Equilibrium concepts for social interaction models

equilibrium analysis;public choice

Quantum data gathering

Measurement of a quantum system – the process by which an observer gathers information about it – provides a link between the quantum and classical worlds. The nature of this process is the central issue for attempts to reconcile quantum and classical descriptions of physical processes. Here, we show that the conventional paradigm of quantum measurement is directly responsible for a well-known disparity between the resources required to extract information from quantum and classical systems. We introduce a simple form of quantum data gathering, “coherent measurement”, that eliminates this disparity and restores a pleasing symmetry between classical and quantum statistical inference. To illustrate the power of quantum data gathering, we demonstrate that coherent measurements are optimal and strictly more powerful than conventional one-at-a-time measurements for the task of discriminating quantum states, including certain entangled many-body states (e.g., matrix product states)

A study of real-time computer graphic display technology for aeronautical applications

Hardware, algorithms and software for real-time raster graphics were designed and implemented

Entanglement verification with finite data

Suppose an experimentalist wishes to verify that his apparatus produces entangled quantum states. A finite amount of data cannot conclusively demonstrate entanglement, so drawing conclusions from real-world data requires statistical reasoning. We propose a reliable method to quantify the weight of evidence for (or against) entanglement, based on a likelihood ratio test. Our method is universal in that it can be applied to any sort of measurements. We demonstrate the method by applying it to two simulated experiments on two qubits. The first measures a single entanglement witness, while the second performs a tomographically complete measurement.Comment: 4 pages, 3 pretty picture

Criminal Liability Under the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act

The criminal provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA)' and the judicial interpretation thereof afford the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) great discretion, in determining both when and against whom criminal prosecution is warranted. Though it may employ a wide variety of enforcement mechanisms, the FDA has relied in recent years ever more heavily on criminal proceedings. Absent appropriate guidelines, however, extensive use of criminal sanctions to enforce the FDCA potentially leads to costly, inefficient, and unnecessary prosecutions. This paper attempts to define such guidelines in the context of criminal liability for corporate officers and employees. First, the paper will describe corporate liability under the FDCA. Next, it will utilize economic tools to propose guidelines to help determine when this liability is best imposed. Finally, it will examine the factual settings of two seminal cases in food and drug law using the proposed guidelines