Application of International Scientometric Databases in the Professional Training of Future Teachers of Psychological and Pedagogical Disciplines: Capabilities of Web of science (WOS), Scopus, Google Scholar

The aim of the work is to determine the potential directions and ways of using international scientometric databases by students of psychological and pedagogical disciplines. By analyzing the potential opportunities and benefits of Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, the potential directions of their application for master's training of teachers are formed. According to the results of the processed material it is noted that for stable production of quality scientific products and excellent presentation of scientific achievements of the institution, a specific author at the national and international level, the university needs a comprehensive program to stimulate publishing activity. indexed in leading international abstracts, will also include measures to reduce the teaching load for productive researchers of the university, full involvement of masters and graduate students in the scientific work of the institution, regular lectures and trainings on modern tools of scientific information management

Ray Parenchymal Cells Contribute to Lignification of Tracheids in Developing Xylem of Norway Spruce

A comparative transcriptomic study and a single-cell metabolome analysis were combined to determine whether parenchymal ray cells contribute to the biosynthesis of monolignols in the lignifying xylem of Norway spruce (Picea abies). Ray parenchymal cells may function in the lignification of upright tracheids by supplying monolignols. To test this hypothesis, parenchymal ray cells and upright tracheids were dissected with laser-capture microdissection from tangential cryosections of developing xylem of spruce trees. The transcriptome analysis revealed that among the genes involved in processes typical for vascular tissues, genes encoding cell wall biogenesis-related enzymes were highly expressed in both developing tracheids and ray cells. Interestingly, most of the shikimate and monolignol biosynthesis pathway-related genes were equally expressed in both cell types. Nonetheless, 1,073 differentially expressed genes were detected between developing ray cells and tracheids, among which a set of genes expressed only in ray cells was identified. In situ single cell metabolomics of semi-intact plants by picoliter pressure probe-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry detected monolignols and their glycoconjugates in both cell types, indicating that the biosynthetic route for monolignols is active in both upright tracheids and parenchymal ray cells. The data strongly support the hypothesis that in developing xylem, ray cells produce monolignols that contribute to lignification of tracheid cell walls. Transcriptomics combined with single-cell metabolomics give new information on the role of rays in lignification of developing xylem in Norway spruce.Peer reviewe

Provider-patient experiences and HIV care utilization among people living with HIV who inject drugs in St. Petersburg, Russia.

Providers disrespect and abuse of patients is a recognized but understudied issue affecting quality of care and likely affecting healthcare utilization. Little research has examined this issue among people living with HIV (PWH) who inject drugs, despite high stigmatization of this population. No research has examined this issue in the context of Russia. This study assesses patients reports of disrespect and abuse from providers as a barrier to healthcare and examines the association between these reports and HIV care outcomes.We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the associations between disrespect/abuse from health providers as a barrier to care and the following HIV care outcomes: (i) anti-retroviral treatment (ART) uptake ever, (ii) past 6-month visit to HIV provider, and (iii) CD4 count. Participants (N = 221) were people living with HIV who injected drugs and were not on ART at enrollment.Two in five participants (42%) reported a history disrespect/abuse from a healthcare provider that they cited as a barrier to care. Those reporting this concern had lower odds of ever use of ART (adjusted odds ratio 0.46 [95% CI 0.22, 0.95]); we found no significant associations for the other HIV outcomes. We additionally found higher representation of women among those reporting prevalence of disrespect/abuse from provider as a barrier to care compared to those not reporting this barrier (58.1% versus 27.3%).Almost half of this sample of PWH who inject drugs report disrespect/abuse from a provider as a barrier to healthcare, and this is associated with lower odds of receipt of ART but not with other HIV outcomes studied. There is need for improved focus on quality of respectful and dignified care from providers for PWH who inject drugs, and such focus may improve ART uptake in Russia

Laser capture microdissection protocol for xylem tissues of woody plants

Peer reviewe

Regulation of PaRBOH1-mediated ROS production in Norway spruce by Ca2+ binding and phosphorylation

Plant respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs) are plasma membrane-localized NADPH oxidases that generate superoxide anion radicals, which then dismutate to H2O2, into the apoplast using cytoplasmic NADPH as an electron donor. PaRBOH1 is the most highly expressed RBOH gene in developing xylem as well as in a lignin-forming cell culture of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.). Since no previous information about regulation of gymnosperm RBOHs exist, our aim was to resolve how PaRBOH1 is regulated with a focus on phosphorylation. The N-terminal part of PaRBOH1 was found to contain several putative phosphorylation sites and a four-times repeated motif with similarities to the Botrytis-induced kinase 1 target site in Arabidopsis AtRBOHD. Phosphorylation was indicated for six of the sites in in vitro kinase assays using 15 amino-acid-long peptides for each of the predicted phosphotarget site in the presence of protein extracts of developing xylem. Serine and threonine residues showing positive response in the peptide assays were individually mutated to alanine (kinase-inactive) or to aspartate (phosphomimic), and the wild type PaRBOH1 and the mutated constructs transfected to human kidney embryogenic (HEK293T) cells with a low endogenous level of extracellular ROS production. ROS-producing assays with HEK cells showed that Ca2+ and phosphorylation synergistically activate the enzyme and identified several serine and threonine residues that are likely to be phosphorylated including a novel phosphorylation site not characterized in other plant species. These were further investigated with a phosphoproteomic study. Results of Norway spruce, the first gymnosperm species studied in relation to RBOH regulation, show that regulation of RBOH activity is conserved among seed plants

