Proteomic approach to improve the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusions

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Effect of the cutting date and the use of additives on the chemical composition and fermentative quality of sunflower silage

El objetivo fue evaluar fechas de corte y del uso de aditivos sobre la calidad del ensilado de la planta entera de girasol. La variedad forrajera (Rumbosol-91) se cosechó en las semanas 1, 3 y 5 post-floración (F1, F2 y F3, respectivamente) y tratada con los siguientes aditivos: 1) 1.5 × 105 ufc de inoculante g-1 de forraje, a base de bacterias lácticas homofermentativas Enterococcus faecium, Pediococcus pentosaceus y Lactobacillus plantarum (INOC), 2) 3 ml kg-1 de forraje de una solución al 85% de ácido fórmico (FORM) y 3) sin aditivo (Testigo); siguiendo un diseño factorial 3x3 con cinco repeticiones. La producción de efluente y las pérdidas totales de materia seca (MS) se redujeron, desde 282 y 134 g kg-1 en F+1 hasta 96 y 87 g kg-1 en F+5 como resultado del alto contenido de humedad del forraje próxima a la floración. El análisis NIRS de las muestras de ensilaje mostró que los contenidos de proteína, fibra y digestibilidad descendían significativamente con la madurez de la planta; la rápida acumulación de aceite en la MS hizo que la concentración energética fuese superior en el estado fenológico más avanzado. La calidad fermentativa de los ensilajes fue satisfactoria, independientemente del momento de corte y del uso de aditivo. Se concluye que es preferible el corte de la planta a las cinco semanas post-floración, donde se espera una fermentación aceptable sin necesidad de conservantes.The aim of this study was to evaluate cutting dates and the use of additives on the silage quality of the entire sunflower plant. The forage variety (Rumbosol-91) was harvested in weeks 1, 3 and 5 post-flowering (F1, F2 and F3, respectively) and treated with the following additives: 1) 1.5 × 105 cfu of g-1 forage inoculant, based on homofermentative lactic acid bacteria Enterococcus faecium, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactobacillus plantarum (INOC), 2) 3 ml kg-1 forage of an 85% formic acid solution (FORM) and 3) without additive (Control); following a 3x3 factorial design with five replications. Effluent production and total dry matter (DM  losses decreased,  from 282 and 134 g kg-1 on D + 1  to 96 and 87 g kg-1 on D + 5 as a result of the high moisture content of the forage close to flowering. NIRS analysis of the silage samples showed that the protein, fiber and digestibility contents decreased significantly with the maturity of the plant; the rapid accumulation of oil in the DM made the energy concentration higher in the most advanced phenological state. The fermentative quality of the silages was satisfactory, regardless of the cutting moment and the use of additive. It is concluded that the cutting moment of the plant is better at five weeks post-flowering, when an acceptable fermentation is expected without the need to use preservatives

A metal-organic framework based on Co(II) and 3-aminoisonicotinate showing specific and reversible colourimetric response to solvent exchange with variable magnet behaviour

[EN] A versatile metal-organic system consisting of Co-based compounds that show reversible transformations between a 3D metal-organic framework (MOF) of {[Co(mu-3isoani)(2)]center dot DMF}(n) (1) formula (where 3isoani - 3-aminoisonicotinato and DMF - dimethylformamide) and a 0D monomeric [Co(3isoani)(2)(H2O)(4)] (2) complex is reported. These 1 2 transformations, triggered by the exposure of the MOF and the monomer-based compound to H2O and DMF, respectively, involve colour changes from purple (in MOF 1) to light brown (in monomeric complex 2), which imbues the system with colourimetric sensing capacity towards these solvents. Despite the high reactivity of the MOF in contact with water, it presents good thermal stability and permanent porosity with a remarkably high CO2 capture capacity at room temperature (3.35 mmol/g), which is further analysed by in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Experimental magnetic properties and CASSCF/NEVPT2 calculations of all compounds reveal distinct slow magnetic relaxations for 3D and 0D compounds.This work has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE; PGC2018-102052-A-C22, PGC2018-102052-B-C21 and PID2019-108028GBC21), University of the Basque Country (GIU20/028), Gobierno Vasco/Eusko Jaurlaritza (IT1005-16, IT1291-19) and Junta de Andalucia (FQM-394, B-FQM-734-UGR20). O.P.C. thanks his predoctoral fellowship to UPV/EHU. The authors thank for technical and human support provided by SGIker of UPV/EHU and European funding (ERDF and ESF)

