Transferencia de aflatoxina en ganado ovino desde el alimento a la leche

Las micotoxinas son toxinas fúngicas, fundamentalmente producidas por hongos filamentosos de los géneros Aspergillus, Penicil/ium y Fusaríum. Estos mohos colonizan una gran variedad de cultivos agrícolas y pueden estar presentes en distintas fases de la cadena alimentaria. Generalmente se asocian a climas cálidos y húmedos. No obstante, debido al cambio climático, los patrones de crecimiento. distribución y producción de micotoxinas se han visto seriamente afectados y, por ello, la seguridad de los alimentos y piensos.Publishe

Feed intake and performance of growing lambs raised on concentrate-based diets under cafeteria feeding systems

8 pages, 4 tables, 3 figures.--Two trials were undertaken to study the effects of cafeteria feeding systems on the feed intake, animal performance and carcass characteristics of growing lambs, Trial 1 was designed to compare conventional and cafeteria feeding systems in terms of the growth of individually reared lambs. For this assay, 26 weaned Merino lambs (15.5 +/- 0.20 kg live weight) were assigned to three dietary treatment groups: (1) a control group fed barley straw and commercial concentrate under a conventional feeding system, (2) group W100S, fed soya-bean meal, whole barley grain and a mineral-vitamin supplement under a cafeteria feeding system, and (3) group W100S-T, fed as in the W100S treatment but allowing the lambs an initial training period so they could learn to identify a number of feeds. The feeding system had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on either average daily live-weight gain, carcass weight, or carcass conformation. The food conversion ratio was lower (P < 0.05) for the cafeteria-reared animals (2.9 +/- 0.16 v. 2.5 +/- 0.08g dry-matter intake per g average daily gain) than those of the control group. This might be related to the higher crude protein intake seen in the cafeteria groups (150 +/- 5.6 v. 208 +/- 12.5g per animal per day, P < 0.001). In trial 2, cafeteria and conventional feeding system were compared in terms of the growth of feedlot lambs. Two hundred weaned Merino lambs (13.1 +/- 0.10 kg) were divided into two experimental groups: (1) a control group, offered commercial concentrate and barley straw, and (2) a cafeteria group fed the same diet as W100ST in trial 1. The average daily gain (282 +/- 5.8 and 309 6.5, P 0.001) in the conventional than in the cafeteria system lambs. The use of cafeteria systems for fattening lambs can improve the feed conversion efficiency and body growth rate over those achieved with conventional feeding systems, although the crude protein intake in these systems seems to be in excess of requirements.This research was funded by Magnus S.A., with additional support from the collaboration between Caja España and the Estación Agrícola Experimental (CSIC, Spanish National Research Council).Peer reviewe

Effect of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) inclusion in the diet for fattening lambs on animal performance, ruminal characteristics and meat quality

[EN] Thirty male merino lambs were fed with a pelleted total mixed ration (TMR) alone or supplemented with hop (Humulus lupulus L.) cones at two different doses (1.5 and 3.0 g hop cones/kg pelleted TMR, respectively), to study the effects of this dietary source of antioxidants on animal performance, ruminal parameters and meat quality attributes. The results showed that dietary supplementation with hop cones decreased lambs' growth rate (P < 0.05) due to a shift in ruminal fermentation, towards a more acetic and less propionic acid production (P < 0.05). These changes in animal growth rate might have promoted microstructural modifications in the quantity and size of muscle fibres, thereby inducing the differences observed in meat chemical composition, colour and texture (P 0.10).S

Incorporación de Aceites Vegetales en Raciones de Ovejas Churras Durante el Inicio de Lactación; Efecto sobre la composición de la Leche y el Crecimiento de los Lechazos.

La utilización de grasas en las raciones de rumiantes permite modificar el perfil lipídico de los productos obtenidos (carne y leche) y ofrece la posibilidad de aumentar el nivel de algunos ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (CLA y ácidos grasos de la serie n-3) con efectos beneficiosos para la salud humana. Estudios realizados en ovejas lecheras durante la fase intermedia de la lactación, han señalado que una de las formas más eficientes de aumentar los niveles de CLA y reducir la relación n6/n3 de la leche es la utilización de aceites vegetales en las raciones (Bouattour et al. 2007). Los trabajos publicados sobre la incorporación de aceites vegetales en ovejas lecheras durante el inicio de la lactación son limitados y, sin embargo, presentan un gran interés en razas de aptitud mixta, como la raza Churra, por su posible influencia en la calidad de la leche y de la carne de lechazo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar el efecto de la incorporación de aceites vegetales con distinto grado de saturación, sobre la producción y composición de la leche de ovejas Churras durante el inicio de lactación y sobre el crecimiento de los corderos durante la fase de lactancia

