Cognitive and serotonergic vulnerability to depression: Convergent findings.

De samenhang tussen somatische en psychische (dys)functie

Cyclodextrins and the emergence of sugammadex

Summary Residual paralysis, with its subsequent postoperative pulmonary sequelae, is one of the major complications of anaesthesia, and was recognised shortly after the introduction of neuromuscular blocking drugs into routine clinical practice. Although its incidence decreased with the introduction of intermediate duration drugs, and further diminished with routine neuromuscular monitoring and reversal with cholinesterase inhibitors, residual paralysis still remained a problem. In the search for alternatives to stop the effect of neuromuscular blocking drugs and to match their duration of action to clinical need, chelation of the non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking drugs was considered. It was recognised that cyclodextrins could encapsulate steroidal molecules and thereby inactivate the aminosteroidal neuromuscular blocking drugs. In order to improve the binding of rocuronium to the cyclodextrin and to increase the compound's water solubility

Zit er energie, dan kan alles : verhalen van de mens achter het netwerk

Dit rapport is een publicatie van Wageningen UR en het onderzoekprogramma Netwerken in de Veehouderij. Dit programma wordt gefinancierd door het Ministerie van LNV en heeft tussen 2004 en 2008 ruim 120 netwerken van veehouders en anderen ondersteund om te komen tot een duurzame veehouderij. In dit boekje zijn een tiental verhalen opgetekend van netwerkdeelnemers en begeleiders. Ze vertellen hun persoonlijke ervaringen en geven aan wat netwerken voor henzelf en hun bedrijf heeft beteken

Activation of sp3-CH Bonds in a Mono(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)yttrium Complex. X-ray Crystal Structures and Dynamic Behavior of Cp*Y(o-C6H4CH2NMe2)2 and Cp*Y[o-C6H4CH2NMe(CH2-μ)][μ-o-C6H4CH2NMe(CH2-μ)]YCp*[THF]

Reaction of Y(o-C6H4CH2NMe2)3 (1) with Cp*H gives Cp*Y(o-C6H4CH2NMe2)2 (2), which crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n (No. 14) with a = 18.607 (4) Å, b = 15.633 (3) Å, c = 8.861 (3) Å, β = 102.73 (3)°, and Z = 4. Least-squares refinement with 3006 independent reflections (F > 4.0σ(F)) led to a final RF (wR) of 0.053 (0.068). The molecular structure consists of monomeric Cp*Y(o-C6H4CH2NMe2)2 units with a regularly bonded Cp* ligand (Y-Ct = 2.367 (3) Å), equal Y-C(aryl) distances (2.479 (6) and 2.471 (6) Å), and both nitrogen atoms coordinated to yttrium (Y-N distances = 2.568 (5) and 2.506 (6) Å). Short intramolecular Y···H distances (Y···H(181) = 3.00 (6) Å, Y···H(183) = 3.13 (9) Å) indicate agostic interactions. The long N(2)-C(18) bond (1.55 (1) Å) and the short Y···C(18) distance (3.202 (8) Å) indicate an Y···C-N agostic interaction. Thermolysis of 2 in THF gives Cp*Y[o-C6H4CH2NMe(CH2-μ)][μ-o-C6H4CH2NMe(CH2-μ)]YCp*[THF] (3) and N,N-dimethylbenzylamine. Compound 3 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c (No. 14) with a = 17.004 (1) Å, b = 13.962 (1) Å, c = 20.129 (3) Å, β = 92.94 (1)°, and Z = 4. Least-squares refinement with 4578 independent reflections (F > 5.0σ(F)) led to a final RF (wR) of 0.065 (0.070). The molecule consists of two Cp*Y fragments (Y(1)-Ct(1) = 2.420 (6) Å, Y(2)-Ct(2) = 2.414 (5) Å), bridged by two methylene carbon atoms (Y(1)-C(9) = 2.591 (10) Å, Y(2)-C(9) = 2.527 (9) Å, Y(1)-C(18) = 2.622 (10) Å, Y(2)-C(18) = 2.532 (10) Å) and one aryl carbon atom (Y(1)-C(1) = 2.702 (8) Å, Y(2)-C(1) = 2.547 (9) Å). The remaining aryl group is not bridging (Y(1)-C(10) = 2.441 (8) Å). Asymmetry in 3 is caused by THF coordination (Y(2)-O = 2.446 (5) Å). Thermolysis of 2 can be explained by dissociation of an Y-N dative bond followed by activation of an agostic C-H bond

Passive sampling and benchmarking to rank HOC levels in the aquatic environment

The identification and prioritisation of water bodies presenting elevated levels of anthropogenic chemicals is a key aspect of environmental monitoring programmes. Albeit this is challenging owing to geographical scales, choice of indicator aquatic species used for chemical monitoring, and inherent need for an understanding of contaminant fate and distribution in the environment. Here, we propose an innovative methodology for identifying and ranking water bodies according to their levels of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in water. This is based on a unique passive sampling dataset acquired over a 10-year period with silicone rubber exposures in surface water bodies across Europe. We show with these data that, far from point sources of contamination, levels of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and pentachlorobenzene (PeCB) in water approach equilibrium with atmospheric concentrations near the air/water surface. This results in a relatively constant ratio of their concentrations in the water phase. This, in turn, allows us to (i) identify sites of contamination with either of the two chemicals when the HCB/PeCB ratio deviates from theory and (ii) define benchmark levels of other HOCs in surface water against those of HCB and/or PeCB. For two polychlorinated biphenyls (congener 28 and 52) used as model chemicals, differences in contamination levels between the more contaminated and pristine sites are wider than differences in HCB and PeCB concentrations endorsing the benchmarking procedure

Assessment of Iodine Contrast-To-Noise Ratio in Virtual Monoenergetic Images Reconstructed from Dual-Source Energy-Integrating CT and Photon-Counting CT Data

To evaluate whether the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of an iodinated contrast agent in virtual monoenergetic images (VMI) from the first clinical photon-counting detector (PCD) CT scanner is superior to VMI CNR from a dual-source dual-energy CT scanner with energy-integrating detectors (EID), two anthropomorphic phantoms in three different sizes (thorax and abdomen, QRM GmbH), in combination with a custom-built insert containing cavities filled with water, and water with 15 mg iodine/mL, were scanned on an EID-based scanner (Siemens SOMATOM Force) and on a PCD-based scanner (Siemens, NAEOTOM Alpha). VMI (range 40–100 keV) were reconstructed without an iterative reconstruction (IR) technique and with an IR strength of 60% for the EID technique (ADMIRE) and closest matching IR strengths of 50% and 75% for the PCD technique (QIR). CNR was defined as the difference in mean CT numbers of water, and water with iodine, divided by the root mean square value of the measured noise in water, and water with iodine. A two-sample t-test was performed to evaluate differences in CNR between images. A p-value &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. For VMI without IR and below 60 keV, the CNR of the PCD-based images at 120 and 90 kVp was up to 55% and 75% higher than the CNR of the EID-based images, respectively (p &lt; 0.05). For VMI above 60 keV, CNRs of PCD-based images at both 120 and 90 kVp were up to 20% lower than the CNRs of EID-based images. Similar or improved performance of PCD-based images in comparison with EID-based images were observed for VMIs reconstructed with IR techniques. In conclusion, with PCD-CT, iodine CNR on low energy VMI (&lt;60 keV) is better than with EID-CT.</p