Highly sensitive marker panel for guidance in lung cancer rapid diagnostic units

While evidence for lung cancer screening implementation in Europe is awaited, Rapid Diagnostic Units have been established in many hospitals to accelerate the early diagnosis of lung cancer. We seek to develop an algorithm to detect lung cancer in a symptomatic population attending such unit, based on a sensitive serum marker panel. Serum concentrations of Epidermal Growth Factor, sCD26, Calprotectin, Matrix Metalloproteinases −1, −7, −9, CEA and CYFRA 21.1 were determined in 140 patients with respiratory symptoms (lung cancer and controls with/without benign pathology). Logistic Lasso regression was performed to derive a lung cancer prediction model, and the resulting algorithm was tested in a validation set. A classification rule based on EGF, sCD26, Calprotectin and CEA was established, able to reasonably discriminate lung cancer with 97% sensitivity and 43% specificity in the training set, and 91.7% sensitivity and 45.4% specificity in the validation set. Overall, the panel identified with high sensitivity stage I non-small cell lung cancer (94.7%) and 100% small-cell lung cancers. Our study provides a sensitive 4-marker classification algorithm for lung cancer detection to aid in the management of suspicious lung cancer patients in the context of Rapid Diagnostic Units.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación | Ref. PS09-00405Xunta de Galicia | Ref. INBIOMED 2012-273Xunta de Galicia | Ref. GRC2014/019Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación | Ref. MTM2011-2320

MERLIN: A new tool for flood hazard forecasting at the Galicia-Costa Hydrographic Demarcation

