Digestibility Study and Nutrient Re-evaluation in Clarias gariepinus Fed Blood Meal-Rumen Digesta Blend Diet

The nutrient utilization and digestibility of blood meal-bovine rumen digesta blend diet (BMBRD) fed to Clarias gariepinus burchell (1822) was assessed using 60 C. gariepinus juveniles with a view to confirming the digestibility and suitability of the BMBRD blend inclusion level in the diet of C. gariepinus for sustainable clariid production. Two set of three iso-nitrogenous experimental diets containing 35% crude protein were formulated with 0%, 25% and 50% BMBRD inclusion level to substitute the fishmeal component which was the primary protein source. The first set of experimental diet was designed to monitor the growth performance and feed utilization was fed fortnightly in duplicate to C. gariepinus juveniles, stocked in glass aquaria (60 cm x 30 cm x 30 cm) at 4% of the body weight in two instalments daily for 10 weeks, while the second experimental diet with 0.5% chromic oxide (Cr2O3) inclusion (as a digestibility marker) was prepared and fed to the fish for 7 days to determine to digestibility of the different BMBRD included diets. The obtained results showed that the fish fed 25% BMBRD included diet had significantly higher (p < 0.05) growth performance and feed utilization indices than the other experimental diets. Similar to observation in the growth performance and feed utilization indices, the fish fed BMBRD included diets had significantly higher (p < 0.05) protein and energy digestibilities than the fish fed 0% BMBRD (control diet) and the study confirmed that fishmeal can be partially replaced up to 25% BMBRD blend in C. gariepinus diet for optimum growth performance and feed utilization

Tetanus and Diphtheria Seroprotection among Children Younger Than 15 Years in Nigeria, 2018: Who Are the Unprotected Children?

Serological surveys provide an objective biological measure of population immunity, and tetanus serological surveys can also assess vaccination coverage. We undertook a national assessment of immunity to tetanus and diphtheria among Nigerian children aged <15 years using stored specimens collected during the 2018 Nigeria HIV/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey, a national cross-sectional household-based survey. We used a validated multiplex bead assay to test for tetanus and diphtheria toxoid-antibodies. In total, 31,456 specimens were tested. Overall, 70.9% and 84.3% of children aged <15 years had at least minimal seroprotection (≥0.01 IU/mL) against tetanus and diphtheria, respectively. Seroprotection was lowest in the north west and north east zones. Factors associated with increased tetanus seroprotection included living in the southern geopolitical zones, urban residence, and higher wealth quintiles (p < 0.001). Full seroprotection (≥0.1 IU/mL) was the same for tetanus (42.2%) and diphtheria (41.7%), while long-term seroprotection (≥1 IU/mL) was 15.1% for tetanus and 6.0% for diphtheria. Full- and long-term seroprotection were higher in boys compared to girls (p < 0.001). Achieving high infant vaccination coverage by targeting specific geographic areas and socio-economic groups and introducing tetanus and diphtheria booster doses in childhood and adolescence are needed to achieve lifelong protection against tetanus and diphtheria and prevent maternal and neonatal tetanus

Morphometry and diet of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (Lacépède) in Epe Lagoon, Nigeria

The morphometry and diet of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus in Epe lagoon were investigated between January and July 2008. The major fishing methods employed for collecting the 600 specimens were cast netting and set netting. The total lengths ranged from 11.00 to 30.20 cm (mean size 19.67 ± 4.56 cm) while the standard lengths ranged from 8.30 to 24.50 cm (mean size 15.09 ± 3.39 cm).The length-weight relationship was described by the equation: Log W = 1.5389 + 2.8168 Log L. The value of the coefficient of regression ‘b’ for this species was nearly 3 thus, indicating isometric growth. The mean condition factors ranged from 1.68 to 1.76. The food organisms consisted of phytoplankton, crustaceans, molluscs, plant materials and fish parts. The population of males was significantly (p &lt; 0.05) higher than females in the lagoon.Keywords: Growth pattern, food, feeding habit, sex ratio, Epe lagoon, Nigeri

Digestibility Study and Nutrient Re-evaluation in Clarias gariepinus Fed Blood Meal-Rumen Digesta Blend Diet

The nutrient utilization and digestibility of blood meal-bovine rumen digesta blend diet (BMBRD) fed to Clarias gariepinus burchell (1822) was assessed using 60 C. gariepinus juveniles with a view to confirming the digestibility and suitability of the BMBRD blend inclusion level in the diet of C. gariepinus for sustainable clariid production. Two set of three iso-nitrogenous experimental diets containing 35% crude protein were formulated with 0%, 25% and 50% BMBRD inclusion level to substitute the fishmeal component which was the primary protein source. The first set of experimental diet was designed to monitor the growth performance and feed utilization was fed fortnightly in duplicate to C. gariepinus juveniles, stocked in glass aquaria (60 cm x 30 cm x 30 cm) at 4% of the body weight in two instalments daily for 10 weeks, while the second experimental diet with 0.5% chromic oxide (Cr2O3) inclusion (as a digestibility marker) was prepared and fed to the fish for 7 days to determine to digestibility of the different BMBRD included diets. The obtained results showed that the fish fed 25% BMBRD included diet had significantly higher (p &lt; 0.05) growth performance and feed utilization indices than the other experimental diets. Similar to observation in the growth performance and feed utilization indices, the fish fed BMBRD included diets had significantly higher (p &lt; 0.05) protein and energy digestibilities than the fish fed 0% BMBRD (control diet) and the study confirmed that fishmeal can be partially replaced up to 25% BMBRD blend in C. gariepinus diet for optimum growth performance and feed utilization

Legislative Documents

Also, variously referred to as: House bills; House documents; House legislative documents; legislative documents; General Court documents

Time-line of surveillance and response activities to the outbreak of <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> serogroup C in Nigeria, 2016/2017.

<p>^<b>+</b>Vaccine request to ICG preceded the National EOC activation, *Expected to be done when epidemic threshold is reached, **Expected time interval.</p

Reported cases of meningococcal meningitis in Sokoto between epidemiological weeks 1 and 25, 2017.

<p>Reported cases of meningococcal meningitis in Sokoto between epidemiological weeks 1 and 25, 2017.</p

Reported cases of meningococcal meningitis in Zamfara between epidemiological weeks 49, 2016 and 25, 2017.

<p>Reported cases of meningococcal meningitis in Zamfara between epidemiological weeks 49, 2016 and 25, 2017.</p

Geographic progression of cerebrospinal meningitis (CSM) outbreak in Yobe.

<p>Geographic progression of cerebrospinal meningitis (CSM) outbreak in Yobe.</p