Effects of dietary inclusion of sunflower soap stocks on colour, oxidation and microbiological growth of meat from light fattening lambs

[EN] Thirty-two lambs were finished on a total mixed ration (TMR) pelleted alone (00SS) or including sunflower soap stock (SS): 15SS (15 g SS per kg TMR), 30SS (30 g SS per kg TMR) and 60SS (60 g SS per kg TMR). Lambs (8 per group) were slaughtered at 27 kg live weight. Colour evolution, lipid oxidation, microbial growth and detection of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli were studied in meat samples. SS in the diet reduced meat lipid oxidation (P 0.05) on the cholesterol oxidation products. Meat from 60SS and control animals (00SS) revealed greater discoloration (P < 0.05) than 15SS. SS supplementation did not affect the microbiological populations, whereas high doses of SS seemed to increase the proliferation of diarrhoeagenic E. coli on day 14 (P < 0.10). These results suggest that the rate of SS inclusion in the diet of fattening lambs should not be above 15 g SS per kg TMR.S

Dietary Supplementation with Sugar Beet Fructooligosaccharides and Garlic Residues Promotes Growth of Beneficial Bacteria and Increases Weight Gain in Neonatal Lambs

The proper development of the early gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiota is critical for newborn ruminants. This microbiota is susceptible to modification by diverse external factors (such as diet) that can lead to long-lasting results when occurring in young ruminants. Dietary supplementation with prebiotics, ingredients nondigestible and nonabsorbable by the host that stimulate the growth of beneficial GIT bacteria, has been applied worldwide as a potential approach in order to improve ruminant health and production yields. However, how prebiotics affect the GIT microbiota during ruminants’ early life is still poorly understood. We investigated the effect of milk supplementation with a combination of two well-known prebiotics, fructooligosaccharides (FOS) from sugar beet and garlic residues (all together named as “additive”), exerted on preweaned lamb growth and the composition of their fecal microbiota, by using 16S rRNA gene amplicon high-throughput sequencing. The results showed a significant increase in the mean daily weight gain of lambs fed with the additive. Lamb fecal microbiota was also influenced by the additive intake, as additive-diet lambs showed lower bacterial diversity and were significantly more abundant in Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus and Veillonella. These bacteria have been previously reported to confer beneficial properties to the ruminant, including promotion of growth and health status, and our results showed that they were strongly linked to the additive intake and the increased weight gain of lambs. This study points out the combination of FOS from sugar beet and garlic residues as a potential prebiotic to be used in young ruminants’ nutrition in order to improve production yields

Grain grinding size of cereals in complete pelleted diets for growing lambs: Effects on ruminal microbiota and fermentation

[EN] Lambs from intensive dairy sheep production systems are sold out either after weaning as milk-fed lambs or after a fattening characterized by high intakes of concentrate feeds (mainly cereals) which can lead to ruminal disorders. Therefore, it is essential to explore different feeding alternatives in order to reach a balance between economic or productive benefits and animal welfare. Twenty weaned male lambs (6–8 weeks age, 14.8 ± 0.16 kg body weight) were allocated randomly to one of two different groups (n=10 per group) to study the effect of feeding a complete pelleted diet (CPD) in which cereal grains were ground at two different sieve sizes (either 2-mm with 13.5% dry matter (DM) of the particles>1.7mm or 6-mm with 47.1% DM of particles>1.7 mm) on DM intake, nutrient digestibility, ruminal microbiota and fermentation. Lambs were fed the corresponding CPD ad libitum and slaughtered when they reached 27 kg. DM intake was greater in the lambs fed 2-mm grains than in those fed 6-mm grains (P < .05). Feeding 2-mm grains in comparison to 6-mm grains resulted in darker colour of ruminal mucosa (100 vs. 127, from a scale where 0 is black and 256 white; SED=9.8; P=.017) and thicker stratum corneum (45.3 vs. 30.9 μm; SED=3.67; P=.001), suggesting more severe acidotic conditions in the rumen with the smaller cereal particle size. Analysis of microbial communities revealed that the presence of ruminal bacteria such as Prevotella and Quinella was increased in the digesta of animals fed the 2-mm diet. These data were corroborated by the odd- and branched-chain fatty acid profile of ruminal contents, which would indicate a shift from cellulolytic to amylolytic bacteria in the rumen of lambs fed the 2-mm diet. In conclusion, feeding 6-mm in comparison to 2-mm ground cereal grains included in CPD formulated for growing lambs is an alternative strategy that may reduce ruminal acidosis through changes in the microbiota.wSICSIC ( (Proyecto Intramural Especial; Project 201540E084)Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España