[EN] This article presents MERLIN, a tool for flood hazard evaluation, which forecasts discharges and water depths in flood prone areas of the Galicia Costa district. The warning system operates in two stages. During the hindcast stage, hydrological models of the basins included in the system assimilate hydro-meteorological data in order to characterize soil infiltration capacity. During the forecast stage, hydrological models are fed with meteorological predictions and discharge forecasts along the basins. Forecasted discharges define boundary conditions of hydraulic models, which compute the flood extent and the water depths over the upcoming days. The performance of MERLIN was evaluated in 4 areas using discharge data from the winter months of 2019-2020. Results proved MERLIN’s ability of predicting the discharges observed afterwards.[ES] Este artículo presenta MERLIN, una nueva herramienta para estimar el riesgo de inundaciones a partir de predicciones de caudales y calados en Áreas de Riesgo Potencial Significativo de Inundaciones (ARPSIS) de la demarcación hidrográfica Galicia-Costa. El sistema MERLIN opera en dos fases. Durante una primera fase de inicialización, modelos hidrológicos de las cuencas incluidas en el sistema asimilan datos hidro-meteorológicos para caracterizar la capacidad de infiltración del terreno. Durante la fase de predicción, los modelos hidrológicos previamente inicializados se alimentan con predicciones meteorológicas para determinar los caudales esperados durante los próximos días. Las predicciones de caudal alimentan a modelos hidráulicos de las ARPSIS que determinan los calados y la extensión de zonas inundadas. El funcionamiento de MERLIN se evaluó en 4 cuencas piloto a partir de los caudales registrados durante los temporales del invierno del 2019-2020, mostrando una buena capacidad de predecir los valores posteriormente observados.El desarrollo del sistema MERLIN y el resto de trabajos presentados en este artículo fue posible gracias a la financiación aportada por Augas de Galicia dentro del Convenio de colaboración entre Augas de Galicia e a Fundación de Enxeñería Civil de Galicia para a mellora do sistema de alerta temperá de risco de inundación na demarcación hidrográfica Galicia-costa.Fraga, I.; Cea, L.; Puertas, J.; Mosqueira, G.; Quinteiro, B.; Botana, S.; Fernández, L.... (2021). MERLIN: Una nueva herramienta para la predicción del riesgo de inundaciones en la demarcación hidrográfica Galicia-Costa. Ingeniería del agua. 25(3):215-227. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.2021.15565OJS215227253Alvarez-Garreton, C., Ryu, D., Western, A.W., Su, C.H., Crow, W.T., Robertson, E., Leahy, C. 2015. 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Revista Internacional de Metodos Numericos en Ingeniería, 30(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rimni.2012.07.004Carracedo, P. 2003. Acoplamiento de un modelo hidrodinámico de escala global con uno de escala regional para Galicia. Revista Real Academia Galega de Ciencias, 22, 85.Cea, L., Fraga, I. 2018. Incorporating antecedent moisture conditions and intraevent variability of rainfall on flood frequency analysis in poorly gauged basins. Water Resources Research, 54, 8774-8791. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018WR023194Cronshey, R. 1986. Urban hydrology for small watersheds. US Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service Engineering Division.García-Feal, O., González-Cao, J., Gómez-Gesteira, M., Cea, L., Domínguez, J., Formella, A. 2018. An accelerated tool for flood modelling based on Iber. Water, 10(10) 1459. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10101459Hossain, F., Siddique-E-Akbor, A.H.M., Yigzaw, W., Shah-Newaz, S., Hossain, M., Mazumder, L.C., Turk, F.J. 2014. Crossing the "valley of death": lessons learned from implementing an operational satellite-based flood forecasting system. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 95(8), 1201-1207. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00176.1IPCC (2018). Global warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change sustainable development and efforts to eradicate poverty. In Press.Jewell, S.A., Gaussiat, N. 2015. An assessment of kriging-based rain-gauge-radar merging techniques. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 141(691), 2300-2313. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2522Kasiviswanathan, K.S., He, J., Sudheer, K.P., Tay, J.H. 2016. Potential application of wavelet neural network ensemble to forecast streamflow for flood management. Journal of hydrology, 536, 161-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.02.044Kellens, W., Vanneuville, W., Verfaillie, E., Meire, E., Deckers, P., De Maeyer, P. 2013. Flood risk management in Flanders: past developments and future challenges. Water Resources Management, 27(10), 3585-3606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-013-0366-4Krajewski, W.F., Ceynar, D., Demir, I., Goska, R., Kruger, A., Langel, C., Small, S.J. 2017. Real-time flood forecasting and information system for the state of Iowa. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 98(3), 539-554. