Longitudinal Study of the Influence of the Relative Age Effect (RAE) on Czech Tennis Players Aged 10 - 12

The overall results in the reference period 2003 – 2017 have shown that most of the players were born in Q1 (n=551) and Q2 (n=442). Therefore, 2/3 of the players (66%) were born in the first half of the year, while only 1/3 (34%) were born in the second half. A longitudinal study of tennis players aged 10 – 12 showed the influence of RAE both in specific years (with the exception of 2011 and 2014) and in the reference period 2003 – 2017 taken as a whole. The results of our research correspond to the results of similar studies performed by other authors. Tennis coaches are advised to address the issue of RAE when working with tennis youth and when selecting players to the sports centres, representations, etc

Influence of Relative Age Effect on competitive shooters of clubs SSK Dukla Hradec Králové and SSKP Kometa Brno

This article deals with the issue of Relative Age Effect (RAE), which enables the exploration of differences and links between the expected and observed distribution of birth date of athletes based on their date of birth. It is expected that elite athletes born at the beginning of the year had an advantage over athletes born in last months of year. In this article, RAE was tested by the means of Chi-squared test in Goodness-of-fit test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Afterwards, Cramer´s V coefficient was used for more accurate estimation of an influence of the association between expected and observed distribution. By the usage of methods previously mentioned it was verified that in selected sport clubs, the results of RAE are not statistically confirmed, however, different connections, which cannot be left unnoticed, were observed. In the conclusion, there is stated that even though it is not obvious in a fleeting glance, the junior category is more influenced by RAE than the senior category. This fact is also affected by the nature of shotgun shooting, it emphasises overall physical condition and physique rather than separate physical and age details of a shooter.

Relative Age Effect in Elite Swimmers in U14 Czech Championship

PURPOSE The issue of the Relative Age Effect (RAE) has been studied in the theory of sports for more than 30 years. Most studies concentrate on team sports, while the area of some individual sports like swimming can be considered still underexplored. METHODS The aim of our study was to verify the RAE in young elite swimmers (n = 198) who participated in Czech Republic U14 Championship (1) in male and female samples (2) according to swimming disciplines and distances (3) and performance (times in individual disciplines) between individual quartiles / semesters of birth. The analysis was performed with the use of adequate statistical (chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Mann-Whitney U test) and effect size (effect size w index, eta-square test, effect size r index) tests.RESULTS The results showed a different intensity of RAE sex-differences (male: w = 0.033; female: w = 0.006). In the division by the swimming disciplines and swimming distances, statistically significant values with large effect size were found in males in 50 m freestyle, 200 m individual medley, 100 m butterfly and 200 m butterfly. However, this did not apply for girls. Analysis of differences in performance showed a significant difference between the dependent variables (sex, distance, discipline) by different independent variables of quartile / semester of birth with large effect size only in cases of male 100 m breaststroke and female 200 m individual medley.CONCLUSIONS The issue of RAE should be circulated among the coaches working with youth, athletes, sports organizations, but also parents of athletes in order to avoid the termination of actively spent time or drop-outs

Development Of The Participants‘ Number And Appropriateness Of The Number Of Qualifying Places For Crossfit Open 2011–2017

