Penerapan Quadcopter sebagai Sarana Promosi Area Wisata dengan Visualiasi Interaktif pada Footflag

Bacground: Promotion tour area is the activities promoted a tour area to prospective customers / tourists. Means for the promotion of the tourist area with take photo from common camera less attractive from aesthetics aspect.Promotion tour area must make very attractive in other that tourists can interest to visit it. Objectives: Integrating quadcopter with the camera as a device documentation of tourism area with interactive visualizations. Methods: collecting the information, literature and discussions with experts supported aeromodelling especially quadcopter, conducted by making design tool, the main function of the tool implementation and effectiveness of the test tool. Results: Quadcopter creation tool that is integrated with a high resolution camera to get a picture of the tourist area of the air. The workings of this system is the photography with a camera into the air using a quadcopter until it reaches a certain height and is used to take pictures of tourist areas from wider viewing angles. The results of the shooting will be displayed on the website as an attraction partners to increase the number of visitors on the footflag website and attract much the tourists to related tour object. Conclutions: ROCO Pantura (Robot Copter photographer reserve) a fly Devices used to take pictures from the air. This tool is equipped with a high resolution camera to get the maximum imag

MALTE - Model to predict new aerosol formation in the lower troposphere

The manuscript presents a detailed description of the meteorological and chemical code of Malte – a model to predict new aerosol formation in the lower troposphere. The aerosol dynamics are achieved by the new developed UHMA (University of Helsinki Multicomponent Aerosol Model) code with kinetic limited nucleation as responsible mechanism to form new clusters. First results indicate that the model is able to predict the on- and offset of new particle formation as well as the total aerosol number concentrations that were in good agreement with the observations. Further, comparison of predicted and measured H2SO4 concentrations showed a satisfactory agreement. The simulation results indicated that at a certain transitional particle diameter (2–7 nm), organic molecules can begin to contribute significantly to the growth rate compared to sulphuric acid. At even larger particle sizes, organic molecules can dominate the growth rate on days with significant monoterpene concentrations. The intraday vertical evolution of newly formed clusters and particles in two different size ranges resulted in two maxima at the ground. These particles grow around noon to the detectable size range and agree well with measured vertical profiles

Biogenic weathering bridges the nutrient gap in pristine ecosystems - a global comparison

In many pristine ecosystems there seems to be negative nutrient budget existent, meaning that export exceeds the input received by aeolian deposition and physico-chemical weathering. Such ecosystems should degrade rather quickly, but are often found surprisingly stable on the long run. Our hypothesis was that this nutrient gap is an artefact caused by not considering the contribution of photoassimilatory-mediated biogenic weathering to the overall nutrient input, which might constitute an additional, energetically directed and demand driven pathway. Here, we firstly evaluated the evolution of mutualistic biogenic weathering along an Antarctic chronosequence and secondly compared the biogenic weathering rates under mycorrhized ecosystems over a global gradient of contrasting states of soil development. We found the ability to perform biogenic weathering increasing along its evolutionary development in photoautotroph-symbiont interaction and furthermore a close relation between fungal biogenic weathering and available potassium across all 16 forested sites in the study, regardless of the dominant mycorrhiza type (AM or EM), climate, and plant-species composition. Our results point towards a general alleviation of nutrient limitation at ecosystem scale via directional, energy driven and on-demand biogenic weathering

Modelling non-equilibrium secondary organic aerosol formation and evaporation with the aerosol dynamics, gas- and particle-phase chemistry kinetic multilayer model ADCHAM

We have developed the novel Aerosol Dynamics, gas- and particle-phase chemistry model for laboratory CHAMber studies (ADCHAM). The model combines the detailed gas-phase Master Chemical Mechanism version 3.2 (MCMv3.2), an aerosol dynamics and particle-phase chemistry module (which considers acid-catalysed oligomerization, heterogeneous oxidation reactions in the particle phase and non-ideal interactions between organic compounds, water and inorganic ions) and a kinetic multilayer module for diffusion-limited transport of compounds between the gas phase, particle surface and particle bulk phase. In this article we describe and use ADCHAM to study (1) the evaporation of liquid dioctyl phthalate (DOP) particles, (2) the slow and almost particle-size-independent evaporation of alpha-pinene ozonolysis secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles, (3) the mass-transfer-limited uptake of ammonia (NH3) and formation of organic salts between ammonium (NH4+) and carboxylic acids (RCOOH), and (4) the influence of chamber wall effects on the observed SOA formation in smog chambers. ADCHAM is able to capture the observed alpha-pinene SOA mass increase in the presence of NH3(g). Organic salts of ammonium and carboxylic acids predominantly form during the early stage of SOA formation. In the smog chamber experiments, these salts contribute substantially to the initial growth of the homogeneously nucleated particles. The model simulations of evaporating alpha-pinene SOA particles support the recent experimental findings that these particles have a semi-solid tar-like amorphous-phase state. ADCHAM is able to reproduce the main features of the observed slow evaporation rates if the concentration of low-volatility and viscous oligomerized SOA material at the particle surface increases upon evaporation. The evaporation rate is mainly governed by the reversible decomposition of oligomers back to monomers. Finally, we demonstrate that the mass-transfer-limited uptake of condensable organic compounds onto wall-deposited particles or directly onto the Teflon chamber walls of smog chambers can have a profound influence on the observed SOA formation. During the early stage of the SOA formation the wall-deposited particles and walls themselves serve as an SOA sink from the air to the walls. However, at the end of smog chamber experiments the semi-volatile SOA material may start to evaporate from the chamber walls. With these four model applications, we demonstrate that several poorly quantified processes (i.e. mass transport limitations within the particle phase, oligomerization, heterogeneous oxidation, organic salt formation, and chamber wall effects) can have a substantial influence on the SOA formation, lifetime, chemical and physical particle properties, and their evolution. In order to constrain the uncertainties related to these processes, future experiments are needed in which as many of the influential variables as possible are varied. ADCHAM can be a valuable model tool in the design and analysis of such experiments

