Projekt Perspektivwechsel: Bildung als Brückenschlag

Das Projekt "Perspektivwechsel" der EEB Karlsruhe und der Evangelischen Hochschule Freiburg bietet ein informelles Bildungsformat zur Unterstützung der Kommunikation zwischen Menschen mit geringem und solchen mit ausreichendem Einkommen an. Gemäß der Diversity-Pädagogik geht es um ein "Lernen auf Augenhöhe". Der praktische Zugewinn bei der Vernetzung der Milieus liegt dabei im sozialen Kapital, das für jeden Menschen einen Zugang zu den Ressourcen des sozialen und gesellschaftlichen Lebens eröffnet

Exploring electronic effects on the partitioning of actinides(III) from lanthanides(III) using functionalised bis-triazinyl phenanthroline ligands

The first examples of 4,7-disubstituted 2,9-bis(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,2,4-benzo-triazin-3-yl)-1,10- phenanthroline (CyMe4 -BTPhen) ligands are reported herein. Evaluating the kinetics, selectivity and stoichiometry of actinide(III) and lanthanide(III) radiotracer extractions has provided a mechanistic insight into the extraction process. For the first time, it has been demonstrated that metal ion extraction kinetics can be modulated by backbone functionalisation and a promising new CHON compliant candidate ligand with enhanced metal ion extraction kinetics has been identified. The effects of 4,7- functionalisation on the equilibrium metal ion distribution ratios are far more pronounced than those of 5,6-functionalisation. The complexation of Cm(III) with two of the functionalised ligands was investigated by TRLFS and, at equilibrium, species of 1:2 [M:L] stoichiometry were observed exclusively. A direct correlation between the ELUMO-EHOMO energy gap and metal ion extraction potential is reported, with DFT studies reaffirming experimental findings

Efficiency, growth and the pursuit of social utility

This paper discusses and analyzes the claim that laissez-faire policies achieve greater efficiency and growth, which in turn provides overall social utility. This paper outlines and defines the terms used in the defense of laissez-faire policies and shows that this defense is suspect on all grounds. That is to say these policies do not provide greater efficiency, growth, or overall social utility. This paper argues against the questionable claim that a laissez-faire economy attains greater efficiency and growth. Further, even assuming that it did succeed in these two areas, it does not necessarily imply that greater social utility will follow as an outcome

New triterpene and triterpenoid glycosides from Ilex brevicuspis

Das folhas de Ilex brevicuspis foram isolados e identificados um novo triterpeno, ácido 20(S)-3β, 19α-diidroxiurs-12-en-23, 28-dióico, denominado ácido brevicúspico, e dois novos glicosídeos, éster 28-O-β-Dglicopiranosil do ácido 3β-O-α-L-arabinopiranosil 20(S)-pomólico e o sal sódico em C-23 do ester 28β-O-β D-glicopiranosil do ácido (20S)- 3β, 19α, 24-triidroxiurs-12-en-23, 28-dióico. Foi isolado ainda o éster 28-O-β-D-glicopiranosil do ácido 3β-O-α-L-arabinopiranosil-20(S)-19α, 24-diidroxiursólico, já descrito anteriormente para a espécie Ilex argentina. As estruturas foram estabelecidas por métodos espectroscópicos e químicos.From the leaves of Ilex brevicuspis were isolated a new triterpene, 20(S)-3β, 19α-dihydroxyurs-12-en-23, 28-dioic acid, named here brevicuspic acid, and two new triterpenoid glycosides, 3-O-α-Larabinopyranosyl-20(S)-pomolic acid-28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester, named brevicuspisaponin 3, and the 23-sodium salt of (20S)3β, 19α, 24-trihydroxyurs-12-en-23, 28-dioic acid-28β-O-β-Dglucopyranosyl ester, along with the known compound 3-O-α-Larabinopyranosyl-20(S)-19α, 24-dihydroxyursolic acid- 28-O-β-Dglucopyranosyl ester, already described for Ilex argentina. Their structures were established on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic methods