CrossFit je všestranně orientovaný tréninkový program zaměřený na rozvoj celkové kondiční připravenosti. K získání titulu „Fittest on Earth" musí účastníci projít tříkolovým eliminačním systémem (CrossFit Open, Regions, Games). Cílem studie je analýza vývoje počtu účastníků v letech 2011–2017 mužů (n=1 012 297) a žen (n=702 011) v prvním eliminačním kole a posouzení vhodnosti počtu postupových míst v jednotlivých regionech. Výzkumná data získaná z veřejně dostupných zdrojů prokázala vzrůstající lineární vývojový trend počtu účastníků (R2=0,98–0,99), počet mužů byl v celém období vyšší oproti počtu žen. V kategorii Individual Men (IM) byl v regionu Evropa v roce 2017 zaznamenán nejvyšší počet účastníků (n=40 716; tj. 0,006 % z obyvatel regionu), nejmenší počet účastníků byl v roce 2017 zjištěn v regionu Západní Kanada (n=3 678, tj. 0,028 % z obyvatel regionu). V kategorii Individual Women (IW) byl v regionu Evropa v roce 2017 zaznamenán nejvyšší počet účastnic (n=21 742, tj. 0,003 % z obyvatel regionu), nejmenší počet účastnic byl zjištěn v regionu Západní Kanada (n=3 596, tj. 0,027 % z obyvatel regionu). Nedostatek dobré shody počtu postupových míst byl v kategorii IM zjištěn v letech 2016 a 2017, v kategorii IW byla zjištěna dobrá shoda v celém sledovaném období 2011–2017. Test poměru šancí prokázal, že v roce 2017 měli účastníci ze Západní Kanady 12,22krát větší šanci na postup než účastníci z Latinské Ameriky, zatímco účastnice ze stejných regionů měly 7,03krát větší šanci na postup. S ohledem na zjištěné výsledky lze pro kategorii IM doporučit úpravu počtu postupových míst a rozdělení regionu Evropa.CrossFit is an all-round training program focused on the development of overall fitness. To win the title “Fittest on Earth”, the participants must pass a 3-round elimination system (CrossFit Open, Regions, Games). The objective of the study was to analyse the development of participants in 2011-2017 of men (n=1 012 297) and women (n=702 011), in 1st elimination round and to assess the appropriateness of the number of qualifying places in particular regions. The research data from public sources showed a growing linear evolutionary trend in the number of participants (R2=0.98–0.99); the number of men was higher than the number of women through the whole period. In the category, Individual Men (IM), the highest number of participants (n=40 716; i.e. 0.006 % of the region population) was registered in 2017 was in Europe. The lowest number of participants (n=3 678, i.e. 0.028 % of the region population) was found in West Canada in 2017. In the category for Individual Women (IW), the highest number of participants (n=21 742, i.e. 0.003 % of the region population) was registered from Europe in 2017; the lowest number of participants (n=3 596, i.e. 0.027 %) was found in West Canada in 2017. The lack of good correspondence in the numbers of qualifying places was found in the IM category in 2016 and 2017; in the IW category, a good correspondence was found in the whole observed period 2011-2017. The odds ratio test has shown that in 2017, males from West Canada had 12.22 times greater chance for qualifying than males from Latin America while females from the same region had 7.03 times greater chance for qualifying. In view of the results, it is possible to recommend an adjustment of the number of qualifying places and the division of the European region

The Effect of 8 Weeks of Complex Training Methods on the Countermovement Jump Performance

The purpose of this study was to find out whether a more specific stimulus, such as training which stimulates the production of power above 90% of Pmax (Pmax = maximal average concentric power output), is effective in enhancing the countermovement jump (CMJ) performance using the method of complex pairs or separate execution of the exercises in the complex pair (separate complex pair). Thirty male students of the Faculty of Sports Studies were divided into 2 experimental (EX1, EX2) and 1 control group (CNTR). The experimental groups trained for 8 weeks using the complex training (CT) method twice a week with the same quantity of repetitions for each exercise. The complex pair consisted of half-squat jumps with the intensity over 90% of Pmax and plyometric depth-jumps. EX1 trained using the complex pair method with the intracomplex rest interval of up to 15 seconds. EX2 trained all sets of the half-squat jumps first and then all sets of the plyometric exercise. We used non-parametric statistics and linear regression analysis to evaluate the effect on increasing the CMJ performance after the intervention program. There were no significant differences between the pre-test and post-test in any of the experimental groups (p > 0.05), although there were significant differences between the weeks in EX1 and EX2 (p 0.05) each week by 0.14 cm in EX1 and by 0.07 cm in EX2. These results did not clearly show the application of the CT methods to be useful in enhancing the CMJ. In practice we recommend using the complex pairs to save training time and increase training intensity. However, an additional longer-term intervention experiment with a larger sample size and groups randomised by the CMJ parameter (not by Pmax) is needed

