump flight time. This assumes that the angular positioning of body segments is equivalent at the time instances of rebound jump take-off and landing. Prior literature supports a mixed-methods approach for computing the RSI that is void of this assumption. The mixed-methods approach gives a more valid estimation of rebound jump height. In this approach, rebound jump height is estimated from rebound jump take-off velocity of the whole-body center of mass. This is accomplished by subtracting an estimate of impact velocity, acquired using videography, from change in whole-body center of mass velocity estimated from integrated vertical ground reaction force data. Second, it is often assumed that vertical displacement of the whole-body center of mass during the drop phase of the depth jump is predicted perfectly from the height of the platform used to perform the drop. This assumption may affect the internal validity of comparing RSI scores across individuals and within individuals performing depth jumps from varied heights. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the internal validity of RSI scores computed using the conventional approach and impact velocity variability, which may affect the interpretation of RSI scores. Seventy physically active young adults performed depth jumps from drop heights of 0.51, 0.66, and 0.81 m. RSI was computed using the conventional approach and a mixed-methods approach featuring the use of 2-dimensional videography, body segment parameters, and force platform dynamometry. The two computational methods were compared using linear regression performed on data from each drop height. In addition, a 2 (computational method) by 3 (drop height) Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed to evaluate for main effects and interactions in RSI data. Multiple one sample t-tests were performed to compare estimated and theoretical impact velocities. The ANOVA revealed no main effect or interactions between computational approaches (p = 0.467–0.938). Linear regression revealed moderately strong associations between RSI scores computed using the conventional and mixed-methods approaches (R2 = 0.685–0.741). Moreover, linear regressions revealed that the conventional approach tends to overestimate the mixed methods approach for RSI scores below 1.0 and underestimate the mixed methods approach for RSI scores above 1.0. Lastly, estimated impact velocities were observed to be as much as 13% lower versus theoretical (p \u3c 0.001). Researchers with access to motion capture and force platform technology may consider using a mixed-methods approach for computing the RSI, which likely maximizes the internal validity of scores. In addition, results suggest for practitioners to practice caution when comparing conventional RSI scores across individuals