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00243.1Kumar, M., Sahay, R.R. 2018. Wavelet-genetic programming conjunction model for flood forecasting in rivers. Hydrology Research, 49(6), 1880-1889. https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2018.183Massari, C., Brocca, L., Tarpanelli, A., Moramarco, T. 2015. Data assimilation of satellite soil moisture into rainfall-runoff modelling: A complex recipe?. Remote Sensing, 7(9), 11403-11433. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70911403McKay, M.D., Beckman, R.J., Conover, W.J. 1979 A Comparison of three methods for selecting values of input variables in the analysis of output from a computer code. Technometrics, 21(2), 239-245.Mure-Ravaud, M., Binet, G., Bracq, M., Perarnaud, J.J., Fradin, A., Litrico, X. 2016. A web based tool for operational realtime flood forecasting using data assimilation to update hydraulic states. Environmental Modelling and Software, 84, 35-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.06.002Naranjo, L., Taboada, J.J., Lage, A., Salsón, S., Montero, P., Souto, J.A., Pérez-Muñuzuri, V. 2001. Estudio de las anómalas condiciones meteorológicas sobre Galicia durante el otoño de los años 2000 y 2001. Revista Real Academia Galega de Ciencias, 20, 113-133Nguyen, P., Thorstensen, A., Sorooshian, S., Hsu, K., AghaKouchak, A., Sanders, B., Koren, V., Cui, Z., Smith, M. 2016. A high resolution coupled hydrologic-hydraulic model (HiResFlood-UCI) for flash flood modeling. Journal of Hydrology, 541, 401-420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.10.047Razmkhah, H. 2016. Comparing performance of different loss methods in rainfall-runoff modeling. Water resources, 43(1), 207-224. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0097807816120058Rosburg, T.T., Nelson, P.A., Bledsoe, B.P. 2017. Effects of urbanization on flow duration and stream flashiness: a case study of Puget Sound streams, western Washington, USA. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 53(2), 493-507. https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12511Sanz-Ramos, M., Amengual, A., Bladé i Castellet, E., Romero, R., Roux, H. 2018. Flood forecasting using a coupled hydrological and hydraulic model (based on FVM) and highresolution meteorological model. Proceedings of River Flow 2018-Ninth International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics (pp. 1-8) Lyon France. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184006028Scharffenberg, W.A, Fleming, M.J. 2006. Hydrologic modeling system HEC-HMS: User's manual. US Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center.Shchepetkin, A.F., McWilliams, J.C. 2005. The regional oceanic modeling system (ROMS): a split-explicit free-surface topographyfollowing-coordinate oceanic model. Ocean Modelling, 9(4), 347-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2004.08.002Skamarock, W.C., Klemp, J.B., Dudhia, J., Gill, D.O., Barker, D.M., Wang, W., Powers, J.G. 2008. A description of the Advanced Research WRF version 3. NCAR Technical note-475+ STR.Sopelana, J., Cea, L., Ruano, S. 2018. A continuous simulation approach for the estimation of extreme flood inundation in coastal river reaches affected by meso and macro tides. Natural Hazards, 93(3) 1337-1358. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-018-3360-6Thielen, J., Bartholmes, J., Ramos, M. H., & Roo, A. D. 2009. The European flood alert system-part 1: concept and development. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 13(2), 125-140. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-125-2009Thiemig, V., Bisselink, B., Pappenberger, F., Thielen, J. 2015. A pan-African medium-range ensemble flood forecast system. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 19(8), 3365-3385. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3365-2015U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2010. National Engineering Handbook, Washington, DCVenâncio, A., Montero, P., Costa, P., Regueiro, S., Brands, S., Taboada, J. 2019. An Integrated Perspective of the Operational Forecasting System in Rías Baixas (Galicia, Spain) with Observational Data and End-Users. In International Conference on Computational Science (pp. 229-239). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22747-0_18Wallemarq, P., Below, R., McLean, D. 2018. UNISDR and CRED report: Economic Losses, Poverty & Disasters (1998-2017).Wanders, N., Karssenberg, D., Roo, A.D., De Jong, S.M., Bierkens, M.F.P. 2014. The suitability of remotely sensed soil moisture for improving operational flood forecasting. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 18(6), 2343-2357. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2343-2014Weerts, A.H., Winsemius, H.C., Verkade, J.S. 2011. Estimation of predictive hydrological uncertainty using quantile regression: examples from the National Flood Forecasting System (England and Wales). Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 15(1), 255-265. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-255-2011Xia, X., Liang, Q., Ming, X. 2019. A full-scale fluvial flood modelling framework based on a high-performance integrated hydrodynamic modelling system (HiPIMS). Advances in Water Resources, 132, 103392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2019.10339

