La santé mentale par la gestion des projets personnels : une intervention auprès de jeunes retraités

Une intervention axée sur les buts personnels est offerte à des retraités de 50 à 65 ans en vue d’augmenter leur bien-être psychologique et leur santé mentale. Plus spécifiquement, le programme présenté ici a pour objectif de promouvoir l’expression, la planification et la réalisation de projets personnels à travers une démarche d’apprentissage basée sur une approche cognitive. À la suite de l’intervention, les participants du groupe expérimental (n = 117) se sont améliorés significativement comparativement au groupe contrôle (n = 177) sur tous les indices relatifs aux buts et au bien-être subjectif, et cette amélioration s’est maintenue six mois après la fin de l’intervention. Certaines indications permettront une application plus efficace du programme Gestion des buts personnels.A personal goal-based intervention was offered to retired people aged 50 to 65 years with the objective of increasing their subjective well-being and their mental health. More specifically, the program presented here was aimed to promote the setting, planning, and realization of personal projects through a learning process based on a cognitive approach. At the end of the program, the experimental group (n = 117) had improved significantly more than the control group (n = 177) on all the goal and subjective well-being indicators, and this gain was maintained six months later. Some ideas to make the program more effective are discussed.Se ofrece una intervención centrada en las metas personales a jubilados de 50 a 65 años, con el objetivo de aumentar su bienestar psicológico y su salud mental. Más específicamente, el programa aquí presentado tiene como objetivo promover la expresión, planificación y realización de proyectos personales a través de un proceso de aprendizaje basado en un enfoque cognitivo. Después de la intervención, los participantes del grupo experimental (n = 117) mejoraron significativamente en comparación con el grupo de control (n = 177) en todos los índices relativos a las metas y al bienestar subjetivo, y esta mejora se mantuvo seis meses después de terminada la intervención. Ciertas indicaciones permitirán una aplicación más eficaz del programa de Gestión de metas personales.Uma intervenção baseada nos objetivos pessoais é oferecida aos aposentados de 50 a 65 anos com a finalidade de aumentar seu bem-estar psicológico e sua saúde mental. Mais especificamente, o programa apresentado aqui tem por objetivo promover a expressão, o planejamento e a realização de projetos pessoais através de uma abordagem de aprendizagem baseada em uma abordagem cognitiva. Após a intervenção, os participantes do grupo experimental (n=117) melhoraram muito, em relação ao grupo de controle (n=177), em todos os índices relativos aos objetivos e ao bem-estar subjetivo; esta melhoria manteve-se durante seis meses após o fim da intervenção. Algumas indicações permitirão uma aplicação mais eficaz do programa Gestão dos objetivos pessoais

Estimation de l’effet-école et de l’effet-classe sur la motivation des élèves du secondaire

Cette étude vise à estimer l’ampleur de l’effet de l’environnement scolaire sur la motivation et le rendement scolaire de 7 433 élèves de la première à la cinquième secondaire provenant de 54 écoles publiques du Québec. Les résultats des analyses multiniveaux montrent que la variance expliquée dans la motivation des élèves par l’effet de l’école varie de 0,2 % à 2,5 %, alors que celle due à la classe varie de 2,0 % à 7,2 %. Enfin, l’effet de l’école sur le rendement des élèves est aussi plus faible que celui de la classe, mais les deux sont plus importants que ceux observés sur la motivation.The goal of this study is to examine the respective importance of school and classroom effects on students’ motivation and achievement. 7433 junior and senior high school students enrolled in 54 public schools from the province of Quebec agreed to participate. Results of the multilevel analyses showed that the variance of school effects on students’ motivation ranged from 0,2 % to 2,5 % whereas the variance of the effects of classroom ranged from 2,0 % to 7,2 %. Although the school effect on students’ achievement was also weaker than the effect of the classroom, both effects were stronger than they were on motivation.El estudio tiene por propósito estimar la amplitud del efecto del ámbito escolar sobre la motivación y el rendimiento escolar de 7 433 alumnos del primer al quinto grado de la secundaria procedentes de 54 escuelas públicas de Quebec. Los resultados de los análisis multiniveles muestran que la varianza en la motivación de los alumnos debida al efecto de la escuela oscilan entre 0,2 % y 2,5 %, mientras que la debida a la clase varía de 2,0 % à 7,2 %. Por terminar, el efecto de la escuela sobre el rendimiento de los alumnos es también más bajo que él de la clase, pero los dos resultan ser más importantes que los que fueron observados sobre la motivación

Latest Altimetry-Based Sea Ice Freeboard and Volume Inter-Annual Variability in the Antarctic over 2003–2020

