Development of new microalgae-based sourdough "crostini": functional aspects of Arthrospira platensis (spirulina) addition

The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of Arthrospira platensis F&M-C256 (spirulina) incorporation on the nutritional and functional properties of “crostini”, a leavened bakery product largely consumed in Italy and Europe. Sourdough was used as leavening and fermentation agent and three concentrations of A. platensis F&M-C256 were tested: 2%, 6% and 10% (w/w). Despite a lower volume increase compared to the control, the A. platensis F&M-C256 “crostini” doughs reached a technological appropriate volume after fermentation. At the end of fermentation, no significant differences in microorganisms concentrations were observed. A. platensis F&M-C256 “crostini” showed higher protein content compared to the control. Considering the European Commission Regulation on nutritional claims, “crostini” incorporated with 6% and 10% biomass can be claimed to be a “source of protein”. Six and ten percent A. platensis “crostini” also presented significantly higher antioxidant capacity and phenolics. A significantly lower value of in vitro dry matter and protein digestibility between A. platensis F&M-C256 “crostini” and the control was found. The overall acceptability decreased with increasing A. platensis F&M-C256 addition. The combination of spirulina biomass addition and the sourdough technology led to the development of a novel microalgae-based bakery product with nutritional and functional featuresinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Bovine versus Human Dentine

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated with metabolism of collagen in physiological and pathological processes in human dentine. As bovine teeth have been used as a substitute for human teeth in laboratory analysis, this study evaluated the activity of MMP-2 and -9 in bovine versus human dentine. Bovine and human dentine fragments, from crowns and roots, were powderized. Protein extraction was performed by two protocols: a neutral extraction with guanidine-HCl/EDTA (pH 7.4) and an acidic extraction with citric acid (pH 2.3). Gelatinolytic activities of extracts were revealed by zymography. MMP-2 and -9 were detected in crown and root dentine from bovine and human teeth. Total activities of MMP-2 were 11.4 +/- 2.2, 14.6 +/- 2.0, 9.7 +/- 1.2 and 12.4 +/- 0.9 ng/ml for bovine root, human root, bovine crown and human crown dentine, respectively. Corresponding activities for MMP-9 were 14.9 +/- 2.0, 15.3 +/- 1.3, 15.4 +/- 1.3 and 15.5 +/- 1.3 ng/ml, respectively. Bovine dentine was found to be a reliable substrate for studies involving the activity of MMP-2 and -9. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel455429434Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Bovine versus Human Dentine

Metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated with metabolism of collagen in physiological and pathological processes in human dentine. As bovine teeth have been used as a substitute for human teeth in laboratory analysis, this study evaluated the activity of MMP-2 and -9 in bovine versus human dentine. Bovine and human dentine fragments, from crowns and roots, were powderized. Protein extraction was performed by two protocols: a neutral extraction with guanidine-HCl/EDTA (pH 7.4) and an acidic extraction with citric acid (pH 2.3). Gelatinolytic activities of extracts were revealed by zymography. MMP-2 and -9 were detected in crown and root dentine from bovine and human teeth. Total activities of MMP-2 were 11.4 +/- 2.2, 14.6 +/- 2.0, 9.7 +/- 1.2 and 12.4 +/- 0.9 ng/ml for bovine root, human root, bovine crown and human crown dentine, respectively. Corresponding activities for MMP-9 were 14.9 +/- 2.0, 15.3 +/- 1.3, 15.4 +/- 1.3 and 15.5 +/- 1.3 ng/ml, respectively. Bovine dentine was found to be a reliable substrate for studies involving the activity of MMP-2 and -9. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, BaselFAPESP[07/08389-3]FAPESP[07/04209-0]FAPESP[08/09857-3]FAPESP[07/54618-4]CNPq[300615/2007-8