Heteroepitaxial growth of MgO(111) thin films on Al2O3(0001): Evidence of a wurtzite to rocksalt transformation

We report on a growth study of MgO films deposited on Al2O3(0001) substrates by magnetron sputtering. The films exhibited a preferred rocksalt MgO(111) orientation. Surprisingly, depending on the O2 gas flow ratio, a structure of graphiticlike wurtzite MgO(0001) has been revealed. The observed Mg-O perpendicular bond length reduction is accompanied by an atomically flat surface morphology for the development of MgO(111) films; the transition to the bulk rocksalt structure occurs in the 3-6 nm coverage range. Previously, relaxation of the electrostatic instability of MgO(111) films accompanied by an in-plane lattice increase has been suggested theoretically [Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 205701 (2007)]. Here, relying on ab initio calculations, we infer that Mg vacancies facilitate the lattice match with the substrate. This mechanism suggests methods to engineer oxide heterostructures

Predicción de la calidad fermentativa de ensilados de girasol mediante espectroscopía de reflectancia en el infrarrojo cercano (NIRS) sobre muestras secas

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the predictive ability of calibration equations developed by NIRS (near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy) on dry and ground samples for estimating the fermentative quality of sunflower silage. NIRS spectra of a total of 52 oven-dried and ground silage samples from different laboratory silo tests carried out at the Mabegondo Agricultural Research Center (Centro de Investigacións Agrarias de Mabegondo, CIAM) were registered. The fresh samples were analyzed using reference methods. The pH, lactic acid, acetic acid, ethanol, ammonia nitrogen and soluble nitrogen levels were determined. NIRS calibrations were developed by modified partial least squares regression, performing a regression between spectral and reference data. The predictive capacity of the equations obtained ranged from excellent to good, with cross-validation coefficients of determination (r2cv) equal to or above 0.88. The RPD index values for all the parameters studied were equal to or above 3.0; therefore, the calibration equations obtained on dry and ground samples can be used satisfactorily to predict the fermentative quality of sunflower silages in routine analyses.El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la capacidad de predicción de las ecuaciones de calibración desarrolladas mediante NIRS (espectroscopía de reflectancia en el infrarrojo cercano) sobre muestras secas y molidas, para estimar la calidad fermentativa de ensilados de girasol. Un total de 52 muestras de ensilados procedentes de diferentes ensayos de silos de laboratorio realizados en el CIAM (Centro de Investigacións Agrarias de Mabegondo), cuyo espectro NIRS se registró sobre muestras secas en estufa y molidas. Las muestras en estado fresco fueron analizadas por métodos de referencia. Se determinó el pH, ácido láctico, ácido acético, etanol, nitrógeno amoniacal y nitrógeno soluble. Las calibraciones NIRS fueron desarrolladas utilizando regresión por mínimos cuadrados parciales modificada, realizando la regresión entre los datos espectrales y los de referencia. La capacidad predictiva de las ecuaciones obtenidas osciló entre excelente y buena, mostrando coeficientes de determinación de validación cruzada (r2vc) iguales o superiores a 0.88. Los valores del índice RPD para todos los parámetros estudiados fueron iguales o superiores a 3.0, por lo tanto, las ecuaciones de calibración obtenidas sobre muestras secas y molidas pueden utilizarse satisfactoriamente para predecir la calidad fermentativa de ensilados de girasol en análisis de rutina

Validation of PEDF as a potential biomarker for NSLC

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Levels of PEDF in pleural effusions from lung adenocarcinoma and benign disease patients

Abstract. Anti-tumor properties assigned to PEDF, beside its role as an inhibitor of angiogenesis, make it a promising candidate in the search of new biomarkers for malignancy. In this study levels of PEDF were investigated in pleural effusions from lung adenocarcinoma and benign inflammatory disease patients. The mean PEDF concentration in the malignant group was slightly superior to that in patients suffering benign diseases (4.59 µg/mL vs 3.97 µg/mL), although the difference did not reach statistical significance (P 0.166). Pleural effusion PEDF levels were not related to gender, age, smoking habit or pleural effusion size. We also investigated the possible relationship of PEDF levels in pleural effusion regarding clinicopathological features. Correlations were found for monocytes (P 0.010) and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (P 0.023) with PEDF levels in pleural effusion of malignant origin

Relevance of matrix metalloproteases in non-small cell lung cancer diagnosis

Abstract Background The need for novel biomarkers that could aid in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) detection, together with the relevance of Matrix Metalloproteases (MMPs) -1, -2, -7, -9 and -10 in lung tumorigenesis, prompted us to assess the diagnostic usefulness of these MMPs and the Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase (TIMP) -1 in NSCLC patients. Methods Markers were evaluated in an initial study cohort (19 NSCLC cases and 19 healthy controls). Those that better performed were analyzed in a larger sample including patients with benign lung diseases. Serum MMPs and TIMP-1 were determined by multiplexed immunoassays. Logistic regression was employed for multivariate analysis of biomarker combinations. Results MMPs and TIMP-1 were elevated in the serum of NSCLC patients compared to healthy controls. MMP-1, -7 and -9 performed at best and were further evaluated in the sample including benign pathologies, corroborating the superiority of MMP-9 in NSCLC discrimination, also at early-stage NSCLC. The optimal diagnostic value was obtained with the model including MMP-9, gender, age and smoking history, that demonstrated an AUC of 0.787, 85.54% sensitivity and 64.89% specificity. Conclusion Our results suggest that MMP-9 is a potential biomarker for NSCLC diagnosis and its combined measurement with other biomarkers could improve NSCLC detection