The relational dynamics of anger and shame: scripts for emotional interactions in Germany and Japan

status: publishe

Different Bumps in the Road: The Emotional Dynamics of Couple Disagreements in Belgium and Japan

In the present study, we propose that the emotional "bumps" that couples experience during relationship disagreements differ systematically among cultures. We predicted that self-assertive emotions such as anger or strength play a central role in Belgium, where they are instrumental for relational independence. In comparison, other-focused emotions such as shame or empathy for the partner should play a central role in Japan, where they support relational interdependence. Romantic couples from Belgium (n = 58) and Japan (n = 80) discussed relationship disagreements in the lab, which were video-recorded. After the interaction, participants separately rated their emotional experience during video-mediated recall. We identified the emotions that played a central role during the interactions in terms of attractors; these are the emotions around which couples stabilize and that likely play a central role in realizing different relationship ideals. In line with our predictions, attractors reflected states of the interpersonal emotional system that support independence in Belgium (e.g., angry or strong feelings) and interdependence (e.g., empathy) in Japan. Moreover, we found that-at least in Belgium-having more culturally typical interactions was associated with a stronger endorsement of culturally valued relationship ideals and, in turn, better relational functioning

When white people experience the weight of the past:The role of white identity strategies in linking colonialism to current racial inequalities

How do White Europeans address racial inequalities in times of burgeoningdiscussions about colonialism? The current research explores the strategies that White people in the Netherlands use to manage their racial-ethnic identity in relation to linking colonialism and current racial inequalities. With this, we examined how White identity strategies were related to ideologies legitimizing racial inequalities. Using mixed-methods consisting of qualitative interviews (N = 24) and quantitative surveys (N = 564), we found that White people exhibited different combinations of prideful (“I am a proud person of our ethnic heritage”), dissociated (“My ethnic group does not have a significant impact on how I see the world”), and power-cognizant (“I am a White person with privileges because of my ethnic group”) identity strategies. Moreover, these White identity strategies were associated withlinking colonialism and racial inequalities and, thereby, with ideologies legitimizing them. Specifically, White people holding prideful and dissociated strategies were less likely to link colonialism and racial inequalities than White people who exclusively endorsed powercognizance. Furthermore, power-cognizant people challenged current-day racial inequalities the most. We conclude by discussing how White European people legitimize or question racial inequalities by managing their whiteness and the theoretical and practical implications of these findings

Humiliated fury is not universal: the co-occurrence of anger and shame in the United States and Japan

It has been widely believed that individuals transform high-intensity shame into anger because shame is unbearably painful. This phenomenon was first coined “humiliated fury,” and it has since received empirical support. The current research tests the novel hypothesis that shame-related anger is not universal, yet hinges on the cultural meanings of anger and shame. Two studies compared the occurrence of shamerelated anger in North American cultural contexts (where shame is devalued and anger is valued) to its occurrence in Japanese contexts (where shame is valued and anger is devalued). In a daily-diary study, participants rated anger and shame feelings during shame situations that occurred over one week. In a vignette study, participants rated anger and shame in response to standardised shame vignettes that were generated in previous research by either U.S. or Japanese respondents. Across the two studies, and in line with previous research on humiliated fury, shame predicted anger for U.S. participants. Yet, neither in the daily diary study nor for the Japanese-origin vignettes, did we find shame-related anger in Japanese participants. Only when presented with U.S.-origin vignettes, did Japanese respondents in the vignette study report shame-related anger. The findings suggest that shame-related anger is a culture-specific phenomenon

A Qualitative Comparison of ANSYS and OpenFOAM results for Carbon dioxide Plume Transport

This research presents Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations in ANSYS® illustrating emissions of to the air. The CFD simulations is employed to study plume transport in urban environment, i.e., Breivika port in the city of Tromsø. The case study presents a two-phase model considering specific wind strength and direction in the city of Tromsø. Geographical coordinates, temperature, and wind data were obtained from the open sources, such as Google Maps, and Norwegian Meteorological Institute. The results from the simulations indicates a potential outcome with respect to various weather conditions. It was revealed for vessels less than 30 meter chimney height, the higher the wind strength, the lower the plume dispersion, causing the plume to stay closer to the terrain. This brings in a concentrated amount of pollutants closer to the public areas. The terrain in the model is recognizable for the Tromsø port’s location. From the CFD results, it is illustrated that onshore wind with high wind strength could affect the environment. The results simulated in OpenFOAM are qualitatively showing the same as visible in ANSYS®

Multiphysics Modelling of Powder Coating of U-Profiles: Towards Simulation-based Optimization of Key-Performance Attributes by Variation of Powder-Parameters