Relative Age Effect In UEFA European Championship 2016

Teorie označovaná jako Relative age effect (RAE) je dlouhodobě řešena v řadě sportů, její podstata vychází z předpokladu, že sportovci narození v počátečních měsících roku mají určitou výhodu oproti sportovcům narozeným později. Vliv dřívějšího narození byl prokázán hlavně v pubescenci, tito jedinci jsou často vyspělejší jak po stránce mentální, tak i tělesné a kondiční. Proto bývají označováni jako sportovně talentovaní, což může významně ovlivnit pravděpodobnost jejich zařazení do klubových, resp. reprezentačních výběrů. Cílem výzkumu bylo ověřit, jestli je vliv RAE prokazatelný u hráčů Mistrovství Evropy ve fotbale 2016. Do výzkumu byli zařazeni hráči 24 zúčastněných mužstev (n = 552), data byla získána z http://www.eurofotbal.cz/euro-20/ a byla analyzována na základě zvolených kritérií (hráčská pozice, datum narození, pořadí mužstva v základní skupině). Statistická analýza výzkumných dat ukázala, že vliv působení RAE u souboru všech hráčů na ME 2016 je statisticky prokazatelný (χ2 = 69,82, p = 0,00). Analýza vlivu RAE na pořadí týmů v základní skupině prokázala působení vlivu RAE. Při posuzování působením RAE u jednotlivých hráčských pozic nebyl tento vliv prokázán pouze na pozici útočníků (χ2 = 6,37, p = 0,09). Výše uvedená zjištění prokázala obdobnou míru vlivu RAE u účastníků ME 2016, jako je tomu v mládežnických věkových kategoriích. Problematiku RAE ve sportu je možno považovat za významnou a měli by s ní být seznámeni zejména trenéři mládežnických kategorií.The theory called the Relative Age Effect (RAE) has been discussed in many sports for decades. It is based on the assumption that athletes born in the early months of the year have an advantage over the athletes born later in that particular year. The influence of earlier birthdate was proved particularly during adolescence, relatively younger individuals are often more advanced mentally and physically as well as in terms of fitness. Therefore, they are usually labelled as sports talents. This benefit can significantly affect the probability of being selected into elite group of athletes or national teams. In the present research, we investigated whether the effect of RAE can be proven in the players in the European Football Championship 2016. The research sample included players from all 24 participating teams (n = 552), the research data was obtained from http://www.eurofotbal.cz/euro-20/ and was analysed based on selected criteria (player position, date of birth, ranking in the groups). Statistical analysis of the research data showed that the influence of RAE is statistically significant in all players in the championship (χ2 = 69,82, p = 0.00). The analysis of the influence of RAE on rank in the group showed that the influence of the RAE. When considering the influence of the RAE on individual player positions, the effect was not significant in forward player positions (χ2 = 6,37, p = 0.09). The above results showed a similar degree of influence of RAE on adult footballers (participants of ME 2016) compared to youth age categories. RAE issues in sport can be considered as significant, especially for coaches in youth categories should be familiar with it

Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology

Proceedings of the 12th Conference of Sport and Quality of Life 2019 gatheres submissions of participants of the conference. Every submission is the result of positive evaluation by reviewers from the corresponding field. Conference is divided into sections – Analysis of human movement; Sport training, nutrition and regeneration; Sport and social sciences; Active ageing and sarcopenia; Strength and conditioning training; section for PhD students

Data_AI_ATP22

Data of ATP tennis players from season 2022.</p

Supp 1_Model 2.1_Network information

Results of best performing model</p

Suplemetary material_Table 1_individual results

The appendix contains data that was further processed in the meta-analysis.</p