Localization of the genes for tumor necrosis factor and lymphotoxin between the HLA classI and III regions by field inversion gel electrophoresis

To clarify the position of the TNFA and TNFB genes on the HLA map, we have assigned TNFA to large DNA restriction fragments separated by field inversion gel electrophoresis, which hybridize with either class III- or class I-specific probes as well. These results prove that the TNFA locus is localized between the HLA class III region and the HLA-B locus

A Physical Map Including a New Class I Gene (cda12) of the Human Major Histocompatibility Complex (A2/313 Haplotype) Derived from a Monosomy 6 Mutant Cell Line

To avoid interpretative problems due to restriction fragment length polymorphisms, the monosomy 6 mutant cell line BM19.7 was employed to establish a molecular map of the human major histocompatibility (HLA) complex in the A2,B13,Bw4,DRw6,DRw52,DQw1,DPw2 haplotype. Results were obtained mainly by field-inversion gel electrophoresis and Southern blotting techniques. The map extends to 4800 kb and includes the HLA complex with a length of 4200 kb. Five HTF islands could be positioned on the map. The class I region has a size of about 2000 kb and includes nonclassical HLA class I genes, some of which must be localized within 200 kb telomeric of HLA-A. A new class I gene, cda12, distinct from HLA-A, HLA-B, or HLA-C, has been localized within 50 kb from HLA-A. The class I region contains a gap of about 500 kb, just telomeric of HLA-C, in which further class I genes could not be detected. The class II region has a size of 1000 kb, which is separated from the class I region by about 1200 kb. The 5' end of the HLA-B gene is situated centromeric, giving an orientation opposite to that of the TNFA and TNFB loci. The estimated length of the HLA complex correlates well with its size determined cytogenetically using mutant cell lines with interstitial deletions