The relatively stable conditions of the sea ice cover in the Antarctic, observed for almost 40 years, seem to be changing recently. Therefore, it is essential to provide sea ice thickness (SIT) and volume (SIV) estimates in order to anticipate potential multi-scale changes in the Antarctic sea ice. For that purpose, the main objectives of this work are: (1) to assess a new sea ice freeboard, thickness and volume altimetry dataset over 2003–2020 and (2) to identify first order impacts of the sea ice recent conditions. To produce these series, we use a neuronal network to calibrate Envisat radar freeboards onto CryoSat-2 (CS2). This method addresses the impacts of surface roughness on Low Resolution Mode (LRM) measurements. During the 2011 common flight period, we found a mean deviation between Envisat and CryoSat-2 radar freeboards by about 0.5 cm. Using the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) and the dual-frequency Altimetric Snow Depth (ASD) data, our solutions are compared with the Upward looking sonar (ULS) draft data, some in-situ measurement of the SIMBA campaign, the total freeboards of 6 Operation Ice Bridge (OIB) missions and ICESat-2 total freeboards. Over 2003–2020, the global mean radar freeboard decreased by about −14% per decade and the SIT and SIV by about −10% per decade (considering a snow depth climatology). This is marked by a slight increase through 2015, which is directly followed by a strong decrease in 2016. Thereafter, freeboards generally remained low and even continued to decrease in some regions such as the Weddell sea. Considering the 2013–2020 period, for which the ASD data are available, radar freeboards and SIT decreased by about −40% per decade. The SIV decreased by about −60% per decade. After 2016, the low SIT values contrast with the sea ice extent that has rather increased again, reaching near-average values in winter 2020. The regional analysis underlines that such thinning (from 2016) occurs in all regions except the Amundsen-Bellingshausen sea sector. Meanwhile, we observed a reversal of the main regional trends from 2016, which may be the signature of significant ongoing changes in the Antarctic sea ice

Improved Arctic Sea Ice Freeboard Retrieval From Satellite Altimetry Using Optimized Sea Surface Decorrelation Scales

A growing number of studies are concluding that the resilience of the Arctic sea ice cover in a warming climate is essentially controlled by its thickness. Satellite radar and laser altimeters have allowed us to routinely monitor sea ice thickness across most of the Arctic Ocean for several decades. However, a key uncertainty remaining in the sea ice thickness retrieval is the error on the sea surface height (SSH) which is conventionally interpolated at ice floes from a limited number of lead observations along the altimeter's orbital track. Here, we use an objective mapping approach to determine sea surface height from all proximal lead samples located on the orbital track and from adjacent tracks within a neighborhood of 30–220 (mean 105) km. The patterns of the SSH signal's zonal, meridional, and temporal decorrelation length scales are obtained by analyzing the covariance of historic CryoSat-2 Arctic lead observations, which match the scales obtained from an equivalent analysis of high-resolution sea ice-ocean model fields. We use these length scales to determine an optimal SSH and error estimate for each sea ice floe location. By exploiting leads from adjacent tracks, we can increase the sea ice radar freeboard precision estimated at orbital crossovers by up to 20%. In regions of high SSH uncertainty, biases in CryoSat-2 radar freeboard can be reduced by 25% with respect to coincident airborne validation data. The new method is not restricted to a particular sensor or mode, so it can be generalized to all present and historic polar altimetry missions

Comparative acute efficacy and tolerability of OROS and immediate release formulations of methylphenidate in the treatment of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The main aim of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of IR MPH administered three times daily to those of once daily OROS-MPH.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Subjects were outpatient adults satisfying full diagnostic criteria for DSM-IV ADHD between 19 and 60 years of age. Data from two independently conducted 6-week placebo controlled, randomized clinical trials of IR-MPH (tid) and of OROS-MPH were pooled to create three study groups: Placebo (N = 116), IR-MPH (tid) (N = 102) and OROS-MPH (N = 67).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Eight-five percent (N = 99) of placebo treated subjects, 77% (N = 79) of the IR-MPH (tid) treated subjects, and 82% (N = 55) of the OROS-MPH treated subjects completed the 6-week trial. Total daily doses at endpoint were 80.9 ± 31.9 mg, 74.8 ± 26.2 mg, and 95.4 ± 26.3 mg in the OROS-MPH, IR-MPH (tid), and placebo groups, respectively. At endpoint, 66% (N = 44) of subjects receiving OROS-MPH and 70% (N = 71) of subjects receiving IR-MPH (tid) were considered responders compared with 31% (N = 36) on placebo.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Comparison of data from two similarly designed, large, randomized, placebo-controlled, trials, showed that equipotent daily doses of once daily OROS-MPH had similar efficacy to that of TID administered IR MPH.</p> <p>Trial Registration</p> <p>The trial of OROS-MPH was registered at clinicaltrials.gov, number NCT00181571.</p