BISBENZYLISOQUINOLINE ALKALOIDS IN BERBERIS CELL CULTURES

Callus cultures of 34 Berberís celllines representing 33 species were screened for alkaloids using TLC and HPLC. Jatrorrhizine was always found to be a major constituent; two B. stolonifera lines were the richest in bisbenzylisoquinolines. The new alkaloid 2-norberbamunine was isolated from cultures of B. stolonifera V29 together with berbamunine, aromoline, berbamine, isotetrandrine and jatrorrhizine. The time course of bisbenzylisoquinoline accumulation was studied in B. stolonifera V29 suspension cultures and it was found that the concentrations of these alkaloids rose throughout the cell growth phase.This work was supported by the Sonderforschungsbereich 145 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

Tropane alkaloids from Schizanthus litoralis

Six new tropane alkaloids have been isolated from the leaves of the endemic Chilian plant Schizanthus litoralis (Solanaceae). The new structures include a new tropanol dimer of itaconic acid together with 6β- senecioyloxytropan-3α-methylmesaconate, 6β-cinnamoyloxytropan-3α- methylmesaconate, 6β-senecioyloxytropan-3α-ol and cis-trans N-(4- hydroxyphenethyl) ferulamides. Other known alkaloids were also isolated. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods

Alkaloids with Activity against the Zika Virus Vector Aedes aegypti (L.)—Crinsarnine and Sarniensinol, Two New Crinine and Mesembrine Type Alkaloids Isolated from the South African Plant Nerine sarniensis

Two new Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, belonging to the mesembrine- and crinine-types, named crinsarnine (1) and sarniensinol (2), were isolated from the dried bulbs of Nerine sarniensis together with bowdensine (3), sarniensine (4), hippadine (5) and 1-O-acetyl-lycorine (6). Crinsarnine (1) and sarniensinol (2) were characterized using spectroscopic and chiroptical methods as (1S,2S,4aR,10bS)-2,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4,4a,6-hexahydro-5,11b-ethano[1,3]dioxolo-[4,5-j]phenanthridin- 1-yl acetate and (6-(3aR,4Z,6S,7aS)-6-methoxy-1-methyl-2,3,3a,6,7,7a-hexa-hydro-1H-indol-3a-yl)benzo [d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)methanol, respectively. Furthermore, the complete spectroscopic characterization of bowdensine (3) is reported for the first time. Compounds 1–6 were evaluated against the Orlando reference strain of Aedes aegypti. None of compounds showed mortality against 1st instar Ae. aegypti larvae at the concentrations tested. In adult topical bioassays, only 1 displayed adulticidal activity with an LD50 = 2.29 ± 0.049 μg/mosquito. As regards the structure-activity relationship, the pretazettine and crinine scaffold in 2 and 4 and in 1 and 3 respectively, proved to be important for their activity, while the pyrrole[de]phenanthridine scaffold present in 5 and 6 was important for their reactivity. Among the pretazettine group compounds, opening of the B ring or the presence of a B ring lactone as well as the trans-stereochemistry of the A/B ring junction, appears to be important for activity, while in crinine-type alkaloids, the substituent at C-2 seems to play a role in their activity

Can Variations of (HNMR)-H-1 Chemical Shifts in Benzene Substituted with an Electron-Accepting (NO2)/Donating (NH2) Group be Explained in Terms of Resonance Effects of Substituents?

The classical textbook explanation of variations of (HNMR)-H-1 chemical shifts in benzenes bearing an electron-donating (NH2) or an electron-withdrawing (NO2) group in terms of substituent resonance effects was examined by analyzing molecular orbital contributions to the total shielding. It was found that the -electronic system showed a more pronounced shielding effect on all ring hydrogen atoms, relative to benzene, irrespective of substituent +R/-R effects. For the latter, this was in contrast to the traditional explanations of downfield shift of nitrobenzene proton resonances, which were found to be determined by the sigma-electronic system and oxygen in-plane lone pairs. In aniline, the +R effect of NH2 group can be used to fully explain the upfield position of meta-H signals and partly the upfield position of para-H signals, the latter also being influenced by the sigma-system. The position of the lowest frequency signal of ortho-Hs was fully determined by sigma-electrons.This is peer-reviewed version of the following article: Baranac-Stojanović, M. Can Variations of 1H NMR Chemical Shifts in Benzene Substituted with an Electron-Accepting (NO2)/Donating (NH2) Group Be Explained in Terms of Resonance Effects of Substituents? Chemistry - An Asian Journal 2018, 13 (7), 877–881. [https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.201800137]Supplementary material: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3181