Multiphysics simulation software has been developed to predict the key performance attributes of industrial powder coating applications based on applied process-parameter settings. The software is a Eulerian-Lagrangian finite-volume Multiphysics solver based on OpenFOAM, capable of modelling mass transfer effects between powder-coating pistols and electrically grounded metallic substrates. It considers various factors such as fluid dynamics of process airflow, coating-particle dynamics, particle-substrate interactions, and particle charging mechanisms within the corona. The software is fully compatible with Massive Simultaneous Cloud Computing technology, allowing hundreds of simulated coating scenarios to be computed simultaneously. Experimental validation efforts have been conducted, indicating a high degree of practical relevance of the technology. The current simulation study aims to demonstrate the potential of the simulation software for adjusting coating lines and optimizing powder coating of U-profiles. Specifically, the study focuses on optimizing the key-performance-attributes of the powder coating application with respect to varying material parameters of the applied powder, namely mean particle diameter, standard deviation of Gaussian particle size distribution, and powder particle density. The software predicts and visualizes coating patterns, coating efficiencies, and the batch-based standard deviation of coating thickness on a U-shaped metallic substrate, resulting in concrete and optimized powder settings. The presented results and the applied software are highly relevant for powder material suppliers

Stochastic microstructure modeling of SOC electrodes based on a pluri-Gaussian method

Zugehörige Dateien: https://zenodo.org/records/7744110 https://doi.org/10.1039/D3YA00132F https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-28430Digital Materials Design (DMD) offers new possibilities for data-driven microstructure optimization of solid oxide cells (SOC). Despite the progress in 3D-imaging, experimental microstructure investigations are typically limited to only a few tomography analyses. In this publication, a DMD workflow is presented for extensive virtual microstructure variation, which is based on a limited number of real tomography analyses. Real 3D microstructures, which are captured with FIB-tomography from LSTN-CGO anodes, are used as a basis for stochastic modeling. Thereby, digital twins are constructed for each of the three real microstructures. The virtual structure generation is based on the pluri-Gaussian method (PGM). In order to match the properties of selected virtual microstructures (i.e., digital twins) with real structures, the construction parameters for the PGM-model are determined by interpolation of a database of virtual structures. Moreover, the relative conductivities of the phases are optimized with morphological operations. The digital twins are then used as anchor points for virtual microstructure variation of LSTN-CGO anodes, covering a wide range of compositions and porosities. All relevant microstructure properties are determined using our standardized and automated microstructure characterization procedure, which was recently published. The microstructure properties can then e.g., be used as input for a multiphysics electrode model to predict the corresponding anode performances. This set of microstructure properties with corresponding performances is then the basis to provide design guidelines for improved electrodes. The PGM-based structure generation is available as a new Python app for the GeoDict software package

Standardized microstructure characterization of SOC electrodes as a key element for Digital Materials Design

Performance and durability of solid oxide cell (SOC) electrodes are closely linked to their microstructure properties. Thus, the comprehensive characterization of 3D microstructures e.g., obtained by FIB-SEM tomography is essential for SOC electrode optimization. Recent advances and trends call for a standardized and automated microstructure characterization. Advances in FIB-SEM tomography enable the acquisition of more samples, which are also more frequently shared within the research community due to evolving open science concepts. In addition, the emerging methods for Digital Materials Design (DMD) enable to create numerous virtual but realistic microstructure variations using stochastic microstructure modeling. In this publication, a standardized microstructure characterization tool for SOC electrodes is presented, which is implemented as a Python app for the GeoDict software-package. A large number of microstructure characteristics can be determined with this app, which are relevant for the performance of conventional electrodes like Ni-YSZ and for more recent MIEC-based electrodes. The long list of 3D characteristics that can be determined selectively includes morphological characteristics, interface properties and effective transport properties deduced from morphological predictions and from numerical simulations. The extensive possibilities of the standardized microstructure characterization tool are illustrated for a dataset of three LSTN-CGO anode microstructures reconstructed with FIB-SEM tomography and for a dataset of three virtual sphere-packing structures. The automated microstructure characterization is a key element to exploit the full potential of open science, Digital Materials Design (DMD) and artificial intelligence (AI) for the data-driven optimization of SOC electrodes by providing standardized high quality microstructure property data

Hierarchical structuring of black silicon wafers by ion-flow-stimulated roughening transition : fundamentals and applications for photovoltaics

Ion-flow-stimulated roughening transition is a phenomenon that may prove useful in the hierarchical structuring of nanostructures. In this work, we have investigated theoretically and experimentally the surface texturing of single-crystal and multi-crystalline silicon wafers irradiated using ion-beam flows. In contrast to previous studies, ions had relatively low energies, whereas flow densities were high enough to induce a quasi-liquid state in the upper silicon layers. The resulting surface modifications reduced the wafer light reflectance to values characteristic of black silicon, widely used in solar energetics. Features of nanostructures on different faces of silicon single crystals were studied numerically based on the mesoscopic Monte Carlo model. We established that the formation of nano-pyramids, ridges, and twisting dune-like structures is due to the stimulated roughening transition effect. The aforementioned variety of modified surface morphologies arises due to the fact that the effects of stimulated surface diffusion of atoms and re-deposition of free atoms on the wafer surface from the near-surface region are manifested to different degrees on different Si faces. It is these two factors that determine the selection of the allowable "trajectories" (evolution paths) of the thermodynamic system along which its Helmholtz free energy, F, decreases, concomitant with an increase in the surface area of the wafer and the corresponding changes in its internal energy, U (dU>0), and entropy, S (dS>0), so that dF=dU - TdS<0, where T is the absolute temperature. The basic theoretical concepts developed were confirmed in experimental studies, the results of which showed that our method could produce, abundantly, black silicon wafers in an environmentally friendly manner compared to traditional chemical etching