Evaluation on the role of sulfuric acid in the mechanisms of new particle formation for Beijing case

New particle formation (NPF) is considered as an important mechanism for gas-to-particle transformation, and gaseous sulfuric acid is believed as a crucial precursor. Up to now few field-based studies on nucleation mechanisms and the role of sulfuric acid were conducted in China. In this study, simultaneously measurements of particle number size distributions and gaseous sulfuric acid concentrations were performed from July to September in 2008. Totally, 22 new particle formation events were observed during the entire 85 campaign days. The results show that in the case of both higher source and sink values, the result of the competition between source and sink is more likely the key limiting factor to determine the observation of NPF events in Beijing. The concentrations of gaseous sulfuric acid show good correlations with freshly nucleated particles (<i>N</i><sub>3-6</sub> and formation rates (<i>J</i><sub>3</sub> and <i>J</i><sub>1.5</sub>. The power-law relationship between H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> concentration and <i>N</i><sub>3-6</sub> or <i>J</i> is adopted to explore the nucleation mechanism. The exponents are showed a great range (from 1 to 7). More than half of the NPF events exhibit an exponent larger than 2.5. For these cases, the thermodynamic process works better than the activation or kinetic nucleation theories to explain the nucleation events in urban atmosphere of Beijing

Analysis of Green Marketing Practices: A Micro and Small Enterprises Perspective

Green marketing is a growing concept connecting sustainable internal business operations and corporate social responsibilities. Hence, the study explored the green marketing practices of selected micro and small enterprises in Cavite, Philippines. The descriptive-causal research design was utilized, and the 20 legally-registered micro and small enterprises were purposively selected. MSEs in Cavite are dominated by sole proprietors with 1-9 employees, have an estimated asset size of Php3,000,000 or less, have been in operation for 1-3 years, and have an average monthly revenue of Php20,000 and below. They employ green marketing practices such as providing safe products and services, implementing more environment-friendly ways of pollution prevention, advertising green awareness and attraction, and utilizing vehicles that consume less energy. MSEs’ green marketing practices in production, packaging, advertising, and operation are highly effective, while distribution is less effective. Business profiles and MSE have no significant difference, excluding the difference between the number of employees and the perceived effectiveness of green marketing practices in terms of operation. MSEs faced difficulties in distribution due to safety protocols and lack of resources. Thus, the study recommends personalized marketing designs to engage wider customers and social-based marketing approaches to address diverse customer preferences

Nitrate pollution of groundwater, all right... but nothing else?

Contamination from agricultural sources and, in particular, nitrate pollution, is one of the main concerns in groundwater management. However, this type of pollution entails the entrance of other substances into the aquifer, as well as it may promote other processes. In this study, we deal with hydrochemical and isotopic analysis of groundwater samples from four distinct zones in Catalonia (NE Spain), which include different lithological units, to investigate the influence of manure fertilization on the overall hydrochemical composition of groundwater. Results indicate that high nitrate concentrations, resulting from intense manure application, homogenize the contents of the major dissolved ions (i.e.; Cl-, SO42-, Ca2+, Na+, K+, and Mg2+). Moreover, positive linear relationships between nitrate and some ions are found indicating the magnitude of the fertilization impact on groundwater hydrochemistry. Nevertheless, the increasing concentration of specific ions is not only attributed to the manure input, but to the enhancing effect of manure and slurry upon the biogeochemical processes that control water-rock interactions. Such results raise awareness that such processes should be evaluated in advance in order to assess adequate groundwater resources assessmen

The simulations of sulfuric acid concentration and new particle formation in an urban atmosphere in China

Simulations of sulfuric acid concentration and new particle formation are performed by using the zero-dimensional version of the model MALTE (Model to predict new Aerosol formation in the Lower TropospherE) and measurements from the Campaign of Air Quality Research in Beijing and Surrounding areas (CAREBeijing) in 2008. Chemical reactions from the Master Chemical Mechanism Version 3.2 (MCM v3.2) are used in the model. High correlation (slope = 0.72, <i>R</i> = 0.74) between the modelled and observed sulfuric acid concentrations is found during daytime (06:00–18:00). The aerosol dynamics are simulated by the University of Helsinki Multicomponent Aerosol (UHMA) model including several nucleation mechanisms. The results indicate that the model is able to predict the on- and offset of new particle formation in an urban atmosphere in China. In addition, the number concentrations of newly formed particles in kinetic-type nucleation including homogenous homomolecular (<i>J=K</i>[H₂SO₄]²) and homogenous heteromolecular nucleation involving organic vapours (<i>J=K</i>_het[H₂SO₄][Org]) are in satisfactory agreement with the observations. However, the specific organic compounds possibly participate in the nucleation process should be investigated in further studies

Politicians polarize and experts depolarize public support for COVID-19 management policies across countries

Significance Political polarization impeded public support for policies to address the spread of COVID-19, much as polarization hinders responses to other societal challenges. The present cross-country study demonstrates how the cues from political elites and affective polarization are analogous across countries addressing COVID-19. Far from being an outlier, the United States faces polarization challenges similar to those of other countries. Importantly, the results demonstrate that policies to combat public health crises are more supported when proposed by nonpartisan experts and bipartisan coalitions of political leaders. These results provide clear guidance on depolarizing communication strategies to improve global responses to health crises