A review of geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) of additive manufacturing and powder bed fusion lattices

Copyright © The Author(s) 2022. To increase industrial adoption, part qualification and certification of the additive manufacturing (AM) process are crucial through geometric benchmarking as well as optimising the properties and process parameters. However, an extensive research gap remains concerning the geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) of AM parts. This paper presents a review on the state-of-art GD&T benchmarking of powder bed fusion techniques enabling complex geometrical features like lattices. The study found a lack of design guidelines and standardised measurement techniques for lattice features and profiles.European Union, through a project call “H2020-WIDESPREAD-05-2017-Twinning” Grant number 810708 and project name Increasing Excellence on Advanced Additive Manufacturing (INEX-ADAM)

Prevalence of Frailty in European Emergency Departments (FEED): an international flash mob study

Introduction Current emergency care systems are not optimized to respond to multiple and complex problems associated with frailty. Services may require reconfiguration to effectively deliver comprehensive frailty care, yet its prevalence and variation are poorly understood. This study primarily determined the prevalence of frailty among older people attending emergency care. Methods This cross-sectional study used a flash mob approach to collect observational European emergency care data over a 24-h period (04 July 2023). Sites were identified through the European Task Force for Geriatric Emergency Medicine collaboration and social media. Data were collected for all individuals aged 65 + who attended emergency care, and for all adults aged 18 + at a subset of sites. Variables included demographics, Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), vital signs, and disposition. European and national frailty prevalence was determined with proportions with each CFS level and with dichotomized CFS 5 + (mild or more severe frailty). Results Sixty-two sites in fourteen European countries recruited five thousand seven hundred eighty-five individuals. 40% of 3479 older people had at least mild frailty, with countries ranging from 26 to 51%. They had median age 77 (IQR, 13) years and 53% were female. Across 22 sites observing all adult attenders, older people living with frailty comprised 14%. Conclusion 40% of older people using European emergency care had CFS 5 + . Frailty prevalence varied widely among European care systems. These differences likely reflected entrance selection and provide windows of opportunity for system configuration and workforce planning