Effectiveness of group cognitive: behavioral therapy on reducing depression

The present research was done with the aim of determining the effectiveness of group Cognitive - Behavioral therapy on reducing depression and its subscales (emotional symptoms, cognitive symptoms and physical symptoms) among the wives of the martyrs in the city of Tehran. First, 200 wives of the martyrs were randomly selected from among the wives of the martyrs who had referred to the counseling center of the Foundation of Martyrs and the questionnaire of depression was administered on them. The subjects whose level of depression was higher than the average level were determined and from among them 60 people were randomly chosen and later they were divided into two equal groups and from these two groups, by drawing one group was selected as the experimental and the other was selected as the control group. In the pretest stage, the questionnaire was administered on the subjects and the experimental group was placed under training, i.e. group cognitive-behavioral therapy, while the control group received no such therapy. In the posttest stage, the questionnaire of depression was carried out on both groups and one month later, the follow up stage was administered. Findings revealed that training group cognitive-behavioral therapy was effective on decreasing depression on the wives of the martyrs in Tehran. Findings also indicated depression among the experimental group and in the follow up stage they enjoyed necessary constancy. It is concluded that the group cognitive-behavioral therapy has considerably diminished depression among the wives

Psychological flexibility mediate the effect of early maladaptive schemas on Psychopathology

Introduction: The present research aims to study the mediation role of psychological inflexibility on the relationship between the schemas domains) and anxiety symptoms. Methods: In order to achieve the study objectives, a sample of 230 students has been selected, applying availability sampling. The applying tools included the short-form of Young questionnaire (YSQ-SF), the acceptance and action questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Results: Correlation analysis has shown that there is a relationship between the early maladaptive schemas and anxiety symptoms. Furthermore, the path analysis shows a mediation role of psychological inflexibility between disconnection/rejection (2.37, p<0.01) impaired autonomy and performance (3.19, p<0.01), overvigilance/inhibition (2.90, p<0.01) and the anxiety symptoms. Conclusion: The most obvious finding to emerge from this study was that considering some techniques for decreasing psychological inflexibility enhances the outcome of schema therapy. This research managed to answer how the early maladaptive schemas have their effects on the anxiety symptoms in a students' sample. Further work needs to be done to study the relationship between the early maladaptive schemas and psychological inflexibility in the clinical samples. Declaration of Interest: None

Personality Subtypes and Attachment Styles in Women Survivors of Breast and Gynecologic Cancer

Introduction: Gynecologic and breast cancers are among the types of cancer that are still highly prevalent with high rates of mortality due to lack of early diagnosis. However, these two types of cancer can be controlled by screening programs and the individual can be survived. Also, both cancers have gained the attention of mental health specialists because of impairing sexual function and issues related to body image, and fertility status among affected individuals in which, have direct effects on their adjustment and quality of life. Consequently, the aim of the current research is identify of personality subtypes and attachment styles in women who have survived from breast and gynecologic cancers.Methods: The current study is a qualitative. The participants were selected through purposive sampling method, which continued until data saturation from January to March 2018. For the data collection, the Shedler-Western Assessment Procedure (SWAP) and the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI), and for the data analysis Q-Sort scaling and comparative content analysis were used.Results: The study’s findings showed that high-functioning depressive traits and dissociation were high. However, 9 of the participants had psychological health. Also, secure attachment and preoccupied attachment patterns were the most frequent ones.Conclusion: These findings can provide clinical implications for mental variables that are involved in the remission process or the advancement of the disease in women with breast and gynecologic cancer.Declaration of Interest: Non

The Structural Model of Social Well-being in workplace based on Bright-side Personality, Dark Triad and Collectivism Culture,Considering the Mediating Role of Social Influence

