The Importance of Creative Industry Agglomerations in Explaining the Wealth of European Regions

This paper examines the existence of regional agglomerations of manufacturing, service and creative industries, the relationship between these industries and the wealth of regions and their industrial structure. Through an analysis of 250 European regions, three important conclusions can be inferred from the results obtained in this paper. The first is that creative industries play an important role in the wealth of a region. The second is that the most creative regions are characterized by having more high-tech manufacturing industries than the rest of the regions although the number of low-tech manufacturing firms is similar. Lastly, the industrial structure of each region has a greater influence on regional wealth than the existence of industrial agglomerations. The importance of this paper resides in the fact that up until now no analysis has demonstrated that creative industries are the most important industries in regional wealth.

Creative clusters in Europe: a microdata approach

Creative industries are highly concentrated forming clusters. One of the main problems for the identification of clusters of creative industries in Europe is the lack of data, constrained in practice to regions (NUTS 2) and influenced by the heterogeneity in the definition of NUTS across countries. This research uses firm-level data geo-referenced at address level and geostatistical modeling to identify clusters of creative industries in fifteen European countries. The procedure is independent of administrative divisions and national boundaries and allows to produce a precise geography of the clusters of creative industries in Europe.

Guest editorial: industrial districts: towards the future

The notion of Industrial District (ID) was introduced by Alfred Marshall in the Principles of Economics (1890) and reintroduced a hundred years later by Giacomo Becattini (1979) in the main body of scientific literature. Since the 1990s, the notion of the Marshallian Industrial District (MID) has diffused rapidly in the scientific economic literature in English (Figure 1). What is extraordinary, however, is the variety and dynamism of the topics that the literature of the ID has produced over the past 40 years. When Giacomo Becattini published the seminal article “Dal settore industriale al distretto industriale. Alcune considerazioni sull’unità d’indagine dell’economia industriale” (the English version can be found in Becattini, 2004), in 1979, articles referring to ID were very scarce and came mainly from English economic historians analyzing IDs. From that moment on, the ID acquired its own entity, and a wide variety of topics on IDs began to be discussed; in the 1980s, typically those such as understanding sectors vs districts, local organization of production, the role of small firms, entrepreneurship, labor markets, technical change, among many mor

Understanding innovation in creative industries: knowledge bases and innovation performance in art restoration organisations

[EN] This paper studies innovation in the creative industry of art restoration, which is characterised by an intensive use of symbolic knowledge. Using the resource-based view of the firm as a theoretical framework, this study adapts Community Innovation Survey (CIS) methodology to this industry, creating and exploiting a unique dataset from the restoration departments of museums in 43 countries on 5 continents. The results suggest that the type and composition of the knowledge bases in play influence a department¿s absorptive capacity to access external information sources and thereby impact innovative outcomes. The article contributes to innovation literature by capturing innovation processes in a symbolic-based industry.This work was supported by the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Spain (Research Project n. 2677-UPV).De-Miguel-Molina, B.; Hervás Oliver, JL.; Boix Domenech, R. (2019). Understanding innovation in creative industries: knowledge bases and innovation performance in art restoration organisations. Innovation. 21(3):421-442. https://doi.org/10.1080/14479338.2018.1562300S42144221

A place-based policy for promoting Industry 4.0: the case of the Castellon ceramic tile district

This is an Author's Accepted Manuscript of an article published in Jose-Luis Hervas-Oliver, Sofia Estelles-Miguel, Gustavo Mallol-Gasch & Juan Boix-Palomero (2019) A place-based policy for promoting Industry 4.0: the case of the Castellon ceramic tile district, European Planning Studies, 27:9, 1838-1856, DOI: 10.1080/09654313.2019.1642855 [copyright Taylor & Francis], available online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/09654313.2019.1642855[EN] Digitization and its impact on regions and clusters remains overlooked in the literature, and constitute this present paper's goal. How does an industrial district transit collectively to the adoption of new radical changes brought about by Industry 4.0? This study explores the role of collective actors and innovation platforms during the early stages of a pilot policy to stimulate a collective transition of an entire MID (Marshallian Industrial District) into Industry 4.0. We posit that institutional isomorphism and the existent social capital in MIDs is a double-sword phenomenon that can also positively constitute an enabler for fostering change on a collective-basis. Technology transitions, such as Industry 4.0, can be supported and led by collective actors that are central in facilitating the adoption of Industry 4.0 in MIDs, enticing innovative firms to engage in that transition, establishing, legitimizing, and embedding a new set of processes, practices and inter-firm arrangements for digitizing and then promoting imitation: the positive leverage of isomorphism. Thus, MID transition is facilitated through capitalizing on the MID logic of cooperation-competition and isomorphism, by developing and promoting a collective understanding of the new paradigm, building a supportive infrastructure, educating in the new technology and avoiding cognitive inertia.This work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades [grant number RTI2018-095739-B-100].Hervás Oliver, JL.; Estelles Miguel, S.; Mallol-Gasch, G.; Boix-Palomero, J. (2019). A place-based policy for promoting Industry 4.0: the case of the Castellon ceramic tile district. European Planning Studies. 27(9):1838-1856. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2019.1642855S18381856279Aldrich, H. E., & Fiol, C. M. (1994). Fools Rush in? The Institutional Context of Industry Creation. Academy of Management Review, 19(4), 645-670. doi:10.5465/amr.1994.9412190214Alvedalen, J., & Boschma, R. (2017). A critical review of entrepreneurial ecosystems research: towards a future research agenda. 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(2018). The brokerage role of supporting organizations inside clusters: how does it work? European Planning Studies, 26(4), 706-725. doi:10.1080/09654313.2017.1422482Belussi, F., & Sedita, S. R. (2009). Life Cycle vs. Multiple Path Dependency in Industrial Districts. European Planning Studies, 17(4), 505-528. doi:10.1080/09654310802682065Deephouse, D. L. (1996). Does Isomorphism Legitimate? Academy of Management Journal, 39(4), 1024-1039. doi:10.5465/256722DiMaggio, P. J., & Powell, W. W. (1983). The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields. American Sociological Review, 48(2), 147. doi:10.2307/2095101Eisingerich, A. B., Bell, S. J., & Tracey, P. (2010). How can clusters sustain performance? The role of network strength, network openness, and environmental uncertainty. Research Policy, 39(2), 239-253. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2009.12.007Feldman, M., & Lowe, N. (2018). Policy and collective action in place. 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The Importance of Creative Industry Agglomerations in Explaining the Wealth of European Regions