RESULTADOS DEL AGENDA 2030-ODS- A TRAVÉS DE LA RESOLUCIÓN DE PROBLEMAS (Nutri-sostenible)

La Asamblea General de la ONU adoptó los 17 Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) de la agenda 2030. La UNESCO se hace eco de la contribución significativa de la Educación Superior para alcanzar los ODS. En este proyecto docente se pone en evidencia la necesidad de la enseñanza de los ODS a los alumnos de Nutrición Humana y Dietética (NHyD) ya que son actores esenciales para la promoción de una nutrición sostenible. Datos sobre los principales aspecto de interés de los alumnos del grado de NHyDVIRTUv

Statistical approaches for assessing meat quality and heifer rumen histology based on dietary forage

IntroductionFeeding local forages to ruminants is a promising strategy for enhancing metabolic processes, promoting sustainable farming, and improving product quality. However, studies comparing the effects of different forages on rumen histology and meat attributes of heifers are limited and variable.Material and methodsThis study evaluated the benefits of incorporating local forages into heifer diets by comparing barley straw (BS) and oat hay (OH) on heifer attributes focusing on meat quality (MQ) and rumen status (RS). Sixteen crossbred (Charolais x Limousin) female heifers (7 months of age, 263 ± 10.50 kg) were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments (BS or OH) over 120 days.Results and discussionHeifers fed OH showed enhanced RS (p &lt; 0.05), characterized by improved intestinal epithelial integrity and a lower percentage of hyperpigmented cells, suggesting a potential reduction in inflammatory processes compared to BS, which may indicate a lower risk of metabolic diseases. Despite this, no significant differences (p &gt; 0.05) were found in animal performance, chemical composition, and technological properties of the meat between the dietary groups, while lower levels (p &lt; 0.05) of certain saturated fatty acids (C12:0, C15:0, and C22:0) were found in the meat from heifers fed OH. Principal component analysis (PCA) reduced the variables and demonstrated that all variables assessed can be condensed into four new variables explaining 75.06% of the variability. Moreover, biplot analysis reveals that the OH diet could be discriminated from BS. Our findings suggest that OH is a valuable fiber source, positively influencing certain heifer attributes, and supporting sustainable animal agriculture practices

Diverse Large HIV-1 Non-subtype B Clusters Are Spreading Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Spain

In Western Europe, the HIV-1 epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM) is dominated by subtype B. However, recently, other genetic forms have been reported to circulate in this population, as evidenced by their grouping in clusters predominantly comprising European individuals. Here we describe four large HIV-1 non-subtype B clusters spreading among MSM in Spain. Samples were collected in 9 regions. A pol fragment was amplified from plasma RNA or blood-extracted DNA. Phylogenetic analyses were performed via maximum likelihood, including database sequences of the same genetic forms as the identified clusters. Times and locations of the most recent common ancestors (MRCA) of clusters were estimated with a Bayesian method. Five large non-subtype B clusters associated with MSM were identified. The largest one, of F1 subtype, was reported previously. The other four were of CRF02_AG (CRF02_1; n = 115) and subtypes A1 (A1_1; n = 66), F1 (F1_3; n = 36), and C (C_7; n = 17). Most individuals belonging to them had been diagnosed of HIV-1 infection in the last 10 years. Each cluster comprised viruses from 3 to 8 Spanish regions and also comprised or was related to viruses from other countries: CRF02_1 comprised a Japanese subcluster and viruses from 8 other countries from Western Europe, Asia, and South America; A1_1 comprised viruses from Portugal, United Kingom, and United States, and was related to the A1 strain circulating in Greece, Albania and Cyprus; F1_3 was related to viruses from Romania; and C_7 comprised viruses from Portugal and was related to a virus from Mozambique. A subcluster within CRF02_1 was associated with heterosexual transmission. Near full-length genomes of each cluster were of uniform genetic form. Times of MRCAs of CRF02_1, A1_1, F1_3, and C_7 were estimated around 1986, 1989, 2013, and 1983, respectively. MRCA locations for CRF02_1 and A1_1 were uncertain (however initial expansions in Spain in Madrid and Vigo, respectively, were estimated) and were most probable in Bilbao, Spain, for F1_3 and Portugal for C_7. These results show that the HIV-1 epidemic among MSM in Spain is becoming increasingly diverse through the expansion of diverse non-subtype B clusters, comprising or related to viruses circulating in other countries