Introduction: Social well-being is one of three employee well-being dimensions and the missed piece of subjective well-being literature. The purpose of current research was modeling the social well-being in workplace, based on person-situation model and social exchange theory. This mediated-moderated structural model is developed considering the interactive role of bright and dark triad and collectivism organizational culture, besides mediation role of social influence tactics.Method: Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used for analyzing this second-order hierarchical latent variable model. Participants were 292 employees of Iran National oil Company in the summer of 1398.Results: Fitness indices indicates the good fitness of social-wellbeing model (SRMR<0.08, NFI>0.9). Results showed that bright side of personality and collectivism organizational culture affect social well-being directly. In addition, findings showed that dark triad influences on social well-being is fully mediated by social influence tactics; so that Machiavellianism and narcissism increase the social well-being levels by influencing soft influence tactics utilization; Whereas psychopathy leads to applying hard influence tactics and cause social well-being reduction. Moderating effect of collectivism organizational culture on bright side of personality and social well-being was confirmed as well.Conclusion: Overall findings indicate that personality factors are important determinants of social well-being, but understanding the social well-being construct in workplace requires including the whole image of bright and dark side of personality, as well as organization cultural factors

Existential Loneliness among Women with Obsessive-Compulsive Tendencies

Introduction: The present research was conducted to study how existential loneliness parameter presents in obsessive-compulsive condition. To this aim, attitudes and reactions of women with obsessive-compulsive tendencies were investigated in terms of the existential loneliness to obtain a better comprehension of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Method: The research was conducted among Kermani women, Iran, choosing grounded theory qualitative method. Participants were chosen based on Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS). Sampling was started with snowball purposeful method and followed by theoretical sampling. Theoretical saturation took place with 13 persons. Existential loneliness was probed by means of the semi-structured interviews. The interviewees’ statements were coded and analyzed according to the grounded theory and by means of Strauss and Corbin method. Results: Acceptance/non-acceptance was the central category and dependence versus independence, defensive and non-accepting coping, and adoptive and accepting coping were the resulted axial categories of this research, each had their subsets. Generally, the tendency toward dependence was more than independence. Participants used defensive and non-accepting mechanisms in confronting to the existential loneliness more than adoptive and accepting coping. Non-acceptance was the main reaction of women with obsessive-compulsive tendencies regarding the existential loneliness. Conclusion: It seems that non-acceptance of existential loneliness can justify excessive anxieties, dysfunctional copings, and relational problems of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Keywords: Existential psychology, Loneliness, Obsessive-compulsive disorder, Women, Grounded theor

Investigating the Facilitating Factors of Drug Use Based on Personality and Ethnic Characteristics of Guilan Province

Abstract Background: Identifying ethnic and personality facilitation factors in drug use help to better diagnose and treat addiction identifying facilitation factors. It provides timely counseling, and psychological services can be partially preventable for addicts. This study aimed to investigate factors facilitating drug use based on ethnic and personality characteristics of Guilan province using the Cloninger personality system. Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of four subcultures of Guilak, Talesh (Turk), Kord and others called Fars. The sampling method in this study was a mixed-method; the sample size was at least 200 people. The present study used data in the field section of Cloninger's personality and character questionnaire to determine personality components and their relationship. They were used with current norms. This study used in-depth interviews, observation and review of documents (questionnaires) and conventional oral literature on drug use. Results: This study showed that between ethnic facilitation factors (drug and drug counseling, folk beliefs in oral literature, and beliefs about rituals and companionship) and personality traits (nature and character), except the avoidance factor at the significant level of 0.01, there was a significant and positive relationship. Variables of personality traits/"nature and character" and components of perseverance, novelty, reward-dependence, self-direction, cooperation can predict common beliefs in the propensity to medication and therapy. The personality facilitator variable of "nature and character" and all its components, except for themselves, was able to predict the popular beliefs existing in oral literature. The personality facilitator variable of "nature and character" and the components of novelty, reward-dependence, and cooperation could predict common beliefs about rituals and companionship. Conclusion: Research showed a significant relationship between ethnicity and propensity for drug and drug counseling, popular beliefs in oral literature, and celebration and celebration beliefs

