Jean-Baptiste Bélanger, hydraulic engineer, researcher and academic

Jean-Baptiste BÉLANGER (1790-1874) worked as a hydraulic engineer at the beginning of his career. He developed the backwater equation to calculate gradually-varied open channel flow properties for steady flow conditions. Later, as an academic at the leading French engineering schools (Ecole Centrale des Arts et Manufactures, Ecole des Ponts et Chaussées, and Ecole Polytechnique), he developed a new university curriculum in mechanics and several textbooks including a seminal text in hydraulic engineering. His influence on his contemporaries was considerable, and his name is written on the border of one of the four facades of the Eiffel Tower. BÉLANGER's leading role demonstrated the dynamism of practicing engineers at the time, and his contributions paved the way to many significant works in hydraulics

Hemodynamics: An Introduction

International audienceThe cardiovascular transport circuit is involved in both mass and heat transfer. It carries blood cells as well as oxygen and nutrients to cells of the body’s organs through the perfusing systemic arterial bed and wastes produced by working cells to their final destinations through draining veins. Blood flows throughout the body in the vasculature due to a pressure difference between the ventricular outlet and atrial inlet. Blood is propelled in the systemic and pulmonary circulation by the synchronized action of the left and right apposed cardiac pumps, respectively. Hemodynamics is related to the flow features in the heart and blood vessels, in normal and pathological conditions, in particular the pressure–flow relations and transport of substances by blood to given target organs. It can be required in therapy planning and optimization