Aerobiology and Spread of Microbial Diseases

The different steps in spread of micro-organisms through the atmosphere causing diseases have been detailed. Case studies of a variety of disease outbursts have been correlated with the source and spread of causative agents. These micro-organisms also flourish in certain work environments causing an occupational hazard

Catálogo de los objetos que presentan Noruega y Suecia a la Exposición Histórico-Americana de Madrid.

Copia digital. España : Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 2021Tit. en cub.: Catálogo especial de Suecia y Norueg

Fungal microbiota from rain water and pathogenicity of Fusarium species isolated from atmospheric dust and rainfall dust

In order to determine the presence of Fusarium spp. in atmospheric dust and rainfall dust, samples were collected during September 2007, and July, August, and October 2008. The results reveal the prevalence of airborne Fusarium species coming from the atmosphere of the South East coast of Spain. Five different Fusarium species were isolated from the settling dust: Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, F. equiseti, F. dimerum, and F. proliferatum. Moreover, rainwater samples were obtained during significant rainfall events in January and February 2009. Using the dilution-plate method, 12 fungal genera were identified from these rainwater samples. Specific analyses of the rainwater revealed the presence of three species of Fusarium: F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum and F. equiseti. A total of 57 isolates of Fusarium spp. obtained from both rainwater and atmospheric rainfall dust sampling were inoculated onto melon (Cucumis melo L.) cv. Piñonet and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cv. San Pedro. These species were chosen because they are the main herbaceous crops in Almeria province. The results presented in this work indicate strongly that spores or propagules of Fusarium are able to cross the continental barrier carried by winds from the Sahara (Africa) to crop or coastal lands in Europe. Results show differences in the pathogenicity of the isolates tested. Both hosts showed root rot when inoculated with different species of Fusarium, although fresh weight measurements did not bring any information about the pathogenicity. The findings presented above are strong indications that long-distance transmission of Fusarium propagules may occur. Diseases caused by species of Fusarium are common in these areas. They were in the past, and are still today, a problem for greenhouses crops in Almería, and many species have been listed as pathogens on agricultural crops in this region. Saharan air masses dominate the Mediterranean regions. The evidence of long distance dispersal of Fusarium spp. by atmospheric dust and rainwater together with their proved pathogenicity must be taken into account in epidemiological studies

Imbalanced nitrogen and phosphorus deposition in the urban and forest environments in southeast Tibet

In recent decades, high levels of anthropogenic emissions in China have dramatically increased nitrogen (N) deposition and may lead to an imbalance of atmospheric N and phosphorus (P) inputs in terrestrial ecosystems. However, currently the status of N and P deposition in southeast Tibet is poorly understood. Here, we investigated spatial and monthly patterns of N and P bulk deposition based on measurements of dissolved inorganic N (DIN, including ammonium N and nitrate N) and dissolved organic N (DON) and total dissolved P (TDP) in precipitation from March to October 2017. Measurements were made at an urban site in Nyingchi city (NC) and at a forest site in Sejila Mountain (SJL). Over the study period, monthly total dissolved N (the sum of DIN and DON) deposition fluxes totalled 4.6 and 3.6 kg N ha−1 at SJL and NC, respectively, of which dissolved organic nitrogen accounted for 35 and 38%. Monthly averages showed an increasing trend from March to June, and then a decrease during last two months (September and October). At both two sites, the ratios of ammonium to nitrate N in bulk deposition are greater than 1, indicating that reduced N mainly from agricultural sources dominated N deposition in study area. Monthly TDP deposition fluxes totalled 0.68 and 0.58 kg P ha−1 at SJL and NC, respectively, both of which showed an increasing trend from March to May and a decreasing trend from July to October. The N/P ratio was 6.1 and 6.8 at NC and SJL, respectively

Temporal variability and effect of environmental variables on airborne bacterial communities in an urban area of Northern Italy

Despite airborne microorganisms representing a relevant fraction of atmospheric suspended particles, only a small amount of information is currently available on their abundance and diversity and very few studies have investigated the environmental factors influencing the structure of airborne bacterial communities. In this work, we used quantitative PCR and Illumina technology to provide a thorough description of airborne bacterial communities in the urban area of Milan (Italy). Forty samples were collected in 10-day sampling sessions, with one sessionper season.Themeanbacterialabundancewasabout104 ribosomal operons perm3 of air andwas lower inwinter than in the other seasons. Communitieswere dominated by Actinobacteridae, Clostridiales, Sphingobacteriales and fewproteobacterial orders (Burkholderiales, Rhizobiales, Sphingomonadales andPseudomonadales).Chloroplastswere abundant in all samples. Ahigher abundanceof Actinobacteridae,which are typical soil-inhabiting bacteria, and a lower abundance of chloroplasts in samples collected on cold days were observed. The variation in community composition observed within seasons was comparable to that observed between seasons, thus suggesting that airborne bacterial communities showlarge temporal variability, even between consecutive days. The structure of airborne bacterial communities therefore suggests that soil and plants are the sources which contribute most to the airborne communities of Milan atmosphere, but the structure of the bacterial community seems to depend mainly on the source of bacteria that predominates in a given period of time

The role of open-air inhalatoria in the air quality improvement in spa towns

Objectives: The present study was aimed at evaluating microbiological contamination of air in Ciechocinek and Ino­wro­cław – Polish lowland spa towns. Additionally, the impact of open-air inhalatoria on the quality of air was evaluated. Material and Methods: Air samples were collected seasonally in the urban areas, in the recreation areas and in the vicinity of inhalatoria in both towns using impaction. The numbers of mesophilic bacteria, staphylococci, hemolytic bacteria and actinomycetes were determined on media according to the Polish Standard PN-86/Z-04111/02. The number of moulds was determined on media according to the Polish Standard PN-86/Z-04111/03. Results: While the highest numbers of microorganisms were noted at the sites located in the urban areas, the lowest numbers were noted in the vicinity of the open-air inhalatoria. In all the investigated air samples the values of bioaerosol concentrations were below the recommended TLVs (≤ 5000 CFU×m–3 for both bacteria and fungi in outdoor environments). Location of the sampling site was invariably a decisive factor in determining the number of microorganisms in the air. Conclusions: The aerosol which is formed in the open-air inhalatoria has a positive influence on microbiological air quality. Owing to a unique microclimate and low air contamination, Ciechocinek and Inowrocław comply with all necessary requirements set for health resorts specializing in treating upper respiratory tract infections

A new isopod from the coast of Sweden

Volume: 10Start Page: 3End Page: 1

Systematical list of the Amphipoda Hyperiidea

Volume: 11Start Page: 1End Page: 5

Om Balanidernas utveckling.

CHECK1875Diss. Uppsala.OPLADEN-RUG0