Dissecting the interaction of photosynthetic electron transfer with mitochondrial signalling and hypoxic response in the Arabidopsis rcd1 mutant

The Arabidopsis mutant rcd1 is tolerant to methyl viologen (MV). MV enhances the Mehler reaction, i.e. electron transfer from Photosystem I (PSI) to O-2, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the chloroplast. To study the MV tolerance of rcd1, we first addressed chloroplast thiol redox enzymes potentially implicated in ROS scavenging. NADPH-thioredoxin oxidoreductase type C (NTRC) was more reduced in rcd1. NTRC contributed to the photosynthetic and metabolic phenotypes of rcd1, but did not determine its MV tolerance. We next tested rcd1 for alterations in the Mehler reaction. In rcd1, but not in the wild type, the PSI-to-MV electron transfer was abolished by hypoxic atmosphere. A characteristic feature of rcd1 is constitutive expression of mitochondrial dysfunction stimulon (MDS) genes that affect mitochondrial respiration. Similarly to rcd1, in other MDS-overexpressing plants hypoxia also inhibited the PSI-to-MV electron transfer. One possible explanation is that the MDS gene products may affect the Mehler reaction by altering the availability of O-2. In green tissues, this putative effect is masked by photosynthetic O-2 evolution. However, O-2 evolution was rapidly suppressed in MV-treated plants. Transcriptomic meta-analysis indicated that MDS gene expression is linked to hypoxic response not only under MV, but also in standard growth conditions. This article is part of the theme issue 'Retrograde signalling from endosymbiotic organelles'.Peer reviewe

Regulation of PaRBOH1-mediated ROS production in Norway spruce by Ca2+ binding and phosphorylation

Plant respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs) are plasma membrane-localized NADPH oxidases that generate superoxide anion radicals, which then dismutate to H2O2, into the apoplast using cytoplasmic NADPH as an electron donor. PaRBOH1 is the most highly expressed RBOH gene in developing xylem as well as in a lignin-forming cell culture of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.). Since no previous information about regulation of gymnosperm RBOHs exist, our aim was to resolve how PaRBOH1 is regulated with a focus on phosphorylation. The N-terminal part of PaRBOH1 was found to contain several putative phosphorylation sites and a four-times repeated motif with similarities to the Botrytis-induced kinase 1 target site in Arabidopsis AtRBOHD. Phosphorylation was indicated for six of the sites in in vitro kinase assays using 15 amino-acid-long peptides for each of the predicted phosphotarget site in the presence of protein extracts of developing xylem. Serine and threonine residues showing positive response in the peptide assays were individually mutated to alanine (kinase-inactive) or to aspartate (phosphomimic), and the wild type PaRBOH1 and the mutated constructs transfected to human kidney embryogenic (HEK293T) cells with a low endogenous level of extracellular ROS production. ROS-producing assays with HEK cells showed that Ca2+ and phosphorylation synergistically activate the enzyme and identified several serine and threonine residues that are likely to be phosphorylated including a novel phosphorylation site not characterized in other plant species. These were further investigated with a phosphoproteomic study. Results of Norway spruce, the first gymnosperm species studied in relation to RBOH regulation, show that regulation of RBOH activity is conserved among seed plants.Peer reviewe

Tissue-specific study across the stem reveals the chemistry and transcriptome dynamics of birch bark.

Tree bark is a highly specialized array of tissues that plays important roles in plant protection and development. Bark tissues develop from two lateral meristems; the phellogen (cork cambium) produces the outermost stem-environment barrier called the periderm, while the vascular cambium contributes with phloem tissues. Although bark is diverse in terms of tissues, functions and species, it remains understudied at higher resolution. We dissected the stem of silver birch (Betula pendula) into eight major tissue types, and characterized these by a combined transcriptomics and metabolomics approach. We further analyzed the varying bark types within the Betulaceae family. The two meristems had a distinct contribution to the stem transcriptomic landscape. Furthermore, inter- and intraspecies analyses illustrated the unique molecular profile of the phellem. We identified multiple tissue-specific metabolic pathways, such as the mevalonate/betulin biosynthesis pathway, that displayed differential evolution within the Betulaceae. A detailed analysis of suberin and betulin biosynthesis pathways identified a set of underlying regulators and highlighted the important role of local, small-scale gene duplication events in the evolution of metabolic pathways. This work reveals the transcriptome and metabolic diversity among bark tissues and provides insights to its development and evolution, as well as its biotechnological applications.peerReviewe