Formation of the Causal Pattern of the Return of Addiction Based on the Components of Perceived Child-rearing Practices, Coping styles and Hidden Propensities in the Recovered Without Return and Reborn

Background: Drug dependence is one of the most important public health problems in societies. The purpose of the research was to develop a model for the return of addiction based on the components of perceived parenting practices, coping styles and hidden propensities in recovered without return and recovered returns.Materials and Methods: The statistical population of this study consisted of all recovered clinics and drug addiction treatment centers in Gilan province (North of Iran) in the 2016-17. After passing the treatment period from the discharge center and obtaining a treatment period certificate, the health card they received at least one year of recovery when they performed this research. The sample group, which consisted of 300 patients aged 18 to 35 years with substance abuse history, were selected through available sampling method in two groups. In this research, in addition to obtaining personal information and obtaining a return status report, 5 tools were used as follows: perceived parenting skills questionnaire, coping skills scale, Adlerian basic scale for interpersonal success of adult version, opinion questionnaire Tempting, and perceived stress questionnaires. Data analyzed with LISREL software.Results: The path and probabilistic relationships between the phenomena were studied. Based on matrix analysis, variance, covariance and correlation matrix, we investigated the possible relationships between the phenomena studied paid. The path analysis was used to determine the model. There was a positive and significant relationship between perceived parenting style, lifestyle, coping styles, tempting beliefs and general stress with returning to addiction.Conclusion: To return of addiction we proposed use of perceived parenting style, lifestyle, coping styles, tempting beliefs and general stress

The mediating role of meta-cognitive beliefs between alexithymia and chronic pain intensity

 Aims and background: chronic pain isn’t always psychosomatic. Chronic pain, is a disorder that has a lot of psychological components and onethat a lot of people have at some point in  their life. The aim of this study was to determine the role meta-cognitive beliefs play in mediating between alexithymia and the intensity of pain that is perceived percipience by the patients with chronic pain. Materials and Methods: This study evaluated patients aged 20-60 with chronic pain who had been referred to the Mahan clinic and the physical medicine and rehabilitation clinic of Arman in Tehran from the spring of 1396 to autumn of 1396. During this time frame 440 patients who had at least 3 months of musculoskeletal pain, were chosen.  Theyanswered the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) the Meta-cognition Questionnaire (MCQ-30), and the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Findings: The intensity of pain was coorelated positively with with alexithymia (p< 0.001) and meta-cognitive beliefs (p< 0.001). Alexithymia had a positive coorelationwith meta-cognitive beliefs (p< 0.001). Alexithymia (t=6.68, β= 0.29), and meta-cognitive beliefs (t= 2.42, β= 0.11) could clarify the variance of the pain intensity. Alexithymia could also clarify the meta-cognitive beliefs (t= 9.48, β= 0.40). Conclusion: Based on the findings, the relation between alexithymia and the intensity of pain, was not a simple linear relationship, but meta-cognitive beliefs, could affect this relationship

Self-harm in adolescents with delinquency and history of mood disorder: A qualitative research

Introduction: The aim of this study was to explore the characteristics and factors related to self-harm in adolescents with delinquency and history of mood disorders. Method: In a qualitative study (phenomenologic design), using semi-structured interview, the description of self-harm by 16 adolescents with history of self-harm in outpatient and custody setting were recorded. Participants were selected using purpose-oriented sampling. Texts were analyzed by Colaizzi's method. Results: Semantic part of interviews was classified in 144 conceptual codes. This theme was explored to definition of self-harm, escape and soothing, expressing love or power, self-harm by rejection, self-harm for threatening and attention seeking, disability in tolerating negative emotions, family factors, modeling, and alcohol drinking. Then, the classified in three clusters as meaning of self-harm, types of self-harm, and causes of self-harm. Conclusion: Adolescents consider self-harm as a way of escaping from negative emotions or a way for getting unseen rights. Conflict with parents and loss of friends have a role as trigger in self-harm