Scientists’ Warning to Humanity: Rapid degradation of the world\u27s large lakes

Large lakes of the world are habitats for diverse species, including endemic taxa, and are valuable resources that provide humanity with many ecosystem services. They are also sentinels of global and local change, and recent studies in limnology and paleolimnology have demonstrated disturbing evidence of their collective degradation in terms of depletion of resources (water and food), rapid warming and loss of ice, destruction of habitats and ecosystems, loss of species, and accelerating pollution. Large lakes are particularly exposed to anthropogenic and climatic stressors. The Second Warning to Humanity provides a framework to assess the dangers now threatening the world\u27s large lake ecosystems and to evaluate pathways of sustainable development that are more respectful of their ongoing provision of services. Here we review current and emerging threats to the large lakes of the world, including iconic examples of lake management failures and successes, from which we identify priorities and approaches for future conservation efforts. The review underscores the extent of lake resource degradation, which is a result of cumulative perturbation through time by long-term human impacts combined with other emerging stressors. Decades of degradation of large lakes have resulted in major challenges for restoration and management and a legacy of ecological and economic costs for future generations. Large lakes will require more intense conservation efforts in a warmer, increasingly populated world to achieve sustainable, high-quality waters. This Warning to Humanity is also an opportunity to highlight the value of a long-term lake observatory network to monitor and report on environmental changes in large lake ecosystems

Altimetry for the future: Building on 25 years of progress

In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and more recently, in 2018, in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, 25 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry. On this latter occasion it was decided to collect contributions of scientists, engineers and managers involved in the worldwide altimetry community to depict the state of altimetry and propose recommendations for the altimetry of the future. This paper summarizes contributions and recommendations that were collected and provides guidance for future mission design, research activities, and sustainable operational radar altimetry data exploitation. Recommendations provided are fundamental for optimizing further scientific and operational advances of oceanographic observations by altimetry, including requirements for spatial and temporal resolution of altimetric measurements, their accuracy and continuity. There are also new challenges and new openings mentioned in the paper that are particularly crucial for observations at higher latitudes, for coastal oceanography, for cryospheric studies and for hydrology. The paper starts with a general introduction followed by a section on Earth System Science including Ocean Dynamics, Sea Level, the Coastal Ocean, Hydrology, the Cryosphere and Polar Oceans and the ‘‘Green” Ocean, extending the frontier from biogeochemistry to marine ecology. Applications are described in a subsequent section, which covers Operational Oceanography, Weather, Hurricane Wave and Wind Forecasting, Climate projection. Instruments’ development and satellite missions’ evolutions are described in a fourth section. A fifth section covers the key observations that altimeters provide and their potential complements, from other Earth observation measurements to in situ data. Section 6 identifies the data and methods and provides some accuracy and resolution requirements for the wet tropospheric correction, the orbit and other geodetic requirements, the Mean Sea Surface, Geoid and Mean Dynamic Topography, Calibration and Validation, data accuracy, data access and handling (including the DUACS system). Section 7 brings a transversal view on scales, integration, artificial intelligence, and capacity building (education and training). Section 8 reviews the programmatic issues followed by a conclusion

Altimetry for the future: building on 25 years of progress

In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and more recently, in 2018, in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, 25 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry. On this latter occasion it was decided to collect contributions of scientists, engineers and managers involved in the worldwide altimetry community to depict the state of altimetry and propose recommendations for the altimetry of the future. This paper summarizes contributions and recommendations that were collected and provides guidance for future mission design, research activities, and sustainable operational radar altimetry data exploitation. Recommendations provided are fundamental for optimizing further scientific and operational advances of oceanographic observations by altimetry, including requirements for spatial and temporal resolution of altimetric measurements, their accuracy and continuity. There are also new challenges and new openings mentioned in the paper that are particularly crucial for observations at higher latitudes, for coastal oceanography, for cryospheric studies and for hydrology. The paper starts with a general introduction followed by a section on Earth System Science including Ocean Dynamics, Sea Level, the Coastal Ocean, Hydrology, the Cryosphere and Polar Oceans and the “Green” Ocean, extending the frontier from biogeochemistry to marine ecology. Applications are described in a subsequent section, which covers Operational Oceanography, Weather, Hurricane Wave and Wind Forecasting, Climate projection. Instruments’ development and satellite missions’ evolutions are described in a fourth section. A fifth section covers the key observations that altimeters provide and their potential complements, from other Earth observation measurements to in situ data. Section 6 identifies the data and methods and provides some accuracy and resolution requirements for the wet tropospheric correction, the orbit and other geodetic requirements, the Mean Sea Surface, Geoid and Mean Dynamic Topography, Calibration and Validation, data accuracy, data access and handling (including the DUACS system). Section 7 brings a transversal view on scales, integration, artificial intelligence, and capacity building (education and training). Section 8 reviews the programmatic issues followed by a conclusion