Rôle De La Fracturation Dans La Circulation Des Eaux Souterraines Et La Répartition Des Sources : Cas Du Bassin Hydrogéologique De Sefrou (Moyen Atlas Septentrional, Maroc)

The formation of the basin of Sefrou is related to the normal successive movements of the faults N130, N80, N30 and N170 which follow one another since the upper Miocene until the recent medium-Quaternary. Seeing the dynamic of groundwater in the carbonated lands (Liasic dolomites) is primarily guided by the fractures and the cracks; we propose to study the influence of brittle tectonics on the spatial organization of the flows and the relation of the groundwater circulation with the fracturing. The analysis of the fracturing (affecting the Flavio-lake and travertines deposits of plio-quaternary age and their Miocene and Jurassic substratum) and the structural cuts as well as the correlation of the piezometric map established from the piezometric reports with that of the fracturing, allowed us to note that the fractures play a very important part in the geometry of the Liasic aquifer and the mode of the circulation of groundwater. This circulation is dependent on the zones of weaknesses along the faults and fractures. Water emergences are very variable and controlled by the paramount influence of the nature of the lithological formations and the tectonic structure on underground circulations. Indeed, the sources of water located in the basin of Sefrou are indexed, according to their origin, inside two types: sources of emergence and sources of discharge

L’Analyse Des Pratiques Enseignantes Liées Aux Sorties De Terrain Dans L’Enseignement Des Sciences De La Vie Et De La Terre

Dans l’enseignement des Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre (SVT), les sorties de terrain jouent un rôle important, dans la mesure où elles permettent de donner un sens aux apprentissages en mettant les apprenants directement en contact des concepts scientifiques abordés. Ces sorties peuvent avoir une approche beaucoup plus sensitive et émotionnelle des notions observées que dans l’enceinte des établissements scolaires. Le dépaysement éprouvé par les apprenants a le mérite de stimuler leur curiosité pour de meilleurs apprentissages. L’objectif de cette recherche est de montrer l’importance des sorties de terrain en tant qu’outil clé d’apprentissage et de développement de l’esprit scientifique des apprenants ainsi que l’ancrage des valeurs positives envers l’environnement. Elle a aussi pour finalités d’analyser les pratiques enseignantes liées à cette activité parascolaire, de révéler les obstacles empêchant les enseignants d’organiser de telles sorties et proposer des solutions adéquates pour une meilleure efficacité de cette pratique pédagogique intimement liée à l’enseignement des SVT. La méthodologie suivie repose sur un questionnaire destiné aux enseignants des SVT du secondaire qualifiant exerçant au sein de 13 établissements répartis relevant de quatre villes du Maroc : Kénitra, Tétouan, Ouazzane et Benguérir. Les résultats obtenus ont permis de mettre en évidence : les différentes finalités propres aux sorties de terrain, telles que l’observation et l’exploitation des milieux naturels qui englobent un ensemble d’activités nécessitant l’application d’un certain nombre de techniques et l’usage d’outils adéquats, les conditions favorables à la réalisation de ces sorties liée à la présence de milieux naturels proches de leur zone de travail ; sans omettre les multiples contraintes entravant leur organisation, et qui ont dissuadé les enseignants enquêtés de ne plus les organiser, notamment les limites sécuritaires des apprenants et des enseignants, les ressources financières et logistiques spécifiques à ces activités et l’accompagnement administratif. In the teaching of life and earth sciences, field trips have an important role; they are the gateway which allows to give meaning to learning by putting the learners directly in contact with the target scientific concepts. These Field trips may have a much more sensitive and emotional approach to the notions in question than the context of classroom within an institution. The change of scenery as experienced by the learners can be a new source of questioning and may stimulate their curiosity for learning. The aim of this research is to show the importance of field trips as key tool for learning and developing the scientific mind among learners as well as anchoring positive values towards the environment, also to analyze teaching practices related to field trips, to highlight the obstacles encountered by teachers during these field trips and which prevent them from achievingand finally to suggest solutions that could improve thissituation in order to give sense to this kind of pedagogical activity which typifies the teaching of life and earth sciences. The methodology used is based on a questionnaire for teachers of life and earth sciencesin theSecondary schoolpracticing in 13 institutions in four citiesof Morocco: Kenitra, Tetouan, Ouazzane and Benguerir. The results obtained allow to highlight: the different purposes specific to the field trips such as the observation and exploitation of the natural environments which encompass a set of activities requiring the application of a certain number of techniques and tools, the appropriate conditions to the achievement of these Field trips which reside in the presence of natural environments close to their work zone; and finally, the constraints related to their organization which led the target teachers to no longer carry them out, especially the safety limits of learners and teachers, the financial and logistical resources related to these activities as well as lack of administrative support

Solar drying, hygroscopic equilibrium and biochemical quality of Punica granatum legrelliae’s flowers

Punica granatum Legrelliae is a valuable medicinal plant that is widely planted in Morocco. The equilibrium moisture content was investigated. Peleg model was found the most suitable to describe the sorption phenomenon. The drying kinetic of Punica granatum Legrelliae’s flowers was investigated by using a convection solar dryer. Midilli-Kucuk model described well the drying curves’ trend. The effective moisture diffusivity values were obtained. The Arrhenius relation, with an activation energy value of 92.91 kJ.mol-1 expressed the temperature effect on the diffusion coefficient. Finally, the effect of drying these flowers at different temperatures on their quality was investigated. To assess the quality of the product after solar drying; the color, polyphenols content, antioxidant activity, and polyphenoloxydase and peroxydase activities were considered. 40 °C was the best drying temperature for the preservation of color and bioactive molecules with antioxidant property

Contre-transfert postcolonial, une expérience brésilienne

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