This paper examines the existence of regional agglomerations of manufacturing, service and creative industries, the relationship between these industries and the wealth of regions and their industrial structure. Through an analysis of 250 European regions, three important conclusions can be inferred from the results obtained in this paper. The first is that creative industries play an important role in the wealth of a region. The second is that the most creative regions are characterized by having more high-tech manufacturing industries than the rest of the regions although the number of low-tech manufacturing firms is similar. Lastly, the industrial structure of each region has a greater influence on regional wealth than the existence of industrial agglomerations. The importance of this paper resides in the fact that up until now no analysis has demonstrated that creative industries are the most important industries in regional wealth

Creative clusters in Europe: a microdata approach

Creative industries are highly concentrated forming clusters. One of the main problems for the identification of clusters of creative industries in Europe is the lack of data, constrained in practice to regions (NUTS 2) and influenced by the heterogeneity in the definition of NUTS across countries. This research uses firm-level data geo-referenced at address level and geostatistical modeling to identify clusters of creative industries in fifteen European countries. The procedure is independent of administrative divisions and national boundaries and allows to produce a precise geography of the clusters of creative industries in Europe

Backfilling cohorts in phase I dose-escalation studies

Background: The use of ‘backfilling’, assigning additional patients to doses deemed safe, in phase I dose-escalation studies has been used in practice to collect additional information on the safety profile, pharmacokinetics and activity of a drug. These additional patients help ensure that the maximum tolerated dose is reliably estimated and give additional information to determine the recommended phase II dose. Methods: In this article, we study the effect of employing backfilling in a phase I trial on the estimation of the maximum tolerated dose and the duration of the study. We consider the situation where only one cycle of follow-up is used for escalation as well as the case where there may be delayed onset toxicities. Results: We find that, over a range of scenarios, the use of backfilling gives an increase in the percentage of correct selections by up to 9%. On average, for a treatment with a cycle length of 6 weeks, each additional backfilling patient reduces the trial duration by half a week. Conclusions: Backfilling in phase I dose-escalation studies can substantially increase the accuracy of estimation of the maximum tolerated dose, with a larger impact in the setting with a dose-limiting toxicity event assessment period of only one cycle. This increased accuracy and reduction in the trial duration are at the cost of increased sample size

Joint TITE-CRM : A Design for Dose Finding Studies for Therapies with Late-Onset Safety and Activity Outcomes

In Phase I/II dose-finding trials, the objective is to find the Optimal Biological Dose (OBD), a dose that is both safe and shows sufficient activity that maximizes some optimality criterion based on safety and activity. In cancer, treatment is typically given over several cycles, complicating the identification of the OBD as both toxicity and activity outcomes may occur at any point throughout the follow up of multiple cycles. In this work we present and assess the Joint TITE-CRM, a model-based design for late onset toxicities and activity based on the well-known TITE-CRM. It is found to be superior to the currently available alternative designs that account for late onset bivariate outcomes, as well as being both intuitive and computationally feasible

Phase 1 dose escalation study of the allosteric AKT inhibitor BAY 1125976 in advanced solid cancer-Lack of association between activating AKT mutation and AKT inhibition-derived efficacy

This open-label, phase I first-in-human study (NCT01915576) of BAY 1125976, a highly specific and potent allosteric inhibitor of AKT1/2, aimed to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and maximum tolerated dose of BAY 1125976 in patients with advanced solid tumors. Oral dose escalation was investigated with a continuous once daily (QD) treatment (21 days/cycle) and a twice daily (BID) schedule. A dose expansion in 28 patients with hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer, including nine patients harboring th